Shared Flashcard Set

Details

Neural Processing and Perception
N/A
8
Psychology
Undergraduate 2
12/04/2014

Additional Psychology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term

 

 

 

 

 

What is lateral inhibition what phenomenon are associated with it?

 

Definition

 

 

 

 

Lateral inhibition is the capacity of an excited neuron to reduce the activity of its neighbors

 

The Hermann Grid: Seeing spots at an intersection

 

Mach Bands: Seeing borders more sharply

 

Simultaneous Contrast: Seeing areas of different brightness due to adjacent areas

 

Term

 

 

 

 

What is white’s illusion and how is it explained?

Definition

 

White’s Illusion             

 

People see light and dark rectangles even though lateral inhibition would result in the opposite effect

 

explained by Allen Gilchrest’s  theory of Belongingness

 

An area’s appearance is affected by where we perceive it belongs

[image]

Term

 

 

 

 

What type of organization do receptive field is generally and how does it work?

 

Definition

 

center surround organization is generally used for perception

 

Uses center surround antagonism

 

Output of center surround antagonism dependent on area stimulated

 

Signals from the retina travel through the optic nerve to the

 

Lateral Geniculate nucleus (LGN) first synapse for ganglion cell axons occur here

 

LGN cells also have a center-surrounded receptive fields

 

Major function of LGN is to regulate neural information from retina to visual cortex

 

 

Term

 

 

 

 

What cells are employed in receptive fields and what is their importance?

Definition

 

 

Simple cortical cells. Complex cortical cells and end-stopped cortical cells

 

Simple cortical cell

 

Elongated (vertical)  with side by side excitatory region

 

Responds to light (bars) in particular orientation

 

Complex cortical cell

 

Respond to bars of light in particular orientation

 

Responds to movement of bars of light in specific direction (perpendicular)

 

End-stopped cortical cell

 

Responds to particular orientation and motion as well as

 

Moving lines of specific length

 

Moving corners or angles

 

No response to stimuli that are too long

 

Found through Hubel and Wiesel studied properties of neurons in area (V1 striate cortex) of cats

 

Term

 

 

 

 

When a patient sensitivity to a range of one stimulus characteristic is measured and then theiy’re adapted to the stimulus and re-measured it what is being tested

Definition

 

 

 

 

Selective Adaptation Neurons tuned to specific stimuli fatigue when exposure is long

 

causes Neural firing rate to decrease Neuron to fire less when stimulus immediately present again

 

Selective adaption to an orientation decreases detection of that orientation

 

Term

 

 

 

 

 

What experiment was used to show the effects of selective rearing? (or the absence of certain stimuli in environment)

 

Definition

 

 

 

 

Blakemore and Cooper rearing kittens in tubes with either horizontal or vertical lines

 

Discovered the phenomenon of neural plasticity or experience dependent plasticity where neurons that respond to present stimulus become more prevalent

 

Elimination of orientation detectors decreases ability to see those orientations

 

Led to identification of sensitive periods in development

 

Sensitive period is a window of time during which neurons that code an ability/function can be altered

 

Term

 

 

 

 

What is used to describe the representation of perceived objects through neural firing and what three theories are based on this process?

 

Definition

 

Sensory code is the representation of perceived objects through neural firing

 

Specificity coding- specific neurons responding to specific stimuli

 

hippocampus respond to concepts

 

Problems with specificity code

 

Too many different stimuli to assign to specific neurons

 

Most neurons respond to a number of different stimuli

 

Distributed coding

 

Pattern of firing across many neurons, codes specific objects

 

Large number of stimuli can be coded by a few neurons

 

Sparse coding

 

Only a relatively small number of neurons are necessary

 

Term

 

 

 

Where is the primary reciving area for vision located?

Definition

 



Primary visual receiving area in the occipital lobe (striate cortex or area V1)

 

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