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NEU Microbiology Spring 2011 Ch 15-16
These flashcards go over review material at the end of the chapters
23
Microbiology
Undergraduate 1
03/24/2011

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Term
What is autoinduction?
Definition

Autoinduction is a gene regulatory mechanism involving small, diffusible signal molecules

Term
What is a carboxysome?
Definition

A corboxysome is a polyhedral cellular inclusion of crystalline ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase, the key enzyme of the Calvin Cycle (Kreb's Cycle, citric acid cycle)

Term
What are enteric bacteria?
Definition
Enteric bacteria are a large group of gram - rods characterized by a faculatatively aerobic metabolism and commonly found in the intestines of animals
Term
What is a methanotroph?
Definition
A methanotroph is an organism that si capable of oxidizing methane as an electron donor in energy metabolism
Term
What is a methylotroph?
Definition

A methylotroph is an organism that is capable of oxidizing organic compounds that do not contain carbon-carbon bonds; if able to oxidise methane, also a methanotroph

Term
What are nitrifying bacteria?
Definition
Nitrifying bacteria are chemolithotrphs capable of carrying out the transformation of NH3 to NO2- or NO2- to NO3-
Term
What are prosthecae?
Definition

Prosthecae are extrusions of the cytoplasm, often forming distinct appendages bounded by the cell wall

Term
What are proteobacteria?
Definition

Proteobacteria are a major lineage of bacteria that contains a large number of Gram + rods and cocci

Term
What are purple nonsulfur bacteria?
Definition
Purple nonsulfur bacteria are a group of phototrophic bacteria containing bacterio-chlorophyll a or b that grows best as photoheterotrophs and has a relatively low tolerance for H2S
Term
What are purple sulfur bacteria?
Definition

Purple sulfur bacteria are a group of phototrophic bacteria containing bacteriochlorophylls a or b and characterized by the ability to oxidise H2S and store elemental sulfur inside the cells

Term
What are sulfate-reducing and sulfur-reducing bacteria?
Definition

Sulfate and sulfur bacteria are two groups of anaerobic bacteria that respire anaerobically with sulfate and elemental sulfur, respectively, as electron acceptors. Both produce H2S

Term
What is acid fastness?
Definition

Acid fastness is a property of Mycobacterium species in which cells stained with the bye basic fuchsin resist decoloration with acidic alcohol

Term
What is a chlorosome?
Definition

A chlorosome is a cigar-shaped structure bounded by a nonunit membrane which contains the light-harvesting bacteriochlorophyll (c, d or e) in green sulfur bacteria and Chloroflexus

Term
What is a consortium?
Definition

A consortium is a two-or-more membered association of bacteria usually living in an intimate symbiotic fashion

Term
What are cyanobacteria?
Definition

Cyanobacteria are bacterial oxygenic phototrophs that contain chlorophyll a and phycobilins not not chlorophyll b

Term
What are green sulfur bacteria?
Definition

Green sulfur bacteria are anoxygenic phototrophs containing chlorosomes and bacteriochlorophyll c, d or e as light-harvesting chlorophyll

Term
What are heliobacteria?
Definition

Heliobacteria are anoxygenic phototrophs which contain bacteriochlorphyll g

Term
What is meant when a bacterial species is heterofermentive?
Definition

Heterofermentive means that in reference to lactic aicd bacteria, capable of making more than one fermentation product

Term
What are homofermentive bacteira in regards to lactic acid fermentation?
Definition

Homofermentive bacteria produce only lactic acid as a fermentation product

Term
What is phycobilin?
Definition

Phycobilin is the light-capturing open chain tetrapyrole component of phycobiliproteins

Term
What is a prochlorophyte?
Definition

A prochlorophyte is a bacterial oxygenic phototroph that contains chlorophylls a and b but lacks phycobilins

Term
What is a spirochete?
Definition

A spirochete is a slender, tightly coiled Gram - bacterium characterized by possession of endoflagella used for motility

Term
What is a Stickland reaction?
Definition
A Stickland reaction is the fermentation of an amino acid pair in which one amino acid serves as an electron donor and a second serves as an electron acceptor
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