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| A testable statement about the natural world that can be used to develop inferences and explanations |
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| A group of subjects, closely resembling the experimental group but not receiving the factor under study, which serves as a comparison to the experimental group. |
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| A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural world that can incorporate facts, laws, inferences, and tested hypotheses. |
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| The prevailing theory that the universe began as one mass that then expanded into the state of the current universe. |
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| The process by which nuclei of small atoms combine to form a new, more massive nucleus during which energy is released. |
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| Sequences of changes that occurs in a star as it ages; this process is driven by gravity due to mass and pressure due to nuclear fusion. |
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| The movement of elements between Earth's land, water, atmosphere, and living things. |
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| Heat transfer in a fluid by the circulation of currents due to differences in density. |
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| The careful use of natural resources including preservation protection, or restoration. |
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| A nonrenewable energy source from the remains of organisms from a former geologic age that can be used as fuel (examples include coal, oil, and natural gas). |
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| Water that is beneath Earth's surface. |
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| Transfer of heat energy between heat substances that are in direct contact with one another. |
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| Heat energy transfer due to electromagnetic waves. |
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| A determination of the relative age of rock layers reached by studying fossils. |
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| The method of calculating the absolute age of rocks and minerals that contain radioactive isotopes. |
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