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| Largest portion of the brain, divided into left and right hemispheres. The cerebrum controls the skeletal muscles, interprets general senses, and contains centers for sight and hearing. Intellect memory, and emotional reactions also take place in the cerebrum. |
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| Spaces within the brain that contain a fluid called cerebrospinal fluid. The cerebrospinal fluid flows through the subarachnoid space around the brain and spinal chord. |
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| Connects with the spinal cord, ten of the 12 cranial nerves originate in the brainstem. |
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| Literally menas bridge. It connects the cerebrum with the cerebellum and brainstem. |
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| Located between the pons and spinal cord. It contains centers that control respiration, heart rate, and the muscles in the blood vessel walls, which assist in determining blood pressure. |
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| Most superior portion of the brainstem. |
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| Clear, colorless fluid contained in the ventricles that flows through the subarachnoid space around the brain and spinal cord. It cushions the brain and spinal cord from shock, transports nutrients, and clears metabolic waste. |
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| Passes through the vertebral canal extending from the medulla oblongata to the level of the second lumbar vertebra. The spinal cord conducts nerve impulses to and from the brain and initiates reflex action to sensory information without input from the brain. |
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| Three layers of membrane that cover the brain and spinal cord. Consists of dura mater, arachnoid, and pia matter. |
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| Tough outer layer of the meninges. |
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| Delicate middle layer of the menignes. The arachnoid membrane is loosely attached to the pia mater by web-like fibers, which allow for the subarachnoid space. |
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| Thin inner layer of the meninges. |
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| Cord-like structure that carries impulses from one part of the body to another. There are 12 piars of cranial nerves and 31 pairs of spinal nerves. |
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| Group of nerve cell bodies located outside the central nervous system. |
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| Also called neuroglia; Cells that form support and nourish nervous tissue. Some cells assist in the secretion of cerebrospinal fluid and others assist with phagocytosis. They do not conduct impulses. Three types of glia are astroglia, oligodendroglia, and microglia. |
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| Peripheral Nervous System |
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| Consists of Brain and Spinal Cord |
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| Peripheral Nervous System |
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| Made up of cranial nerves which carry impulses between the brain, neck and head, & spinal nerves which carry messages between the spinal cord and abdomen, limbs, and chest. |
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| Conducts nerve impulses to carry out the function of the nervous system. Destroyed neurons cannot be replaced. |
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| 2 Combining forms for Ganglion |
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| Spinal Cord; (also means bone marrow) |
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| Nerve root (proximal end of a peripheral nerve, closest to the spinal cord); Also Rhiz/o |
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| Nerve root (proximal end of a peripheral nerve, closest to the spinal cord); Also Radic/o, Radicul/o |
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| Sensation, sensitivity, feeling |
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| Specialist, physician (also logist) |
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| Cerebral Clot, symptoms may appear from minutes to days after an obstruction occurs (a type of ishemic stroke). |
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Different Types:
Aphasia: Inability to speak properly
Expressive Aphasia: A person knows what to say but has trouble coming up with the correct word or words.
Receptive Aphasia: Random replacement or conjuration of words causing frequent incoherence. |
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| The most common and most malignant tumor of the brain. |
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| Tumor composed of the glial tissue (glioma is the term now used to describe all primary neoplasms of the brain and spinal cord. |
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| Benign and Slow Growing Tumor of the Meninges. |
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| What you would think; also called myelomeningocele. |
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| Disease affecting a single nerve (such as carpal tunnel syndrome). |
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| Inflammation of the gray matter of the spinal cord; also called Polio. Caused by one of three polio viruses. |
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| Disease of many nerves, most often occurs as a side effect of diabetes mellitus, but may also occur as a result of drug therapy, critical illness such as sepsis, or carcinoma; exhibiting symptoms of weakness, distal sensory loss, and burning. |
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| Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS) |
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| Progressive muscle atrophy caused by hardening of nerve tissue on the lateral columns of the spinal cord (also called Lou Gehrig Disease). |
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| Paralysis of muscles on one side of the face, usually a temporary condition. Signs include a sagging mouth on the affected side, and non-closure of the eyelid. |
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| Condition characterized by lack of muscle control and partial paralysis, caused by a brain defect or lesion present at birth or shortly after. |
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| Cognitive impairment characterized by a loss of intellectual brain function. Patients have difficulty in various ways, including difficulty in performing complex tasks, reasoning, learning, and retaining new information, orientation, word finding, and behavior. Dementia has several causes and is not considered part of normal aging. |
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| Increased amount of cerebrospinal fluid in the ventricles of the brain, which can cause enlargement of the cranium in infants. |
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| A type of ischemic stroke; symptoms include dyspnea, dysphagia, aphasia, diminished level of consciousness, and hemiparesis. Frequently associated with high blood pressure. |
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| Degenerative disease characterized by sclerotic patches along the brain and spinal cord. |
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| Chronic degenerative disease of the central nervous system. Symptoms include resting tremors of the hands and feet, rigidity, expressionless face, and shuffling gait. Usually occurs after age 50. |
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| Inflammation of the sciatic nerve, causing pain that travels from the thigh through the leg to the foot and toes; can be caused by injury, infection, arthritis, herniated disk, or from prolonged pressure on the nerve from sitting for long periods. |
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| Viral disease that affects the peripheral nerves and causes blisters ton the skin that follow the course of the affected nerves (also called herpes zoster). |
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| Occurs when there is an interruption of blood supply to a region of the brain, depriving nerve cells in the affected area of oxygen and nutrients. The cells cannot perform and may be damaged or die within minutes. The parts of the body controlled by the involved cells will experience dysfunction. Speech, movement, memory, and other CNS functions may be affected in varying degrees. |
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Ischemic- The result of a blocked blood vessel.
Hemorrhagic- The result of bleeding. Also called Cerebrovascular Accident (CVA) or Brain Attack |
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| A hemorrhagic stroke that rapidly fills the space between the brain and skull with blood. The patient may experience an intense, sudden headache accompanied by nausea, vomiting, and neck pain. |
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| Transient Ischemic Attack (TIA) |
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| Sudden deficient supply of blood to the brain lasting a short time. The symptoms may be similar to those of stroke, but with TIA the symptoms are temporary and the usual outcome is complete recovery. TIAs are often warning signs from eventual occurrence of a stroke. |
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| Radiographic Imaging of the blood vessels in the brain (after an injection of contrast medium). |
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| Process of recording (scan) the spinal cord (after an injection of a contrast agent into the subarachnoid space by lumbar puncture. |
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| Computed Tomography of the brain (CT scan) |
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| Process that includes the use of a computer to produce a series of brain tissue images at any desired depth. The procedure is noninvasive, painless, and particularly useful in diagnosing brain tumors. |
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| A noninvasive technique that produces sectional images of soft tissues of the brain or spine through a strong magnetic field. Non-radioactive. |
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| A Radioactive imaging; produces sectional imaging of the brain to examine blood flow and metabolic activity. Images are projected on a viewing screen. |
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| Evoked Potential Studies (EP studies) |
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| A group of diagnostic tests that measure changes in brain waves elicited by visual, auditory, or somatosensory stimuli. Visual evoked response (VER) is a response to visual stimuli. Auditory evoked response (AER) is a response to auditory stimuli. |
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| Insertion of a needle into the subarachnoid space usually between the third and fourth lumbar vertebrae. It is performed for many reasons, including the removal of cerebrospinal fluid for diagnostic purpose (also called spinal tap) |
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| Without (loss of) feeling or sensation. |
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| Total paralysis; Also Called Pamplegia. |
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| Conveying toward a center. |
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| Lack of muscle coordination. |
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| Pertaining to the mental processes of comprehension, judgment, memory, and reason. |
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| State of profound unconsciousness. |
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| Sudden, involuntary contraction of a group of muscles; aka seizure. |
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| The inability to use speech that is distinct and connected because of a loss of muscle control after damage to the peripheral or central nervous system. |
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| Tube implanted in the body to redirect the flow of a fluid. |
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| Fainting or sudden loss of consciousness caused by lack of blood supply to the cerebrum. |
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| Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder |
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| Post Traumatic Stress Disorder |
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| Disorders characterized by physical symptoms for which no known physical cause exists. |
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| Transient Ischemic Attack |
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