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Nervous system
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28
Psychology
Undergraduate 1
02/08/2018

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Term
Anterior
Definition
Toward the front end (antonym of posterior)
Term
Autonomic nervous system (ANS)
Definition
The part of the PNS that influences the function of internal organs. The ANS acts largely unconsciously and regulates the heart rate, digestion, respiratory rate, pupillary response, urination, and sexual arousal.
Term
Brainstem
Definition
The posterior part of the brain, adjoining and structurally continuous with the spinal cord. In humans, it is usually described as including the medulla oblongata, pons, and midbrain.
Term
Brodmann area
Definition
A region of the cerebral cortex that is defined by its cytoarchitecture, or histological structure and organization of cells.
Term
Cerebellum
Definition
A large, highly convoluted (in-folded)structure located dorsal to the brain stem at the level of the pons. Also known as “little cerebrum”
Term
Cerebral cortex
Definition
Cerebral cortex ................... The layered sheet of neurons that covers the surface of the brain and contains the machinery for creating perception, as well other functions, such as language, memory, and thinking. It is divided in two (lateral) hemispheres, each containing four major lobes.
Term
Contralateral
Definition
On the opposite side of the body (antonym of ipsilateral).
Term
Coronal plane
Definition
A plane that shows brain structures as seen from the front. Also called frontal plane.
Term
Distal
Definition
Located more distant from the point of origin or attachment (antonym of proximal).
Term
Dorsal
Definition
Toward the back, away from the ventral (stomach) side. The top of the brain is considered dorsal because it has this position in four-legged animals (antonym of ventral).
Term
Frontal lobe
Definition
One of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex.
Term
Gray matter
Definition
A major component of the central nervous system that contains primarily neuronal cell bodies.
Term
Inferior
Definition
Below another part (antonym of superior)
Term
Ipsilateral
Definition
On the same side of the body (such as two parts on the left, antonym of contralateral).
Term
Lateral
Definition
Toward the side, away from the midline (antonym of medial).
Term
Medial
Definition
Toward the midline, away from the side (antonym of lateral).
Term
Occipital lobe
Definition
One of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex, which holds amongst others the primary visual cortex.
Term
Parietal lobe
Definition
One of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex, which holds amongst others the primary somatosensory cortex.
Term
Posterior
Definition
Toward the rear end (antonym of anterior).
Term
Proximal
Definition
Located close (approximate) to the point of origin or attachment (antonym of distal).
Term
Sagittal plane
Definition
A plane that shows brain structures as seen from the side.
Term
Somatic nervous system
Definition
The part of the PNS that is associated with body movements through the control of skeletal (voluntary) muscles and with the reception of external stimuli.
Term
Superior
Definition
Above another part (antonym of inferior).
Term
Temporal lobe
Definition
One of the four major lobes of the cerebral cortex, which holds amongst others the primary auditory cortex.
Term
Thalamus
Definition
A group of nuclei, which provide primary sensory relay for somatosensory, gustatory, auditory, visual, and vestibular sensory inputs to the cerebral cortex.
Term
Transverse plane
Definition
A plane that shows brain structures as seen from above. Also called horizontal plane.
Term
Ventral
Definition
Toward the stomach, away from the dorsal (back) side (antonym of dorsal).
Term
White matter
Definition
A major component of the central nervous system that contains millions myelinated axons (i.e., the wires between neuronal cell bodies).
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