Term
| Central Nervous System Parts |
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Definition
Cerebral cortex
Basal Ganglia: coordinates involuntary motion (walking arm swing etc)
Thalamus: Sensory relay
Hypothalamus: temp, bp etc control and emotion
Cerebellum: vol motor control but no initiation
Brain Stem: ascending and descending fibers
Spinal Cord |
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Term
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Definition
Front lobe
Parietal lobe
Occipital Lobe
Wenicke's area: language comprehension
Broca's area: expression
Temporal lobe |
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Term
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Definition
Paralysis: complete loss of muscle f(x)
Paresis: Muscle weakness |
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Term
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Definition
Headache
Head injury
Dizziness/Vertigo (syncope vs vertigo)
Seizures
Tremors (intention tremors are tremors only when you go to do something, many tremors are alcohol withdrawl)
Weakness
Incoordination (dysmetria)
Numbness/tinglying (paresthesia)
Difficulty swallowing (disphagia)
Difficulty speaking (dysarthria/dysphagia)
History |
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Term
| Dysphagia vs dysarthria vs dysphasia |
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Definition
Dysphagia: trouble swallowing
Dysarthria: trouble getting woulds out but they make sense
Dysphasia: undertanding trouble/dont make sense |
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Term
| Critical findings in history |
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Definition
Sudden decline in alertness
Sudden change in speech
Signs of stroke or TIA (transient ischemic attack)
Sudden onset severe headache
Signs of raised ICP
Sudden weakness/numbness/eye movement or x2 vision
Seizures |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
Mental health
Cranial Nerves
Motor System
Sensory System
Reflexes |
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Term
| Immediate, recent and remote memory |
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Definition
Immediate
Recent: within 24 hrs
Remote: far things (years) |
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Term
| Word testing. How and why |
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Definition
remember 4 unrelated words in 5,10,30 mins.
Checks for new memory formation |
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Term
| A screening tool for dimensia and delerium |
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Definition
MoCA
scored out of 30, over 26 is all good |
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Term
| CRANIAL NERVES AAAAAHHHHH (number, nerve and type) |
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Definition
I: Olfactory, S
II: Optic, S
III: Occulomotor, M
IV: Trochlear, M
V: Trigeminal, S+M
VI: Abducens: M
VII: Facial: S+M
VIII: Acoustic, S
IX: Glosopharyngeal, S+M
X: Vagus, S+M
XI: Spinal Accessory, M
XII: Hypoglossal, M |
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Term
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Definition
| Sensory, Sense of smell, only test if they report it changed |
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Term
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Definition
| Sensory, Test visual acuity, visual fields, opthalmoscope to asses optic disc |
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Term
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Definition
| Motor, Pupillary light response, Fields of gaze |
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Term
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Definition
| Motor, Asses III, IV and VI together! |
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Term
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Definition
Sensory and Motor, Light touch to forehead, cheek and chin on both sides
Palpate mastication muscles when clenhing, try to open mount while clenching |
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Term
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Definition
| Test III, IV and VI together Motor |
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Term
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Definition
| Sensory! Whispered voice test, Weber and Rinne |
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Term
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Definition
Sensory and Motor, Sensory only tested if problem reported: Test with sour taste on tongue and have patient id it.
Motor: Smile, frown, close eyes, show teeth, puff cheeks |
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Term
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Definition
Motor and sensory, Say ahh (check dangle, should go straight up), gag reflex
Back of tongue is also done by this nerve, so can put something sour here |
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Term
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Definition
| Sensory and Motor, Test with IX |
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Term
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Definition
| Motor, Rotate head and shrug shoulders against resistence |
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Term
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Definition
| Motor, say light, tight and dynaminte and inspect |
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Term
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Definition
| Size, Strength, Tone, Involuntary Movements |
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Term
| Test Cerebellar Funcation |
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Definition
Balance Tests (Gait, heel-toe (tanda), Romberg (foot together eyes closed)
Coordination tests: Rapid alternating movements (hand flipping), Finger to Finger test and heel to shin test |
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Term
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Definition
Spinothalamic Tract: Pain, temperature, light touch (do sharp vs dull)
Posterior Column Test: Vibration, position, tactile discrimination (something familiar in hand /w eyes closed) |
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Term
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Definition
Sterognosis: Close eyes and put something familiar in hand
Graphesthesia: Trace # on hand
Two points or one point touching |
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Term
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Definition
Deep Tendon Reflexes: bicep, tricep, branchioradialis, patellar, achilles
Superficial tendon reflexes: abdominal, cremasterie, plantar |
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Term
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Definition
| Superficial. Scratch along abdomen, muscles should scrinch to meet you |
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Term
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Definition
| Gently scratch upper thigh, testicles should shrink up |
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Term
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Definition
| scape up foot, toes should curl under and not fan out (fanning is babinski and is normal in babies but abnormal in non babies) |
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Term
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Definition
C5 to C6
Support arm, put thumb over brachial pulse area, hit your thumb with pointed end of hammer
Contraction of bicep and forarm flexion |
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Term
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Definition
C7 to C8
Suspend upper arm and hit pointed end of hammer in soft pocket just above elbow
Forearm extension |
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Term
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Definition
L2 to L4
Dangle lower legs, hit /w wide end just below patella
Extends lower leg
If supine use your arm to support leg |
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Term
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Definition
L5 to S2
Knee flex, hip externally rotated, flex foot and strick achilles tendon. Foot should plantar flex against hand |
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Term
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Definition
LOC
Motor function
PERRLA
Vital Signs |
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Term
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Definition
For scoring LOC
Based on eye opening, motor response and verbal response to stimuli
Scored out of 15 |
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