Term
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Definition
| nucleus, endoplasmic reticulum, and ribosomes |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| nerve fiber that sends electrical message |
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Term
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Definition
| Produces myelin, an insulating sheath. Called Shwann cells in peripheral n.s. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Neurons have a ____ int. environment of ____ mV |
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Definition
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Term
| Describe K+/Na+ inside and outside cell |
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Definition
| At rest, K+ is high inside cell and Na+ is low; outside, the opposite is true |
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Term
| Describe role of ATP in K+/Na+ balance |
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Definition
| Active transport; 3 Na+ are moved out of the cell for every 2 K+ moved in, creating a neg. int. environment |
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Term
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Definition
| Excitatory input makes cell less negative, to reach threshold value (-55 to -40 mv) |
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Term
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Definition
| Inhibitory input makes cell more negative |
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Term
| Absolute refractory period |
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Definition
| No stimulus can trigger an action potential |
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Term
| Relative refractory period |
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Definition
| Greater than normal stimulus required to trigger an action potential |
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Term
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Definition
| Na+ rushes in through voltage-gated ion channels, causing adjacent regions to open along the axon, propagating an impulse in a wavelike fashion |
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Term
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Definition
| A neuron that signals to a gland or muscle |
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Term
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Definition
| Recycle released neurotransmitters into the presynaptic neuron |
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Term
| Afferent vs. efferent neurons |
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Definition
| Afferent carry information from periphery to brain/spinal cord, efferent work in opposite direction |
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Term
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Definition
| Collection of soma that cluster in peripheral nervous system |
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Term
| Gray matter vs. white matter |
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Definition
| Gray matter is unmyelinated |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of forebrain containing left/right hemispheres as well as cerebral cortex |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of forebrain containing hypothalamus and thalamus |
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Term
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Definition
| Receives motor instruction from forebrain and passes to hindbrain; gives sensory info to forebrain |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of brain stem (hind brain)"Quality control": coordination |
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Term
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Definition
| Part of brain stem, modulates ventilation and heart rates, and gastrointestinal tone |
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Term
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Definition
| Cervical, thoracic, lumbar, and sacral |
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Term
| Sensory/motor doral/ventral relation |
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Definition
| In spinal cord, sensory neurons enter on dorsal, and motor neurons exit on ventral |
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Term
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Definition
| Cell bodies of sensory neurons in spin |
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Term
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Definition
| Single synapsae b/w sensory neuron and motor neuron, e.g. knee-jerk reflex |
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Term
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Definition
| At least 1 interneuron b/w sensory and motor neuron, e.g. withdrawal reflex |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Int. parameters: blood volume, pH, partial pressure of CO2 |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Ext. parameters: light, sound, touch, taste, pain, temperature |
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Term
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Definition
| Beneath sclera; supplies eye w/ nutrients & 02 |
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Term
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Definition
| Innermost layer containing photoreceptors, sends info to brain |
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Term
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Definition
| Transparent structure which bends and focuses light |
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Term
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Definition
| Muscular, pigmented area which adjusts amount of light by altering diameter of pupil |
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Term
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Definition
| Adjusts thickness of lens which focuses the image on the retina |
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Term
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Definition
| Rods do black/white images in low-intensity illumination, cones do color |
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Term
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Definition
| Axon bundle of ganglion cells exiting back of the eye |
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Term
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Definition
| Beginning of middle ear, receives info from outer ear |
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Term
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Definition
| malleus, incus, and stapes-transmit info through oval window to inner ear |
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Term
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Definition
| Contains hair cells which are depolarized by fluid waves generating action potential |
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Term
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Definition
| 3 per ear (x,y,z coordinates), filled with endolymph fluid, useful for integrating balance |
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