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Nervous System
conlonnn
33
Physiology
12th Grade
12/07/2011

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Term
Properties of neurons
Definition
long lengths
long lives
lose their ability to divide (damage is usually permanent)
require a huge supply of oxygen & glucose (can't go more than a few minutes)
Term
Nerves
Definition
groups of axons bundled together like a cable that transmits impulses back and forth between the CNS and the body
Term
synapse
Definition
place where impulses are transmitted from one neuron to another
presynaptic to post-synaptic neurons
Term
Neurotransmitters
Definition
chemicals by which neurons communicate with each other
Term
vesicles
Definition
bags of neurotransmitters that release their contents into the synaptic cleft when triggered by an action potential
Term
receptors
Definition
attachment sites of neurotransmitters
can stimulate or inhibit the post-synaptic neurons
Term
synaptic knob
Definition
the bulge at the end of the presynaptic axon
Term
synaptic cleft
Definition
the space between the synaptic knob and the plasma membrane of the post-synaptic neuron
Term
plasma membrane
Definition
area of the post-synaptic neuron that receives the stimulus
Term
propagation of an action potential on a myelinated axon
Definition
the action potential "jumps" from one Node of Ranvier to another because of the myelin sheaths
Term
Saltatory Conduction
Definition
the "jumping" of the action potential from one node to another
allows for extremely rapid impulse transmission
Term
6 Steps of Info Transfer Across the Synapse
Definition
1. impulse reaches the synaptic knob in the presynaptic neuron
2. Vesicles release their neurotransmitters
3. Neurotransmitters diffuse across the synaptic cleft
4. They bind to receptors on the post-synaptic neuron
5. This neuron is then either stimulated or inhibited
6. Neurotransmitters are either degraded by enzymes and diffuse, or are taken back to the synaptic knob
Term
Dopamine
Definition
Neurotransmitter
"feel good"
cocaine prohibits the production of more
causes Parkinsons and Schizophrenia
Term
Serotonin
Definition
Neurotransmitter
May play a role in sleep, appetite, and regulation of mood
Prozac prohibits it because it relieves anxiety and depression
Term
Norepinephrine
Definition
Neurotransmitter
"feel good"
amphetamines enhance its release
Term
Acetylcholine
Definition
Neurotransmitter
excitatory to skeletal muscles
nerve gas and insecticides prolong its effects (causes muscle spasms)
snake venoms and botulism toxin inhibit its release
Term
Cranial Nerves
Definition
part of the peripheral nervous system
12 pairs attached to the underside of the brain
most from the brainstem, such as optic nerves, optic chiasma, & olfactory bulbs
Term
Spinal Nerves
Definition
part of the peripheral nervous system
31 pairs of nerves attached to the spinal cord
Term
Dermatomes
Definition
skin surface areas that are supplied by a single spinal nerve
Term
medulla oblongata
Definition
cardiac, respiratory, and vasomotor control center
Term
pons
Definition
influences respiration
Term
midbrain
Definition
relay site for auditory and visual impulses
Term
cerebellum
Definition
plays an important role in balance, coordination, and movements
Term
cerebrum
Definition
associated with complex though, memory, and emotion
Term
hypothalamus
Definition
exerts control over major organs in the body
maintains body temperature
helps with water balance, sleep cycles, and appetite
Term
thalamus
Definition
produces sensations
associates senses with emotion, alertness, and arousal
Term
gyrus
Definition
elevated ridges
Term
sulcus
Definition
shallow grooves
Term
fissure
Definition
deep grooves
Term
frontal lobe
Definition
conscious thought
Term
parietal lobe
Definition
integrates sensory information
manipulates objects
Term
temporal lobe
Definition
sense of smell and sound
processes facial expressions and scenes
Term
occipital lobe
Definition
sense of light
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