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Nervous System
MT1
26
Physiology
Undergraduate 1
01/13/2011

Additional Physiology Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
afferent neuron
Definition
sends information from sensory receptors to "main controller"
Term
efferent neuron
Definition
send signals from main controller to peripheral nerves
Term
effector organ
Definition
causes an effect that counteracts a change that has occurred after getting signals from the main controller
Term
glial cells
Definition

support cells

astrocytes and oligodendrites

Term
Functions of Brain Stem
Definition
Controls basal body functions and balance
Term
Grey matter in spinal cord
Definition
cell body of neurons
Term
white matter in spinal cord
Definition
axons of neurons
Term
Functions of Spinal Cord
Definition

House afferent sensory neurons

House lower motor neurons

lowest level processing of sensory input

mediates reflexes

Term
Sensory Transduction
Definition
Converting different energy forms/stimuli into a common language - the action potential
Term
3 Properties of Receptors
Definition
  • Specific to the stimuli that they detect
  • limited receptive field
  • allow detection of stimulus strength
  • some have support structures
  • some receptors habituate to stimuli
Term
How mechanoreceptors work
Definition
Pressure or bending on the tips of the hair cells opens the channels within the receptor that then releases Na+ ions to a nearby awaiting neuron which then becomes depolarized causing an action potential
Term
rhodopsin
Definition
light sensative pigment that detects photons
Term
Pinna
Definition
Outer part of the ear
Term
Auditory Canal
Definition
Inner part of the ear
Term
cochlea
Definition

filled with hair cells that transduce sound waves

tonotopic representation in cochlea and in brain

Term
Vestibular system
Definition
detects linear accelleration, rotational accelleration and gravity
Term
semi-circular canals
Definition

organs located in the inner ear that detect rotational accelleration

three canals set on the x, y, and z axis. When hair cells in each are stimulated you can tell which way your head is moving

Term
otolith organ
Definition
uses hair cells to detect linear motion; up and down, and forward and backward
Term

Ion concentratinos of a neuron at resting potential

 

Definition

Higher concentration of Na on the outside of the cell than on the inside, which has a higher concentratino fo K

higher concentration of anions (negatively charged ions) that are permanently inside the cell

Term
Cause of resting membrane potential
Definition
  • negatively charged anions within the cell that never leave
  • passive outflow of K+ ions
  • Na+/K+ ATPase maintains the concentration
Term
Na+/K+ ATPase
Definition
  • An enzyme that pumps Na+ back out and K+ back in a 2:3 ratio, which keeps the neuron from reaching equilibrium
  • Found in nearly every neuron and uses a lot of ATP!
Term
Action Potential
Definition
Action Potential comes along and Na+ starts flowing into the cell, which depolarizes the membrane until it reaches the threshold potential at which time the voltage gated channels open up and Na comes into the cell and K leaves the cell.
Term
Myelin Sheath
Definition
  • Made of Shwann cells or Oligodendrocytes
  • Fatty sheath around the axon that allows for saltatory conduction
  • Not all neurons are myelinated
Term
Synaptic Vessicles
Definition
  • Contain neurotransmitters
  • stored in the axon terminal
Term
Presynaptic Membrane
Definition
After receiving an action potential, vessicles fuse with the presynaptic membrane to release NT
Term
Receptor
Definition
NT diffuses into tcleft the connects to receptor on target tissue
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