Term
| What is the nervous system? |
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Definition
| The system that enables the body to respond and adapt to changes that occur both in side and outside the body |
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Term
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Definition
| Nerve cell; structural unit of the nervous system |
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Term
| What are the three parts of a neuron? |
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Definition
| Cell body, Axon (carries impulses away from the cell body), and Dendrites (carries impulses toward the cell body) |
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Term
| What is the myelin sheath? |
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Definition
| Made of lipids and increases the rate of nerve transmissions and insulates the axon (from other axons) |
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Term
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Definition
| Junction between an axon and a dendrite; It is a space and the impulse is transferred across the space [It's the whole connection] |
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Term
| What is a neurotransmitter? |
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Definition
| The chemical that carries the impulse across the synapse |
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Term
| What is the synaptic gap? |
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Definition
| The actual free space between two nerves |
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Term
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Definition
| A combination of many nerve fibers located outside the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
| What is an afferent cell? |
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Definition
| Sensory; nerve carries impulses toward the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
| What is an efferent cell? |
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Definition
| Motor; nerve carries impulses away from the brain and spinal cord |
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Term
| What is an associative or internuncial cell? |
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Definition
| Carries both sensory and motor nerves |
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Term
| What are the two main divisions of the nervous system? |
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Definition
| Central Nervous System (CNS) and Peripheral Nervous System (PNS) |
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Term
| What is a autonomic nervous system? |
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Definition
| The part of the PNS that controls involuntary body functions |
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Term
| What is the largest part of the brain? |
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Definition
| Cerebrum (Frontal part makes you, you) |
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Term
| What is the function of the cerebrum? |
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Definition
| Reasoning, thought, memory, speech, sensation, sight, smell, hearing, and voluntary body movements. "where you reside" the front part or frontal lobe |
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Term
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Definition
| Below the back of the cerebrum |
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Term
| What is the function of the cerebellum? |
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Definition
| Muscle coordination, balance, posture, and muscle tone |
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Term
| What is the function of the thalamus? |
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Definition
| Send sensory date to the cerebrum |
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Term
| What is the function of the hypothalamus? |
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Definition
| Regulates and controls autonomic nervous system, temperature, appetite, water balance, sleep, blood vessel constriction/dilation, and some emotions |
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Term
| What is the function of the midbrain? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the function of the pons? |
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Definition
| Chewing, taste, saliva production, some respiration |
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Term
| What is the function of the medulla oblongata? |
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Definition
| Lowest part of brain connected to spinal cord, regulates heartbeat, swallowing, coughing, and blood pressure |
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Term
| What are some functions of the spinal column? |
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Definition
| Reflex arcs, afferent (sensory) and efferent (motor) impulses to and from the brain |
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Term
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Definition
| Surround the brain and spinal column and have three layers |
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Term
| What are the three layers of the meninges? |
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Definition
1. Dura matter
2. Arachnoid matter
3. Pia matter |
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Term
| How many ventricles are there and what are they? |
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Definition
| 4; spaces in the brain connected and contain CSF and include the subarachnoid space |
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Term
| Where can CSF be found and where is it made? |
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Definition
| Ventricles, spine, subarachnoid space; ventricles |
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Term
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Definition
| Shock absorber for brain, some nutrition and waste removal. fluid circulates and then is removed to blood stream by the arachnoid villi |
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Term
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Definition
| Everything except the brain and spinal column |
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Term
| How many cranial nerves are there? |
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Definition
| 12; control head mostly (2 are outside) |
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Term
| How many spinal nerve pairs are there and what do they do? |
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Definition
| 31 pairs; they control everything else, somatic, or peripheral nervous system |
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Term
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Definition
| Contain nerve body and is a part of reflex arcs |
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Term
| What is the autonomic nervous system? |
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Definition
| Part of the PNS that allows the body to react in times of an emergency |
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Term
| What are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system? |
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Definition
| Sympathetic and parasympathetic |
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Term
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Definition
| "Fight or flight" response by- increasing heart rate, respiration, and blood pressure while slowing the digestive tract |
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Term
| What is the parasympathetic? |
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Definition
| Opposite of sympathetic, decreases heart rate, respirations, blood pressure, and increases digestive tract |
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Term
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Definition
| No cure, exaggerated reflexes, tense muscles, contracture of development, speech impairment, spasms, tremors and sometimes mental retardation |
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Term
| How many types of cerebral palsy are there and what are they? |
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Definition
| 3; spastic (most common), Athetoid, Atactic |
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Term
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Definition
| Cerebrovascular accident (stroke or apoplexy) poor blood flow to the brain causing death to brain tissue. |
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Term
| What are the causes of CVA? |
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Definition
| Blood clot, aneurysm, hypertension, occlusion |
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Term
| What are symptoms of CVA? |
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Definition
| Weakness, paralysis, hemiplegia (on one side), dizziness, dysphagia (difficulty swallowing), mental confusion, aphasia, and incontinence |
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Term
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Definition
| Inflammation of brain from virus, bacteria, chemicals, parasites |
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Term
| What are the symptoms of encephalitis? |
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Definition
| Headache, vomiting, stiff neck/back, disorientation, seizures, and coma |
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Term
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Definition
| Abnormal electrical impulses in brain |
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Term
| What are the causes of epilepsy? |
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Definition
| Brain injury from birth trauma, tumors, toxins, carbon monoxide, infections, and idiopathic (not a clue) |
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Term
| How many types of epilepsy are there and what are they? |
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Definition
| 2; petite mal and grand mal |
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Term
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Definition
| Small ones can go unnoticed in children as they appear to be daydreaming |
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Term
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Definition
| Bad ones, loss of consciousness, convulsions, shaking, thrashing, hyper salivation, foaming at mouth, loss of body functions; treat with anticonvulsant drugs |
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Term
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Definition
| "Water in the head" too much CSF, birth defect, tumor or infection. In children- abnormally large head, bulging eyes and distended, scalp veins; treatment-drain fluid with a "shunt" |
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Term
| What is multiple sclerosis? |
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Definition
| Chronic loss of myelin sheath in the CNS and usually starts age 20-40 after you get spastic, tremors, weakness, difficulty speaking, incontinence, confined to wheel chair and later death |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Paraplegic (legs), quadriplegic (arms and legs), hemiplegic (right or left side) |
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Term
| What is Parkinson's disease? |
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Definition
| Degenerative brain cells- no cure. Usually over 50. Shakes etc. |
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Term
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Definition
| Herpes zoster, chicken pox, hides in ganglion of nerves. Comes out to play later on. Very painful, vesicles and rash, redness, itching, weird sensations |
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