Term
| what is the nervous system divided up into? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the afferent/efferent neurons? |
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Definition
| afferent: sensory. efferent: motor. |
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Term
| what is the CNS divided into? |
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Definition
| the spinal cord and brain. the brain is then broken into the cerebrum, cerebellum, and brainstem. the brainstem is broken into the midbrain, pons and medulla. the cerebrum is broken down into the diencephalon and cerebral hemisphere. the diencephalon is broken down into the thalamus and hypothalamus. the cerebral hemisphere is broken down into the cerebral cortex, basal ganglia, and hippocampus amygdala. |
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Term
| what is the PNS divided into? |
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Definition
| afferent/efferent cranial+spinal nerves (after exiting the skull+vertebral column) which make up the somatic (voluntary skeletal muscles which react to outside stimuli) and autonomic nervous systems (sympathetic/parasympathetic - involuntary: maintains homeostasis via control of cardiac+smooth muscle and glands) |
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Term
| what "nucleus" referring to in this course? |
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Definition
| a group of cell bodies in the brain |
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Term
| what are the basic functions of the medulla? |
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Definition
| keeping the body alive, cardiac/pulm/etc |
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Term
| what are the basic functions of the thalamus? |
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Definition
| filtering information which reaches the cerebrum (control center of the brain) |
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Term
| what are the basal ganglia associated w/? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are the hippocampus+amygdala (limbic system) associated with? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is in the supratentorial fossa/region? what is below this? |
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Definition
| everything above the falx cerebelli (mainly the cerebral cortex+diencephalon - divided into the anterior and middle cranial fossae). below the falx cerebelli is the posterior fossa (mainly the cerebellum+midbrain). |
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Term
| what divides the L and R cerebrum? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the anterior portion of the brain called? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the posterior portion of the brain called? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the axial perspective of the brain? |
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Definition
| a slice cutting horizontally through the brain |
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Term
| what is the coronal perspective of the brain? |
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Definition
| a slice cutting vertically, preserving bilaterality (face-on) |
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Term
| what is the sagittal perspective of the brain? |
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Definition
| a slice cutting vertically, separating the bilateral structure in half |
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Term
| what surrounds the CNS before it becomes PNS? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| a fold or ridge in the cerebral cortex surface between adjacent sulci |
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Term
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Definition
| the groove found between gyri |
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Term
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Definition
| a deep sulcus (most classic being the longitudinal) |
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Term
| what is the difference between gray and white matter? |
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Definition
| gray matter makes up the neural cell bodies and is located in the cortex and deep nuclei (brain surface). white matter is the myelinated axonal nerve fiber (center of brain). |
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Term
| what are the 2 main types of cells seen in the CNS? |
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Definition
| neurons (pyramidal) and glial cells: oligodendrocytes (form myelin sheaths - only in CNS so NOT schwann cells), astrocytes, ependymal (produce CSF), and microglial (CNS macrophages). |
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Term
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Definition
| a small bundle of axonal fibers (a few mm) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| axons which project directly into the thalamus |
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Term
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Definition
| a large group of fibers (large - thumb size) |
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Term
| what is an upper motor neuron? |
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Definition
| neurons whose axons project from the cerebral cortex/brainstem to the spinal cord/cranial nerve motor nucleus (in brainstem). these provide more tonal control (not reflex arcs), so if they have a lesion = spasticity. |
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Term
| what is a lower motor neuron? |
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Definition
| a neuron whose axons project from the spinal cord or brainstem to target muscles. if there is a lesion involving these = vesiculations and eventual loss of the target muscle control. |
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