Term
| What are the steps involved in a neural reflex? |
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Definition
1. Arrival of Stimulus
2. Activation of Sensory neurons
3. Information processing by postsynaptic cell
4. Activation of motor neuron
5. Response of peripheral effector |
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Term
| How are monosynaptic reflexes different from polysynaptic? give an example of each. |
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Definition
- Monosynaptic reflexes have least delay between sensory input and motor output: e.g. stretch reflex (patellar reflex)
- Polysynaptic reflexes produce more complicated responses because the interneruons control several muscle groups
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Term
| How are reflexes classified? |
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Definition
- their development
- the nature of the resulting motor response
- the complexity of the neural circuit involved
- site of information processing
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Term
How is the brain protected?
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Definition
- physical protection
- biochemical isolation
- Cranial Meninges
- Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF)
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Term
| What is the Function of cerebrospinal fluid? |
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Definition
To cushion delicate neural structures, support brain, and transport nutrients, chemical messengers, and waste.
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Term
| Where is the cerebellum located and what is its function? |
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Definition
| Below Occipital lobe and it adjusts postural muscles and fine-tunes conscious and subconscious movements |
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Term
| What are the parts of the diencephalon and what is its overall function? |
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Definition
| Left Thalamus, Right Thalamus, and Hypothalamus and its overall function is to integrate sensory information and motor commands |
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Term
| What is the function of the thalamus? |
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Definition
| Relay and process sensory information |
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Term
| what is the function of the hypothalamus? |
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Definition
| Hormone production, emotion, and autonomic function |
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Term
| name the parts of the brain stem. what are their functions? |
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Definition
- Mesencephalon-processes sight, sound, and associated reflexes
- Pons- Somatic and visceral motor control
- Medulla Oblongata-Regulates autonomic functions (heart rate, blood pressure, and digestion)
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Term
| What is the overall function of the cerebrum? |
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Definition
| Controls all conscious thoughts and intellectual functions |
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Term
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Definition
- Gyri- elevated ridges formed by cerebral cortex
- Sulci- shallow depressions which seperate the gyri
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Term
| What is the difference between whit and gray matter? |
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Definition
| White matter is myelinated and gray matter is not |
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Term
| Where are the motor and sensory areas of the cerebral cortex? |
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Definition
| Precentral gyrus of frontal lobe and postecentral gyrus of parietal lobe |
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Term
| What are association areas? |
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Definition
| regions of the cortex that interpret incoming data or coordinate a motor response (senses) |
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Term
| what is hemispheric lateralization? |
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Definition
| Functional differences between left and right hemispheres |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Describe the 4 different types of brain waves |
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Definition
- Alpha waves - found in healthy, awake adults at rest with eyes closed
- Beta Waves - higher frequence, found in adults concentrating or mentally stressed
- Theta Waves - found in children, intensely frustrated adults, indicates brain disorders in adults
- Delta Waves - during sleep, found in awake adults with brain damage.
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Term
| What is the anatomical difference between CNS and PNS? |
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Definition
CNS(Central Nervous System) consists of brain and spinal cord.
PNS(Peripheral Nervous System) is throughout the body. |
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Term
| What are the 2 divisions of the PNS? what are the major neurons in each? |
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Definition
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