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| radic/o, radicul/o, rhiz/o |
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| nerve root, proximal end of a peripheral nerve closest to spinal cord |
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| Glial cells or glia (also known as neuroglia), |
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| cells that support/nourish nervous tissue. are the connective, supportive tissue cells within the nervous system that do not carry impulses: 3 types- astroglia, oligodendroglia, microglia/neuroglia |
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| are the pair of cranial nerves primarily responsible for parasympathetic control over the heart and several other internal organs |
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| largest ortion of brain, left/right hemisphere, controls skeletal muscles interprets general senses such as temperature, pain and touch |
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| spaces within the brain that cotain fluid, called cerebrospinal fluid |
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| posterior to cerebrum, primitive brain for skeletal muscles and balance (hindbrain) |
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| stemlike portion of brain that connects w/ spinal cord, from top to bottom, midbrain, pons, medulla oblongata |
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| stemlike portion of brain that connects with the spinal cord, ten of 12 cranial nerves originate in brainstem.important reflex centers. These centers help to control respiration, heart rate, and the diameter of blood vessels |
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| "bridge" connects cerebrum with cerebellum and brainstem |
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| medulla oblongata (medull/o) |
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| btw pons and spinal chord, contains respiration, <3 rate, muscles in blood vessel walls that determine blood pressure |
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| most superior portion of the brainstem |
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| clear colorless fluid, in ventricles is shock absorber and nutrient/waste transporter |
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| 3 lyers of membrane that cover brain and spinal cord |
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| tough outer layer of meninges |
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| middle layer of meninges, weblike fibers attach it to pia matter ~ subarachnoid space |
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| cordlike structure that carries impulses from one part of the body to another |
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| group of nerve cell bodies outside of CNS |
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| conducts nerve impuses to carry out functions of nervous system. Destroyed neurons cannot be replaced |
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| One of the threadlike extensions of the cytoplasm of a neuron, which usually branch into treelike processes. |
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| The extension of a neuron by which impulses travel away from the cell body; capable of conduction action potentials. |
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| covers the axons of many nerves in the body |
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| clusters of cell bodies in CNS |
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| clusters of cell bodies in PNS |
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| sensation, sensitivity, feeling |
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| Afferent, or sensory, neurons |
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| send impulses to the brain and spinal cord from special receptors in all parts of the body |
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| Afferent, or sensory, neurons |
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| send impulses to the brain and spinal cord from special receptors in all parts of the body |
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| is the point of functional contact between neurons or between a neuron and an effector organ |
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| mesencephalon, in brainstem |
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| shown in the illustration, is a shallow depression on the surface of an organ, fissures are usu deeper |
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| is found in the lateral region of the cerebrum. This lobe is involved with the functions of hearing, taste, smell, and balance |
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| lies behind the frontal lobe and above the temporal lobe |
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| occupies a relatively small, pyramid-shaped area at the posterior of the cerebrum, has visual and imagry associated areas |
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| which contains the thalamus (thalam/o) and hypothalamus. |
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| sensory relay station, impulses to cerebral cortex |
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| activates and integrates functions of the autonomic nervous system and endocrine system, regulating functions like body temperature, appetite, emotional expression, and sleep cycles. |
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| cervical, thoracic, lumbar, sacral, and coccygeal nerves, in charge of reflex and sensory conduction |
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| so-called because the cell bodies and dendrites of what are, predominantly, interneurons and motor neurons, are unmyelinated and, thus, gray in color |
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| —a large bundle of myelinated axons—surrounds the core of the spinal cord |
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| large bundle of nerve fibers is divided into smaller bundles called .. |
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| clot in a blood vessel in the brain, type of ischemic stroke |
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| encephalomyeloradiculitis |
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| inflam of bain, spinal cord, and nerve roots |
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| tumor of glial tissue, most common and malignatnt brain tumor |
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| tumor of meninges, benign and slow growing |
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| tumor of meninges, benign and slow growing |
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| protrusion of meninges through a defect in skull or vertebral column |
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| protrusion of meninges and spinal cord through vertebral column, aka myelomeningocele |
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| disease affecting a single nerve like carpal tunnel syndrome |
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| disease of nerves and joints |
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| disease of nerves, peripheral |
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| inflam. of gray matter of spinal cord aka POLIO |
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| disease of many nerves, most often occurs as side effect of other diseasessymptoms of weakness distal sensory loss and burning |
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| inflammation of the nerve root, meninges and spinal cord |
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| pertaining to below dura mater, tumor of blood or collection of blood from a broken blood vessel |
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| early senility, confusion, loss of recognition of surroundings restlessness and impaired memory |
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| amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) |
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| progressive muscle atrophy caused by harening of nerve tissue on lateral columns of the spinal cord called Lou Gehrig disease |
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| paralysis of muscles on one side of the face usu a temporary condition, sagging side of face and closure of eye |
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| embolis, clot or plaque lodges in cerebral artery and blocks blood suply to brain tissue, type of ischemic often caused by heart attach |
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| lack of muslce control, partial paralysis from brain defect or lesion present at birth or shortly after |
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| cognitive impairment from losss of intellectual brain function, difficulty performing complex tasks |
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| lots of cerebrospinal fluid in ventricles |
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| bleeding into the brain from a ruptured blood vessel within the brain |
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| bleeding into brain from a ruptured blood vessel within the brain, type of ischemic stroke, associated with high blood pressure |
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| degenerative disease characterized by sclerotic patches along brain and spinal cord |
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| chronic degenerative disease of cns, tremors usu affects older people |
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| inflam. of sciatic nerve causing leg pain |
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| viral disease that affects peripheral nerves and causes blisters on skin that follow the course of affected nerves aka herpes zoster |
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| when there is an interruption of blood supply to a region of brain |
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| stroke from a blocked blood vessel |
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| hemorrhagic stroke aka cebrovascular accident CVA or brain attack |
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| bleeding from a ruptured blood vessel just outside of brin fill s space btw blood and skull (subarachnoid space) headache, nausea, vomiting, neck pain |
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| transient ischemic attack (TIA) |
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| sudden lack of blood to brain , short time like stroke but temporary and complete recovery, warning signs for stroke |
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