Term
| percentage of deaths caused by cancer in us |
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Definition
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Term
| most common cancers in males |
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Definition
| prostate, lung, and colon |
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Term
| most common cancers in females |
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Definition
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Term
| environmental factors that predispose to cancer are |
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Definition
| radiation and chemical pollution |
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Term
| geographical variations are mainly due to ... |
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Definition
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Term
| HSV-2 and HPV are linked to development of which 2 cancers? |
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Definition
| uterine cervix and lung carcinoma |
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Term
| what age is cancer most common? |
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Definition
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Term
| name 1 out of the 6 factors that predispose to cancer. |
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Definition
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Term
| name 1 out of the 6 factors that predispose to cancer. |
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Definition
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Term
| name 1 out of the 6 factors that predispose to cancer. |
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Definition
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Term
| name 1 out of the 6 factors that predispose to cancer. |
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Definition
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Term
| example of chronic irritation |
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Definition
| lip burns from pipe smokers. Increases cancer risk. |
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Term
| name 1 out of the 6 factors that predispose to cancer. |
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Definition
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Term
| name 1 out of the 6 factors that predispose to cancer. |
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Definition
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Term
| three categories of carcinogenic agents |
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Definition
| chemical, radiant energy, and oncogenic viruses |
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Term
| chemical carcinogenesis involves what 2 stages? |
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Definition
| initiation and promotion. |
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Term
| What is initiation? (in terms of carcinogenesis) |
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Definition
| production of irreversible changes to a cell's DNA |
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Term
| What is promotion? (interms of carcinogenesis) |
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Definition
| promoters induces tumor growth of already initiated cells. they cant act alone to cause tumor. |
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Term
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Definition
| contains the ability to initiate and promote a cell to become cancerous. |
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Term
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Definition
| several induces from all categories act synergistically to induce cancer. This concept may explain why cancer rates increase with age |
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Term
| Factors involved in the carcinogenic effect of chemical carcinogens? |
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Definition
| age, sex, race, hormonal and nutritional status |
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Term
| two forms of radiation carcinogens? |
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Definition
| uv ray and ionizing radiation? |
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Term
| what effect do UV rays have on cells? |
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Definition
| injures DNA, causes mutations and forms pyrimidine dimers- these cause transcpriptional error when not repaired. |
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Term
| What effect of ionizing radiation have on cells? |
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Definition
| DNA injury. thus it induces somatic dysfunctions. may also activate a proto-oncogene. |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| HPV is a precursor to (anything with epithelial cells) |
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Definition
palliomas of skin, larynx, and genitalia.
also skin cancer in pts with EV.(epridermodysplasia verruciformis)
carcinoma of cervix, vulva, and lung |
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Term
|
Definition
Burkitt lymphoma
immunoblastic lymphoma
nasopharyngeal carcinoma |
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Term
|
Definition
| adult t cell leukemia/lymphoma |
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Term
| acute transforming viruses |
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Definition
| induce protooncogene into viral oncogenes (v-onc) |
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Term
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Definition
| can cause rapid induction of tumors |
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Term
| slow transforming retroviruses |
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Definition
| induce neoplstic transformation by insertional mutagenesis, |
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Term
| insertional mutagenesis is.. |
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Definition
| proviral DNA is integrated into proto-oncogene and cause increased transcription and structural change converting the cell to a celluar oncogene (c-onc) |
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Term
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Definition
| genetic material carrying the potential to cause cancer and passed from parents to progeny |
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Term
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Definition
| normal cellular genes that affect growth and differeniation. become an oncogene when mutation causes cell to loss control of function. |
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Term
| what are three mechanisms that can activate proto-oncogenes |
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Definition
point mutations
translocations
gene amplification - poor prognosis when cancers have this characteristic |
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Term
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Definition
| genes that normally supress cell growth |
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Term
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Definition
| prevents cells from entering S phase of cell cycle |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| RB gene mutation seen in what type of cancers? |
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Definition
| retinoblastomas, osteosarcomas, breast, colon and lung cancers |
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Term
| TP53 (guardian gene) mutation seen in what type of cancer? |
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Definition
| leukemias, sarcomas, brain and breast cancers |
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Term
| BRCA gene mutations involved in what cancers? |
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Definition
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Term
| APC gene mutation involved in what cancers? |
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Definition
| adenomatous polyps of colon and colon cancer |
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Term
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Definition
| NEW guardian gene. mutation of this is observed in many cancers! |
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Term
| There are six changes that dictate malignant phenotype. Name one. (and example) |
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Definition
| self-sufficiency in growth signals (oncogenes) |
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Term
| There are six changes that dictate malignant phenotype. Name one. (and example) |
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Definition
| insensitivity to growth-inhibitory signals (anti-oncogene suppression) |
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Term
| There are six changes that dictate malignant phenotype. Name one. (and example) |
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Definition
| evasion of apoptosis (loss of FAS (CD95), P53, production of FLIP- deactivates procaspase 8) |
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Term
| There are six changes that dictate malignant phenotype. Name one. (and example) |
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Definition
| Limitless replicative potential (no telomere shortening) |
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Term
| There are six changes that dictate malignant phenotype. Name one. (and example) |
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Definition
| sustained angiogenesis (secretion of TA-AF aka. tumor-associated angiogenic factor) |
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Term
| There are six changes that dictate malignant phenotype. Name one. (and example) |
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Definition
| ability to invade and metastasize ( secrete metalloproteinases, proteases, collagenases, cathepsin D) |
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Term
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Definition
| A tumor is not immediately metastatic. it must first go through a series of steps. excessive growth, invasive, and metastasis. |
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