Term
| What is the only pathogenic gram(-) cocci (diplococci)? |
|
Definition
| Neisseria (meningitidis & gonorrhoeae) |
|
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Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 virulence factors of meningococcus? |
|
Definition
* capsule
* endotoxin (LPS): blood vessel destruction (petechiae) and sepsis
* IgA1 protease
* Extracts iron from transferrin
* Pili |
|
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Term
| Two patient groups susceptible to meningococcal infection? |
|
Definition
* infants aged 6 mo to 2 yrs
* army recruits |
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Term
| Pathophysiology of Neiseria meingitis? |
|
Definition
| asymptomatically reside in nasopharynx --> enter the blood --> meningitis |
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Term
| What is "fulminant meningococcemia" (Waterhouse Friderichsen syndrome)? |
|
Definition
| bilateral hemorrhage into adrenal glands --> adrenal insufficiency (low aldosterone) --> hypotension --> septic shock --> DIC and coma --> death in 6 - 8 hrs |
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Term
| Three bacteria responsible for neonatal meningitis? |
|
Definition
* Listeria monocytogenes
* E. coli
* group B streptococcus |
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Term
| 2 bacteria responsible for meningitis in adults? |
|
Definition
* Neisseria meningitidis
* Haemophilus influenzae |
|
|
Term
| Where do you culture Neisseria? |
|
Definition
Thayer-Martin VCN.
Vancomycin kills gram(+)
Colistin kills non-Neisseria gram(-)
Nystatin kills fungi |
|
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Term
| How to distinguish Neisseria meningitidis and gonorrhoeae? |
|
Definition
| Meningitidis metabolizes Maltose (and glucose), but Gonorrhoeae metabolizes only Glucose |
|
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Term
| What are three virulent factors of Neisseria gonorrhoeae (gonococcus)? |
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Definition
* pili: adhere to host cells, prevent phagocytosis, variant antigens (escape host Ab)
* Outer membrane protein porins: invade into epithelial cells
* Opa proteins: another outer membrane protein that adhere and invade into epithelial cells |
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Term
| Neisseria gonorrhoeae can cause pelvic inflammatory disease. What are 5 complications of PID? |
|
Definition
* sterility (scarring of fallopian tubes)
* ectopic pregnancy (with previous salpingitis)
* abscesses (fallopian tubes, ovaries, peritoneum)
* peritonitis
* peri-hepatitis (Fitz-Hugh-Curtis syndrome): also by chlamydia |
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Term
| What is the most common kind of septic arthritis in young, sexually active individuals? |
|
Definition
| gonococcal arthritis (Neisseria gonorrhoeae) |
|
|
Term
| How can Neisseria gonorrhoeae affect eyes? |
|
Definition
* neonates: ophthalmia neonatorum. damaged cornea, blindness. prophylactic erythromycin
* adults: gonococcal conjunctivitis |
|
|
Term
| How to treat Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection? |
|
Definition
* ceftriaxone, a 3rd generation cephalosporin
* doxycycline/azithromycin for Chlamydia trachomatis infection (50% coinfection) |
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|
Term
| Which two diseases does Moraxella catarrhalis cause? |
|
Definition
* Otitis media
* COPD exacerbations |
|
|
Term
| Which three bacteria cause middle year infection? |
|
Definition
* Streptococcus pneumoniae
* Haemophilus influenzae
* Moraxella catarrhalis |
|
|
Term
| 5 slow-growing bacteria that can cause endocarditis? |
|
Definition
Haemophilus
Actinobacillus
Cardiobacterium
Eikenella
Kingella |
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