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NCTRC STUDY GUIDE
Recreation Therapy
85
Health Care
Professional
04/12/2008

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Cards

Term
Name 6 types of leisure.
Definition

1. Discretionary time leisure

2. Social instrument leisure

3. social class/race/occupation leisure

4.Classic leisure

5. Antiutilitarian leisure

6. Hollistic leisure

Term
Define discretionary time leisure.
Definition

Leisure during the the time remaining in a work determined day.

Term
Define classic leisure.
Definition

A "condition of the soul" and is a seldom acheived goal.

Term
Define antiutilitarion leisure.
Definition
Not secondary to work, it is self expression, and self fullfilling satisfaction. For ex. and artist
Term
Define holistic leisure.
Definition
Leisure is discoverable in any activity, anywhere.
Term
What is a leisurescope?
Definition
The leisurescope  provides detailed information about the attitudes of visitors and leisure attractions, it even allows attendance levels to be monitored and compared over time.
Term
What is the leisure diagnostic battery? (LBD)
Definition
The LBD is the first comprehensive battery of instruments to assess an individuals "leisure functioning".
Term
Define leisure functioning.
Definition
It describes how an individual feels about his or her leisure experiences.
Term
What is the leisure competence measure? (LCM)
Definition

The LCM is a testing tool with a 201 page manual that can be used with most patient populations and is used by the recreational therapist. The LCM measures the OUTCOMES of recreation therapy.

Term
What is the leisure barriers inventory? (LBI)
Definition

The LBI examines the barries to leisure in 8 different categories. Different barriers include; money, transportation, time, etc.

Term
What is the recreation behavior inventory? (RBI)
Definition
The RBI assesses clients cognitive, sensory, and perceptual motor skills as a prerequisite to leisure participation. There are 87 behaviors observed during 20 activities. It is intended for children but can also be used in psychiatric and long term care settings.
Term
What is the State institute leisure assessment process? (STILAP)
Definition
The STILAP is a leisure interest tool that measures an clients interest in various activties, what the client is in learning more about, and provides a systematic way for the therapist to mearsure the balance of the clients leisure lifestyle.
Term
What are the 5 dimensions of satisfaction in the Life satisfaction scale? (LSS)
Definition

1. pleasure vs. apathy

2. determination

3. difference between desired and achieved goals

4. mood at time of assessment

5. self concept

Term
What is the comprehensive evaluation in recreational therapy? (CERT)
Definition

It is an assessment made for short term acute care, psychiatric settings. It includes 3 areas of observation;

1. general

2. individual experience

3 group performance

Term
Who is the fax activity therapy social skills baseline assessment made for?
Definition
Adults who have developmental disabilties.
Term
What is Project Trail? (transition through recreation and integration for life.)
Definition

It consists of 5 curricular components.

1. leisure education to facilitate choice making and independent recreation participation

2. leisure coaching, where by participants receive consultation, support, and assistance while participationg in integrated comminity recreation.

3. family/friend support, whereby family and friends attend workshops to encourage youths' independent leisure functioning

4. follow up services designed to maintain participation in community recreation programs

5. independent community leisure participation

Term
What is the MDS?
Definition
All federally certified nursing homes must submit MDS data to their state for the centers for medicare and medicaid services.
Term
What are 7 of the factors that can trigger a PU RAP?
Definition

1. limited bed mobility

2. bed fastness

3. bowel incontinence

4. peripheral vascular disease

5. an existing stage 1-4 PU

6. history of PU in the last 90 days

7. use of daily trunk restraint

Term
What is the general recreation screening tool? (GRST)
Definition

It is an assessment made for clients with mr or dd, and measures the general development level of clients in 18 areas that are related to leisure.

Term

What is a locus of control?

Definition
it is the percieved source of control over our behavior.
Term
What is an internal locus of control?
Definition

We control our own destiny. For example; the more I study, the better that I will do.

Term
What is an external locus of control?
Definition
Our lives are determined by outside sources. For example;  No matter how much I study, the teacher will still fail me.
Term
What is the psychoanalytic theory of play?
Definition
In this theory play reduces anxiety.
Psychoanalytic therapy was the first "talk therapy".
Term
What is the catharsis theory of play?
Definition
Play is used to relieve tension and anxiety by bringing repressed feelings and fears to consciousness.It also uses play as an outlet for aggression.
Term
What is the surplus energy theory of play?
Definition
It is the manifestation  of inner energy. Children are provided for, which results in an energy surplus whichis rechannelled into play.
Term

What is the Csikszentmihalyi notion of flow theory of play?

Definition

People enter a flow state when they are fully absorbed in an activity during which theyl ose their sense of time and have great feelings of satisfaction.

Term
What are the 5 stages of the grief process?
Definition

1. denial

2. anger

3. bargaining

4. depression

5. acceptance

Term
What are the 7 levels of denial?
Definition

1. denial of personal relevance

2. denial of urgency

3. denial of vulnerability

4. denial of feelings

5. denial of source of feelings

6. denial of threatening information

7. denial of all information

Term
What are the 8 stages of Erik Erikson's  psychosocial development?
Definition

1. Oral-sensory

2. Muscular-anal

3. Locomotor

4. Latency

5. Adolescence

6. Young Adulthood

7.Middle Adulthood

8. Maturity

Term
Describe the oral sensory stage.
Definition
Developed by Erik Erikson for psychosocial development. It is the first of 8 stages, and includes ages birth until 12-18 months. The basic conflict is trust vs. mistrust. An important event during this stage is feeding.
Term
Describe the muscular anal stage.
Definition
It is the second of eight stages in Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development. It includes ages 18 months - 3 years of age.The basic conflict is autonomy vs. shame/doubt, and an important even during this stage is toilet training.
Term
What is the locomotor stage?
Definition
It is the third of eight stages in Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development. It ranges ages 3-6 years and the basic conflict is iniative vs. guilt, and the most important event is independence.
Term
What is the latency stage?
Definition
It is the fourth of eight stages in Erik Eriksons stages of psychosocial development. It ranges 6-12 years of age, and tbe basic conflict is industry vs. inferiority. An important event during this stage is school.
Term
Describe the adolescence stage.
Definition
It is the fifth of eight stages in Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development. It ranges 12-18 years of age and the basic conflict is identity vs. role confusion. One of the most important events is peer relationships.
Term

Describe the young adulthood stage.

Definition
It is the sixth of eight stages in Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development.  It includes ages 19 - 40 years and the basic conflict is intimacy vs. isolation. And one of the most important events during this stage are love relationships.
Term
Describe the middle adulthood stage.
Definition
It is the seventh of eight stages in Erik Erikson's stages in psychosocial development. It ranges 40 - 65 years of age and the basic conflict is generativity vs. stagnation and one of the important events are parenting.
Term
Explain the maturity stage.
Definition
It is the eighth of eight stages in Erik Erikson's stages of psychosocial development. It ranges ages 65 -death. The basic confict of this stage is egointegrity vs. despair and one of the  important events are reflection on and acceptance of one's life.
Term
What are the 4 periods of Piaget's cognitive development?
Definition

1. Sensorimotor period

2. Preoperational period

3. Period of concrete operations

4. Period of formal operations

Term
What is the sensorimotor period?
Definition
It is the first of 4 period in Piaget's cognitive development. It includes ages birth - 2 years and involves the development of action schemes.
Term

What is the preoperational period?

 

Definition
It is the second of 4 period in Piaget's cognitive review. It includes ages 2 - 7 years and involves the child starting to deal with mental representations, the child doesn't realize that others may view things differently, and can only concentrate on one detail at a time.
Term
What is the period of concrete operations?
Definition
It is the third of 4 periods in Piaget's cognitive development, it includes ages 7 - 11 years. Some of the things included in this stage are increased sensitivity to throught contrary to their own, the beginning of the ability to make decisions based on several different points of view.
Term

Describe the period of formal operations.

Definition

It is the last of 4 period in Piaget's cognitive development, and includes ages 11 and up. During this stage people begin to engage in formal reasoning on an abstract level, can imagine hypthetical as well as real events, and can concider all possible explanations to a problem.

Term
Define empathy.
Definition
The capacity to understand what your patient is experiencing from that patient's perspective.
Term

Define the compensation defense mechanism.

Definition
covering up a weakness by stressing a desirable or strong trait.
Term

Define the denial stage defense mechanism.

Definition

It is the second reaction stage of psychologic adjustment to physical disablement or loss; it is an unconscious defense mechanism in which existence of unpleasant realities is blocked from conscious awareness.

Term
Define the displacement defense mechanism.
Definition
It is the transferring of an emotion, or actual loss of function as a result of illness or accident.
Term
Define projection as a defense mechanism.
Definition
Attributing one's own unwanted trait onto another person.
Term
Define lability.
Definition
Emotional instability; manifested by alterations of fluctuations in emotional state.
Term
Define dysphoria.
Definition
An exaggerated feelings of depression; may be accompanied by anxiety.
Term

What are the 5 basic needs according to Dr. William Glasser's reality therapy?

Definition

1. Power

2. Love and belonging

3. Freedom

4. Fun

5. Survival

Term

What is rational emotive behavior therapy?

Definition
It is a therapy that focuses on uncovering  irrational beliefs which may lead to unhealthy negative emotions and replacing them with more productive rational alternatives.
It also says that humans are responsibly hedonistic in the sense that they strive to remain alive and to achieve some degree of happiness.  It also says that humans are prone to adopting irrational beliefs and behaviors which stand in the way of their achieving their goals and purposes.
Term
What is the "abc" framework of rational emotive behavior? (REBT)
Definition

A. clarify the relationship between activating events

B. Our beliefs about them.

C. the cognitive, emotional or behavioral consequences of our beliefs

Term
What is an autocratic leadership style?
Definition
Tells others what to do, limits discussions on ideas and new ways of doing things, and  the group does not experiene feeling of teamwork. It is most effective when time is limited, when the skills that are needed are very limited or when the group doesn't know each other.
Term
What is the democratic leadership style?
Definition
It involves group members in the planning and carrying out of activities, asks before tells, and promotes teamwork. It is most effective when time is available, with a group that is motivated and knows each other, and there is an existing degree of skill and knowledge of the subject by members of the group.
Term
What is a laissz-faire leadership style?
Definition

Gives littler or no direction to group, opinions are only offered when asked, and the person doesn't seem to be in charge, if is most effective when the groups skill level  is exceptionally high as well as the motivation level, and the sense of team already exists, and it is a familiar routine for group participants.

Term
What are the 4 behavioral domains?
Definition

1. Psycho-motor (physical)

2. Affective (psychological)

3. Social (interactional)

4. Cognitive (intellectual)

Term
What is Maslows hierarchy of needs?
Definition

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Term
What is the americans with disabilities act?
Definition

 Formed on July 26, 1992. It prohibits private, state, and local government employers from discriminating against qualified individuals with disabilities in thejob application procedure as well as hiring, firing, advancement, compensation, and job training.

Tests for illegal drugs arenot subject to the ADA's restrictions on medical examinations. Employers are allowed to hold illegal drug users and alcoholics to the same performance standards as other imployees.

Term
What is the rehabilitation act of 1973?
Definition
It prohibits the discrimination on the basis of disability in programs cunducted by federal agencies, in programs that are receiving federal financial assistance, as well as in federal employment.
Term

Who is ATRA?

Definition

The american therapeutic recreation association, it is non-profit and is the largest national membership organization representing the interests and needs of recreational therapists. It was incorporated in Washington DC in 1984.

Term

Who are the NTRS?

Definition
The national therapeutic recreation society. They are a branch of the national recreation and park association.
Term
Who are the AAMR?
Definition
The american association of mental retardation. Formed in 1876, and provides leadership in the field of mental retardation.  It is the oldest and largest interdisciplinary organization of professionals concerned about mental retardation and related disabilities.
Term
Who is JCAHO?
Definition

They are the joint commision on accreditation of healtcare organization. they are an independent non profit organization that evaluates and accredits healthcare organizations in programs in the us. They also publish extensive standards with the intent to improve quality of healthcare.

Term
Who is CARF?
Definition
A non-profit organization that reviews grants accreditation services nationally and internationally on request of a facility or program. Their mission is to promote the quality, value, and optimal outcomes of services through a consultative accreditation process that centers on enhancing the lives of the persons served.
Term
Describe Axis I
Definition
Clinical syndromes that cause significant impairments.  Ex; major depressive disorder, obsessive compulsive disorder, anorexia nervosa
Term
Describe Axis II
Definition
Personality and development disorders.  It describes long term problems that are over looked in the presence of Axis I disorders. Some Axis II disorders include antisocial personality disorder and histrionic personality disorders.
Term
Describe Axis III
Definition
Medical conditions. These include physical and medical conditions that may influence or worsen Axis I and II. Ex; HIV/AIDS and brain injuries.
Term
Describe Axis IV
Definition
Psychosocial and environmental problems. Any social or environmental problems that may impact Axis I and II disorders. Ex; unemployment, relocation, divorce or death of a loved one.
Term

Describe Axis V

Definition
Global assessment of functioning.  This allows the clinician to rate the client's overal level of functioning.  By doing so it allows the clinician to better understand how the other four axes are interacting and the effect on the individuals life.
Term
What are the 4 areas of functional intervention?
Definition

1. Physical

2. Mental/cognitive

3. Emotional/affective

4. Social functioning

Term

What are the 12 ATRA standards for the practice of TR?

Definition

1.Assessment             7.Ethical conduct

2.Treatment planning     8.Written plan of 

                                    operation

3.Plan Implementation   9.Staff Qualifications & 

4.Reassessment &          comptency assessment

   Evaluation                10. quality management

5.Discharge &              11.Resource management

  Transition planning     12.Program Evaluation

6.Recreation services          & research

Term
Identify the medical model.
Definition

The recreation therapist can prescribe leisure to a client.

 

Treatment Model/Medical Model

 Begins as

1. RT directed

2. equal participation between client and RT

3. client directed. 
Term
Describe Leisure Efficacy
Definition
To meet your own leisure needs, benefits from good circumstances. You need a repertoire of skills to be self-capable. Meet own needs/goals.
Term
Describe the attribution model.
Definition

 The causal analysis of behavior. The process by which a person attributes or makes causal inferences. “To what I attribute my successes and failures”.

Term
Describe the leisure ability model.
Definition
 Formed by Gunn/Peterson                                Also called: Continuum Model, TR Service Model                         Four Steps: maximum control by specialist to minimum control by specialist                1. Assess: ID problem, gather data                2. Treatment: improve functional ability                           3. Leisure Education: Acquire knowledge & Skills                4. Leisure Lifestyle: engage in opportunity>participate voluntarily
Term
Describe learned helplessness.
Definition
A perceived lack of control over events. -no matter how much energy is expended, the situation is futile & you are helpless to change things.-people learn to be helpless; people become dependent. -behaviors & outcomes are out of one’s control.
Term
What is perceived freedom?
Definition
When a person does not feel forced or constrained to participate & does not feel inhibited or limited by the environment. (LDB)  The freedom to choose your activity; feel competent; “I can do this”
Term
What is the Holistic approach to leisure?
Definition
Looks at the whole person & their needs.  Recognizes & integrates multiple factors. Developed from a broad base of information. Integrated from a interdisciplinary frame of reference.
Term
Describe the activity therapy model.
Definition
Similar to medical model. TR is prescribed but is a blurring of different departments.(music therapy, art therapy, occupational therapy, dance therapy)
Term
What is normalization?
Definition
Making available to all persons patterns of  life and conditions of everyday life that are as close as possible to the routine circumstances and ways of life. 
Term
Define play.
Definition
Spontaneous, joyful, suspenseful of reality.
Term
Identify what a goal is.
Definition
A broad general statement of direction & purpose; proposed changes in the individual  or their environment; a broad statement of a desired behavior that the participant will demonstrate. Set in a positive term; a sense of direction.
Term

Describe what an objective is.

Definition

Contains three parts

1. Behavior: a specific behavior to be demonstrated by participant

 2. Condition: When & where the behavior will occur; a “given” or a “restriction.”

 3. Criteria: the measurable outcome; how well must it be done, correctness, timespan, percentage, what is acceptable or successful performance.

                Ex:: after x lessons the participant will swim one length of the pool .

Term
What is SOAP?
Definition

A way to write progress note

 Subjective: gathered from the clientObjective: based on observation & other sourcesAssessment: conclusions based on data reviewPlan: plan believed to resolve the problem
Term

Describe what APIE is.

Definition

Assess

Plan

Implement

Evaluate

 

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