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NCT-5
NCT5
101
Communication
Professional
02/20/2011

Additional Communication Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
How often must the FCC pop test be performed
Definition
twice a year
Term
When performing a pop test, what is the maximum variation within a 24 hour ADJACENT CHANNEL interval?
Definition
3dB
Term
Hum modulation is measured in
Definition
Percentages
Term
How many times must the 24-hour level variation tests be performed?
Definition
4
Term
What is Comcast's goal for network reliability?
Definition
99.99%
Term
Which of the following most closely explains what a spectrum analyzer does?
Definition
Continually scans the spectrum and has 'zoom' functionally
Term
Carrier Frequency
Definition
a continous wave (CW) frequency onto which information is modulated for transport
Term
POP test must be maintained on file at the operator's local business office for at least?
Definition
5 years
Term
Number of FCC POP test points per number of customers. 1000-12,500
Definition
6. for each additional 12,500 customers add 1 test point
Term
Many of the FCC POP standards require that you take measurments at the end of a?
Definition
30 meter (100') test drop
Term
Hum
Definition
is frequency-specific-- only 1 analog channel per test point needs to be tested-- %
Term
Number of test channels depend on the highest operating frequency of the network
Definition
up to 216MHz = 5. up to 300MHz=6, then add 1 for each 100MHz
Term
Video Carrier Level Stability (24-hour ) test
Definition
Performed twice a year in the coldest and warmest times of year
Term
Color performace test
Definition
Once every three years
Term
Gate testing
Definition
a spectrum analzer feature that allows the user to make otherwise intrusive FCC POP tests in a non-intrusive manner
Term
The FCC requires that the audio carrie frequency for each channel must be ---- above the video carrier frequency +\-
Definition
4.5 MHz with + or - 5kHz
Term
Comcast maximum level at STB analog is?
Definition
20dBmV
Term
the visual signal level on each channel, as measured at the end of a 30 meter drop must not vary more than ?
Definition
8 dB within any 6 month interval
Term
Adjacent Visual Signal
Definition
3 dB of the visual signal level of any visual carrier within a 6MHz nominal frequency seperation
Term
Audio carrier level
Definition
the RMS voltage of the aural signal must be maintained between 10 and 17 dB below the associated visual signal level
Term
Comcast audio to visual carrier level
Definition
15 dB
Term
video signal change variation-- max variation from the video carrier levels of non-adjacent channels (in dB)
Definition
up to 300MHz is 10 add 1 for each 100MHz..example up to 600 MHz = 13
Term
The FCC requires that In-channel response must be within
Definition
+/- 2dB or 4 dB peak to valley
Term
Carrier to Noise test. The FCC requirement at each test point
Definition
43dB... Comcast is 46dB
Term
Coherent Disturbance test- Composite second order(CSO)
Definition
+ or - .75 and 1.25 above and below frequency
Term
FCC requires that coherent disturbance must be at --- below the disired carrier level?
Definition
51dB.. Comcast 54dB
Term
Terminal isolation test
Definition
at least 18dB between any 2 ports on a d/c tap feeding the subscriber terminal on th TV
Term
All FCC test
Definition
FCC Form 320
Term
signal leakage test-- Below 54 MHz and above 216 MHz
Definition
up to 15 micovolts per meter at 30 meters
Term
Signal level test- Between 54 and 216 MHz
Definition
up to 20 microvolts per meter at 3 meters
Term
What is the function of the video bandwidth filter on a spectrum analyzer?
Definition
Takes the RF energy that has already passed through the RBW filter and the detector and smoothes it out
Term
which of the following is considered a headend FCC POP test?
Definition
Differential Gain and Differential Phase ( Color Performance test)
Term
The parts of the fiber
Definition
Coating. Cladding. Core
Term
What does nm stand for
Definition
nano meter
Term
What is the OTDR use for
Definition
Fiber lengths, faults, splices, breaks, attenuation, connector loss
Term
what information makes cable plant testing much easier
Definition
size, distance, type, documents
Term
After cleaning the connector, how do you ensure that it stays clean?
Definition
Cover it (cap) or plug it in
Term
Which type of splice has the lowest loss
Definition
fusion
Term
What causes more injuries than the glass when splicing an optical fiber
Definition
the edges of the protective armor
Term
Laser Class- Class 1
Definition
Safe as long as they are not disassembled (CD ROM)
Term
Laser Class- 2/2A
Definition
Eye hazard if beam is viewed (bar code scanner)
Term
Laser class- 3a
Definition
eye hazard if collected or focused on eye ( laser pointer)
Term
Laser class- 3b
Definition
Eye hazard if the direct or reflected beam is viewed
Term
Laser class- 4
Definition
Eye and skin hazard
Term
Core
Definition
the center of the fiber 8-10 microns in diameter
Term
PIN Diode
Definition
a photo diode used to detect light from an optical fiber and convert the light to an electrical source
Term
Typical fiber loss for 1310 nm and
1550 nm
Definition
0.35dB/km 1310nm and 0.25dB/km 1550
Term
Splice loss
Definition
Fusion 0.1dB--- Mechanical 0.25dB
Term
Connector loss
Definition
0.5 dB
Term
Spitter loss
Definition
Depends on the percentage of light availble- percentages equal 100
Term
Fusion splicing
Definition
Method of joining 2 optical fibers of the same type using an electrical arc to form a percision splice
Term
Mechanical splice
Definition
Is temporary and used only in restoration
Term
Wet Method for cleaning connectors and receptacles
Definition
Use lint free wipes or lint free swabs or urethane foam head with 90% isopropyl alcohol
Term
WDM ( Wavelenght Division Multiplexing)
Definition
Enables different wavelenghts to be carried on a single optical fiber
Term
Multiplexing
Definition
An electronic or optical process that combines several individual signals or wavelenghts into a single carrier or path
Term
Lasers are found in?
Definition
Headend, Hubs and OTNs, Node return transmitters
Term
DWDM ( Dense wave division multiplexing
Definition
Allows multiple wavelenghts above and below a center wavelength to be carried on a single fiber
Term
Optical Transmitter
Definition
Provides the means to modulate the RF tv carrier on to a coherent beam of light.
Term
Optical receiver
Definition
Where the information modulated on the downstream and upsteam light carriers are recovered
Term
Optical power levels at the receiver should be close to
Definition
0 dBm
Term
Fiber node- optical receiver
Definition
Consist of an optical receiver that converts ligh back to RF in order to serve the customers in the area.
Term
Fiber node
Definition
is considered and interface between the headend or hub and the RF plant
Term
OTDR pulse
Definition
can correlate what it sees in the backscattered light with an actual location of an EVENT in the fiber
Term
OTDR - EVENTS
Definition
Connectors and splices are called events
Term
Longer pulse widths
Definition
you need a long length of fiber 17 to 1700' because of the resolution of the meter, to see events that are close together
Term
Reverse spectrum RF frequency for Comcast's new or upgraded systems
Definition
5-42MHz
Term
Diplex filter
Definition
Used to split/combine the forward and reverse spectrums
Term
Quantization
Definition
Assigning a specific value to each of the samples
Term
How many different phase states are there with QPSK modulation
Definition
4
Term
what does the CMTS do?
Definition
Terminates, manages,and translates high speed internet sessions between cable modems
Term
isolation
Definition
A signals ability to be transmitted from one cable or device to another cable or device, measured in dB
Term
Why use Fiber?
Definition
Optical transmission is a fast,cost effective, reliable and user- friendly transportation medium
Term
At the headend
Definition
the RF carriers are modulated onto an optical carrier and sent via an optical fiber to the node.
Term
At the node
Definition
The optical carrier is received and demodulated, the RF channels are recovered and then delivered ot coaxial cables
Term
Node transmitter
Definition
the signals are separated by another diplex filter and are routed to a transmitter that modulates the return signal into light. the light is injected into the fiber and travels back to the headend. at the headend they are received and de-modulated back to RF
Term
Star architecture
Definition
connects each of the nodes to the headend over a single path
Term
Port-to-port isolation of 25dB helps reduce what
Definition
interference generated by adjacent channel devices that may be connected to them
Term
Digital Conversion- analog to digital conversion(ADC)
Definition
Sampling, Quantization, Encoding
Term
Sampling
Definition
is the measuring of the analog signal at specific intervals
Term
Encoding
Definition
the process by which these specific values are converted into a data or bit stream
Term
QAM
Definition
Digital modulation scheme that changes phase and the amplitude
Term
Nyquist's Rule
Definition
Signals must be sampled at twice the highest frequency for proper recreation
Term
How many phases are there in QAM?
Definition
4 (0/360,90,180, and 270)
Term
3 types of optical transmitters used in HFC networks?
Definition
Fabry-Perot (F-P)
Distributed Feedback (DFB)
Yttrium-Aluminum-Garnet (YAG)
Term
Type of fiber optic cable used in the broadband industry?
Definition
Single mode fiber
Term
Port-to-Port isolation
Definition
The difference in signal level between the two output ports with the input port terminated
Term
Which architecture offers the highest level of reliability
Definition
Ring
Term
What is 7 equal to in binary
Definition
0111
Term
Why is 16 QAM a faster modulation technique than QPSK
Definition
Four amplitude levels ( 2 above and 2 below each axis) are used
Term
Convert mW to dBm
Definition
dBm = 10log(mW)
Term
Convert dB to mW
Definition
mW = 10 (dB/10)
Term
Loose Tube
Definition
Fibers are contained in a plastic tube much larger than the optical fibers, The fibers can move freely within the tube
Term
Buffer Tube
Definition
Color-coded tubes that house and protect the optical fibers within a fiber optic cable
Term
Flex Tube
Definition
Consist fo buffer tubes surrounded by a fiberglass wrap and two steel strength members on each side molded into the jacket
Term
Comcast allows for ---- of loss through a fusion splice?
Definition
.05 dB
Term
Two methods of cleaning optical fiber
Definition
Wet or dry
Term
Dry wipe cleaning tape dispensers are used to clean?
Definition
Connectors
Term
Dry cleaning wands are used to clean?
Definition
Receptacles
Term
Types of optical amplifiers
Definition
EDFA ( Erbium-doped fiber amplifier)
YEDFA ( Ytterbium Erbium doped)
Term
3 types of Optical power meters
Definition
Silicon (Si)
Germanium (Ge)
Indium-Gallium-Arsenide (InGaAs)
Term
Optical Power is measured in?
Definition
dBm
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