Shared Flashcard Set

Details

NCLEX review
NCLEX review from lectures by Ms. Garcia
1393
Nursing
Professional
01/06/2011

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Estradiol: indications
Definition
•Post-menopausal symtoms
•Breast cancer
•Prostate cancer
•Uterine cancer
Term
Estradiol: side-effects
Definition
•Gynecomastia
•Sexual dysfunction
•n/v
•osteoporosis
Term
Estradiol: teaching
Definition
•take with meals
•breast self-exam
Term
Naloxone HCl (Narcan): indications
Definition
opioid overdose
Term
Naloxone HCl (Narcan): note regarding hospital use
Definition
Policies may exist permitting use without prior doctor's order (emergency situations)
Term
Naloxone HCl (Narcan): side-effects
Definition
•Tachycardia
•Restlessness
•Insomnia
•Eye tearing
Term
Terbutaline Sulfate (Brethine): indications
Definition
•COPD
•Asthma
•Tocolytic (suppress uterine contractions)
Term
Terbutaline Sulfate (Brethine): side-effects
Definition
•Nervousness
•Restlessness
•Tremors
•May cause paradoxical bronchoconstriction
Term
Indomethacin (Indocin): classification
Definition
•NSAID
•Anti-rheumatic
•Anti-gout
Term
Indomethacin (Indocin): side-effects
Definition
•Bone marrow suppression
•Peptic ulcers
•Dizziness
•Drowsiness
•Blurred vision
Term
Escitalopram (Lexipro): classification
Definition
SSRI antidepressant
Term
Escitalopram (Lexipro): side-effects
Definition
•Suicideality
•hallucinations
•Libido disturbance
•Diarrhea
•Constipation
•Drowsiness
•Increased appetite
Term
Two steps to assessment
Definition
- collecting and organizing data
- recording of subjective/objective data
Term
Three steps to forming a diagnosis
Definition
- analyzing data
- identifying specific client needs
- establishing a nursing diagnosis
Term
Four steps to planning
Definition
- Prioritizing how to solve client problems
- Identifying goals or cient outcomes to measure the effectiveness of nursing actions
- selecting nursing interventions
- writing nursing orders
Term
Four steps to implementation
Definition
- reassess the client
- implement nursing orders
- delegate and supervise
- document nursing actions
Term
Four steps to evalution
Definition
- collecting data related to outcomes
- comparing data with outcomes
- drawing conclusions
- continue/modify/terminate plan
Term
Pancreatitis: dietary considerations
Definition
- no alcohol
- bland foods
- small, frequent meals
- low fat
Term
Cholecystitis: dietary considerations
Definition
- low fat
- small, frequent meals
Term
Hepatitis: dietary considerations
Definition
- NPO initially
- low fat
- high protein
- high carbs
Term
Cirrhosis: dietary considerations
Definition
- small, frequent meals
- low sodium
- low protein
Term
Diaphragmatic hernia: dietary considerations
Definition
- small frequent meals
- low fat
- high protein
Term
Dumping syndrome: dietary considerations
Definition
- high fat
- high protein
- high fiber
- small, frequent meals
- low carbs
Term
Ulcerative colitis: Dietary considerations
Definition
- AVOID coarse, high-fiber foods
- avoid cold beverages
- bland diet
- high protein
- high calories
Term
Celiac disease: Dietary considerations
Definition
- no gluten
- high calories
- high protein
Term
Acute renal failure: Dietary considerations
Definition
- high carbs
- low protein
- low sodium
- fluid restriction
Term
Chronic renal failure: Dietary considerations
Definition
- low potassium
- low sodium
- high iron
- high calcium
- high vitamins B, C, D
Term
Cushing's syndrome: Dietary considerations
Definition
- high protein
- high potassium
- low sodium
- low calories
Term
Addison's disease: Dietary considerations
Definition
- high sodium
- low potassium
Term
Meniere's disease: Dietary considerations
Definition
- no alcohol
- low sodium
Term
Heart failure: Dietary considerations
Definition
- low sodium
- low fat
- fluid restriction (maybe)
Term
Rheumatic fever: complication
Definition
mitral valve prolapse
Term
Vital sign ranges: neonate
Definition
T: 98.6 - 99.8
P: 110 - 160
R: 30 - 50
BP: 70-73/45-48
Term
Vital sign ranges: 1month - 3 yrs
Definition
T: 98.5 - 99.5
P: 80-130
R: 20-30
BP:90-100/55-63
Term
Vital sign ranges: 6 - 10 yrs
Definition
T: 97.5 - 98.6
P: 75 - 115
R: 17 - 25
BP: 96-110/57-72
Term
Vital sign ranges: 11 - 16 yrs
Definition
T: 97.6 - 98.6
P: 55 - 100
R: 15 - 20
BP: 120-123/76-80
Term
Vital sign ranges: Adult
Definition
T: 96.8 - 98.6
P: 50 - 95
R: 15 - 20
BP: 120/80
Term
Vital sign ranges: Elderly
Definition
T: 96.5 - 97.5
P: 55 - 95
R: 15 - 20
BP: 120/80
Term
Stage I decubitus: factors
Definition
- intact skin
- non-blanching erythema
Term
Stage II decubitus: factors
Definition
- epidermis interrupted
- dermis may be interrupted
- abrasion or blister
Term
Stage III decubitus: factors
Definition
- Full thickness
- damage and/or necrosis down to the fascia
Term
Stage IV decubitus: factors
Definition
- full thickness
- penetrates fascia (tunneling)
- involves muscle, tendon and/or bone
Term
flat, nonpalpable skin discoloration
(eg, freckle)
Definition
macule
Term
elevated, palpable skin lesion <1cm
(eg, wart or mole)
Definition
papule
Term
elevated, firm skin lesion with circumscribed borders, 1-2cm
(eg, lipoma)
Definition
nodule
Term
elevated, serous/pus-filled skin lesion <1 cm
(eg, acne)
Definition
pustule
Term
elevated, fluid-filled lesion, <1cm
(eg, Herpes/shingles)
Definition
vesicle
Term
elevated, fluid-filled lesion >1cm
(eg, chickenpox)
Definition
bulla
Term
elevated, erythematous skin lesion with irregular borders, fluid-filled
(eg, insect bite)
Definition
wheal
Term
elevated, firm lesion
(eg, sebaceous)
Definition
cyst
Term
Superficial burn (1st degree): descriptive factors
Definition
- limited to epidermis
- painful
- redness
- local wound care required
Term
Partial thickness burn (2nd degree): descriptive factors
Definition
- extends beyond epidermis into dermis
- painful
- redness
- swelling
- blisters
Term
Full thickness burn (3rd degree): descriptive factors
Definition
- extends through dermis, leaving only subcutaneous tissue
- painless
- dry, leathery skin
Term
4th degree burn: descriptive factors
Definition
- extends into muscles, fascia, bone
- usually fatal
Term
ecchymosis over the mastoid process in basilar skull fractures
Definition
battle sign
Term
double vision
Definition
diplopia
Term
constant, involuntary movement of the eyeball
Definition
nystagmus
Term
drooping
Definition
ptosis
Term
rhythmical and rapid dilation and constriction of the pupil
Definition
hippus
Term
Seizure type: brief loss of consciousness or posture
Definition
absence seizure
Term
seizure type: repetitive muscle contractions, brief jerking
Definition
myoclonic seizure
Term
seizure type: stiffness followed by loss of consciousness and rhythmic contractions of all four extremities
Definition
tonic-clonic seizure
Term
Complication of status epilepticus
Definition
respiratory distress leading to respiratory arrest.
Term
status epilepticus: Medication treatment
Definition
- diazepam (Valium)
- phenytoin (Dilantin)
- phenobarbitol (Luminal)
Term
Pain referred to right lower quad, right inguinal region: probable cause?
Definition
Appendicitis
Term
severe burning back pain: probable cause?
Definition
abdominal aneurism
Term
suprapubc, posterior gluteus/thigh pain: probable cause?
Definition
bladder infection
Term
Pain on right side of scapula: probable cause?
Definition
biliary tract infection
Term
Pain in umbilical region, chest, shoulder and scapula: probable cause?
Definition
gallbladder infection
Term
Pain in right shoulder, right side: probable cause?
Definition
liver problem
Term
Pain in left upper quad, left hypochondriac region: probable cause?
Definition
pancreatic problem
Term
Pain in left shoulder, right back: probable cause?
Definition
speen
Term
Pain in groin and external genitalia, and back: probable cause?
Definition
renal colic
Term
Back pain: probable cause?
Definition
ruptured peptic ulcer
Term
pain in left arm, jaw, shoulder and chest: probable cause?
Definition
heart problem
Term
Late signs of increased ICP include
Definition
- Cushing's sign
- nausea/vomiting
- hemiplegia (paralysis)
- decortigate or decerebrate posture
Term
Three types of seizures to know are
Definition
Partial, Full and Absent
Term
Missing an antiepileptic dose, or toxicity of the med, could lead to
Definition
breakthrough seizures.
Term
Precursors to a seizure are called
Definition
aura
Term
A client experiencing a seizure may be given one of these three meds to stop the seizure:
Definition
valium, Ativan, or phenobarb (usual choice with children)
Term
Clients on Dilantin should be instructed about the common side-effect of
Definition
gingivitis.
Term
A burhole may be needed to relive pressure caused by
Definition
an epidural hematoma.
Term
A common nursing intervention to treat increased ICP is
Definition
hyperventilation (of the patient, not the nurse!)
Term
Damage to the hypothalamus can result in lowered ADH production, which leads to
Definition
diabetes insipidus
Term
Diabetes insipidus can be the result of tramautic injury to the
Definition
hypothalamus.
Term
Early signs of increased ICP include
Definition
- restlessness
- irritability
- DECREASED LOC
- sluggish or fixed (and usually dilated) pupils
Term
A late sign of increased ICP, known as Cushing's triad, includes
Definition
- bradycardia
- bradypnea
- systolic hypertension
Term
Late signs of increased ICP include
Definition
- Cushing's sign
- nausea/vomiting
- hemiplegia (paralysis)
- decortigate or decerebrate posture
Term
Nursing intervention for increased ICP includes
Definition
- positioning with head up at least 30 degrees.
- decrease stimuli (low lights, quiet)
Term
After a lumbar puncture, the client should be monitored for
Definition
numbness and/or weakness below the puncture site.
Term
Nursing in prepration for an MRI should include
Definition
removal of all metal.
Term
Before performing an EEG, make sure the patient
Definition
has clean hair.
Term
After an EEG, the patient should
Definition
wash his head.
Term
A client with pupils of unequal size is suffering from
Definition
anisocoria.
Term
The client who is unable to speak is suffering from
Definition
aphasia.
Term
The client whose eyes move involuntarily is suffering from
Definition
nystagmus.
Term
The scale used to measure LOC is called the
Definition
Glascow scale.
Term
A person with decerebrate postering likely has
Definition
damage to the upper brain stem.
Term
A person with decorticate postering likely has
Definition
damage to one or both corticospinal tracts.
Term
A client with arms flexed and extended away from the body is exhibiting
Definition
decerebrate posturing.
Term
A client with arms adducted and flexed upon the chest s exhibiting
Definition
decorticate posturing.
Term
The ability to speak clearly, but use incorrect words - "word salad" - is called
Definition
receptive aphasia.
Term
The inability to speak clearly - mumbling - is known as
Definition
expressive aphasia.
Term
The test that most accurately detects brain tumors is
Definition
the MRI.
Term
A technique that attacks tumor cells while having minimal effect on normal tissue is called
Definition
stereotactic radiosurgery.
Term
A common med used in the treatment of swelling associated with brain tumors is
Definition
dexamethasone (Decadron).
Term
A client on dexamethasone (Decadron) should be monitored for
Definition
signs of Cushing's syndrome.
Term
Clients on Decadron should be cautioned about
Definition
discontinuing the medication abruptly.
Term
The priority nursing concern for a client with status epilepticus is
Definition
getting oxygen to the brain.
Term
The stage of Alzheimer's at which hallucinations and seizures may occur is
Definition
the middle stage.
Term
Parkinson's is the result of
Definition
decreased dopamine production.
Term
A patient presenting with tremors, muscle rigidity and akinesia likely has
Definition
Parkinson's.
Term
Patients with Parkinson's usually die from
Definition
complications of immobility.
Term
When taking a drug over a length of time, the user needs to increase dosage to get the same effect. This is known as
Definition
tolerance
Term
To determine physical status of an alcohol abuser, which tests would be ordered?
Definition
AST
ALT
LDH
Serum Glucose
Term
Where alcohol is absorbed
Definition
proximal small intestine
Term
Vitamin B1 (thiamine) deficiency, a common result of long-term alcohol abuse, leads to
Definition
Wernicke-Korsakoff's syndrome
Term
What organ-related disease can be the result of alcohol abuse?
Definition
liver cirrhosis
Term
3 stages of withdrawal
Definition
autonomic hyperactivity
neuronal excitation
sensory perceptual disturbances
Term
A common screening test to determine alcohol/drug dependency
Definition
CAGE test
Term
At what blood alcohol level does coma become a concern?
Definition
0.4
Term
Antabuse contraindications
Definition
S/P stroke or heart disease,
diabetes
Term
Campral: effect
Definition
reduces craving for alcohol
Term
The possible routes for administering thiamine include
Definition
IV, IM, PO
Term
Methadone is usually prescribed to ...
Definition
treat heroin dependency
Term
How is methadone usually administered?
Definition
in orange juice or citrus drink.
Term
The evaluation tool used specifically to identify alcohism is called the
Definition
Diagnostic Interview Schedule (DIS)
Term
A diagnostic tool that can be used to determine degrees of addiction to any drug is called the
Definition
Addiction Severity Index (ASI)
Term
Long-acting meds to control or prevent withdrawal seizures
Definition
- Librium
- Valium/Diastat
Term
Short-acting meds to control or prevent withdrawal seizures
Definition
- Ativan
- Serax
Term
In treating chronic alcohol abuse, thiamine depletion can be worsened by
Definition
undiluted IV glucose
Term
The IV fluid of choice for alcohol withdrawal treatment is
Definition
D5½ NS
Term
Drug(s) used to counteract overdose of CNS depressants
Definition
doxapram HCl
Term
Drug(s) used to counteract overdose of benzodiazepines
Definition
Flumazenil
Term
Drug(s) used to counteract overdose of narcotics
Definition
Narcan and Revex
Term
The type of therapy used in drug rehab that focuses on the "here and now" is
Definition
Dialectical behavioral therapy (DBT)
Term
What abnormal CBC result is likely to be seen in the chronic alcoholic?
Definition
decreased RBCs
Term
The kidneys are said to be ______ because they lie behind the peritoneum
Definition
retroperitoneal
Term
contains the loops of Henle and the collecting tubules
Definition
renal medulla
Term
Cup-like extensions of the renal pelvis
Definition
Calyces
Term
the glomerulus is partially enclosed in a funnel-shaped structure called ____
Definition
Bowman's capsule
Term
a long twisted tube that extends from Bowman's capsule
Definition
convoluted tubule
Term
consists of specialized glandular cell responsible for maintaining blood pressure
Definition
juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA)
Term
hormone produced by the kidneys that stimulates the stem cells in red bone marrow
Definition
erythropoetin (EPO)
Term
triangular area on the floor of the bladder that does not expand
Definition
trigone
Term
maximum volume of the bladder
Definition
1,000 mL
Term
glomerular filtrate contains what?
Definition
water, glucose, urea, creatinine and electrolytes
Term
normal GFR
Definition
about 125 mL/min
Term
mechanisms that cause reabsorption (types of reabsorption)
Definition
active and passive transport
Term
the maximum amount the tubules hold before excreting the excess into the urine is called ___
Definition
the renal threshold
Term
process by which substances move from the blood into the urine
Definition
tubular secretion
Term
the process by which substances move from the urine to the blood
Definition
tubular reabsorption
Term
how much urine is excreted daily
Definition
1,000 - 1,500 mL
Term
another name for cloudy
Definition
turbid
Term
normal pH of urine
Definition
4.5 - 8.0
Term
specific gravity of normal urine
Definition
1.010 - 1.025
Term
major cause of incontinence as a result of aging
Definition
loss of muscle tone.
Term

The functioning unit of the kidney is the ___

 

Definition
Nephron
Term
When the blood pressure falls too low, the kidneys will secrete ___.
Definition
Renin
Term
The function of erythropoetin is to stimulate ____
Definition
Red bone marrow
Term
The amount of filtrate formed in all the glomeruli of both kidneys per minute
Definition
Glomerular filtration rate
Term
The blood vessels, nerves, and ureters enter the kidney through the ____
Definition
Hilum
Term
The maximum amount of a substance that is reabsorbed back into the body from the kidney tubules
Definition
Renal threshold
Term

What condition is indicated by the following urinalysis results:

 

- volume: 100cc

- color: amber

- pH: 6.4

- spec. gravity: 1.035

- blood: none seen

- bacteria: none seen

- albumin: none seen

 

Definition
Dehydration
Term
Generally, children begin to have voluntary control of urination at approximately what age?
Definition
Around 36 months
Term

A client with a history of nocturia is confined to bed.  What should be the nursing intervention?

 

A) Fluid restriction during the day

B) Restrict cranberry juice

C) Incontinence pads

D) Offer bedpan frequently

Definition
D) Bedpan
Term

What is the role of renin?

 

 

Definition
Regulation of blood pressure
Term
What could lead to low specific gravity of urine?
Definition
Excess fluid intake
Term
Which part of the nephron assists in maximum reabsorption
Definition
Proximal tubule
Term
What is the effect of an enlarged prostate?
Definition
Urine retention
Term

Which is a common site for herniation in men?

 

A) Inguinal canal

B) Prostate gland

C) Cowper's glands

D) Scrotum

Definition
A) Inguinal canal
Term

Prostatic hypertrophy may cause

 

A) Difficulty with urination

B) Retention of urine

C) Inability to have an erection

D) All of the above

Definition
D) All of the above
Term

Which is correct?

 

A) One kidney

B) One ureter

C) Two urinary bladders

D) One urethra

Definition
D) One urethra
Term

Which blood vessels are primarily concerned with reabsorption?

 

A) renal artery

B) glomeruli

C) renal vein

D) peritubular capillaries

Definition
D) peritubular capillaries
Term
Where does aldosterone exert its effects?
Definition
distal convoluted tubule
Term
Urine flows fron the ascending limb of Henle into the
Definition
distal convoluted tubule
Term
ADH affects the
Definition
collecting ducts
Term
Natriuresis refers to the renal excretion of
Definition
Sodium
Term
The renal excretion of Na+ is generally accompanied by the excretion of
Definition
water
Term
The juxtaglomerular apparatus secretes
Definition
renin
Term

Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

 

A) causes polyuria

B) causes albuminuria

C) elevates blood pressure

D) causes hematuria

Definition
C) elevates blood pressure
Term

Aldosterone

 

A) depletes blood volume

B) causes potassium rebsorption

C) causes sodium excretion

D) causes Na+ reabsorption

Definition
D) causes Na+ reabsorption
Term
The internal and external sphincters are associated with the
Definition
urinary bladder
Term

Which of the following should not be in the filtrate within Bowman's capsule?

 

A) albumin

B) sodium

C) potassium

D) water

Definition
A) albumin
Term

Which of the following is not true of ADH?

 

A) secreted by the posterior pituitary gland

B) secreted in response to low blood volume and a concentrated plasma (as in dehydration)

C) causes the renal excretion of sodium, potassium, and water

D) a deficiency causes diabetes insipidus

Definition
C) causes the renal excretion of sodium, potassium, and water
Term

Which of the following is absorbed across the walls of the collecting duct under the influence of ADH?

 

A) potassium

B) urea

C) water

D) albumin

Definition
C) water
Term

Pyuria is indicative of

 

A) infection

B) glomerular damage

C) deficiency of ADH

D) excess of aldosterone

Definition
A) infection
Term
This substance is filtered by the glomerulus and is excreted in the urine; there is minimal reabsorption
Definition
creatinine
Term

Which of the following occurs at the distal convoluted tubule?

 

A) 180 L of water is filtered into the tubules

B) renin is secreted

C) urine flows from the distal convoluted tubule into the ascending loop of Henle

D) sodium and water are reabsorbed

Definition
D) sodium and water are reabsorbed
Term
Low plasma levels of oxygen stimulate the kidneys to secrete this hormone
Definition
erythropoietin
Term
What is caused by a deficiency of erythropoietin?
Definition
anemia
Term

Which condition is characterized by hematuria and pyuria?

 

A) renal failure

B) diuresis

C) retention

D) cycstitis

Definition
D) cycstitis
Term

Which is a possible complication from mumps?

 

A) Seminal vesicles stop production of semen

B) Prostate gland atrophies completely

C) Orchitis (inflammation of testes) may occur

D) Temperature of scrotum increases drastically

Definition
C) Orchitis
Term
The part is above another part or is closer to the head; opposite of inferior
Definition
superior
Term
toward the back surface; another word is dorsal
Definition
posterior
Term
toward the midline of the body; opposite of lateral
Definition
medial
Term
this word describes the relationship of the wrist to the elbow
Definition
distal
Term
Frontal (coronal) plane
Definition
divides body into front and back
Term
sagittal plane
Definition
divides body into left and right
Term
midsagittal plane
Definition
passes through middle of body and divides it into left and right
Term
Transverse plane
Definition
divides body into upper and lower halves
Term
The four basic structural levels in the body
Definition
cells→tissues→organs→systems
Term
The basic unit of structure and function for all living things
Definition
cell
Term
building up
Definition
anabolism
Term
taking apart
Definition
catabolism
Term
Caudal
Definition
near the lower end of the body
Term
parietal
Definition
pertaining to the sides or walls of a cavity
Term
Visceral
Definition
pertaining to the organs within a body
Term
[image]
Definition

1) proximal

2) distal

3) superior

4) inferior

5) anterior

Term
[image]
Definition

1) medial

2) lateral

Term
Urethritis: STDs that usually cause the disease
Definition

  1. Gonorrhea
  2. Chlamydia

 

Term
Urethritis: typical meds used
Definition

  1. Tetracycline
  2. Peridium

Term

A client with urethritis is on Peridium.  She calls the clinic, complaining that her urine appears to be bloody.  The nurse should

 

A) advise the client to see her doctor immediately

B) advise the client to discontinue medication

C) ask the client to come in for testing

D) assure the client that the discoloration is normal

Definition
D) assure the client that the discoloration is normal.
Term

A client is prescribed Peridium for urethritis.  She asks how long it will take for the medication to rid her system of the infection.  The nurse should tell the client,

 

A) "It will take about 5-7 days."

B) "It will take about 2-3 weeks."

C) "Just take the medication until it is all gone."

D) "This medication does not treat the disease."

Definition

D) "This medication does not treat the disease."

 

It's an analgesic.  It only relieves the pain.

Term
Urethritis: common symptoms
Definition

  1. Frequency
  2. Urgency
  3. Dysuria

Term
Trichomonas: complication
Definition

 

Males tend to be asymptomatic, which leads to inadvertently re-infecting their female sex partners.

 

Term
Infection of the urethra
Definition
Urethritis
Term
Infection of the bladder
Definition
Cystitis
Term
Cystitis: highest risk factor
Definition
Use of catheters
Term
Cystitis: diagnostics (4)
Definition

U/A:

  • Turbid appearance
  • Presence of
    • RBCs
    • WBCs
    • Nitrates
Term
Bactrum: adverse effects
Definition
  1. Can cause stones
  2. Reduces effectiveness of birth control pill
Term
Complicated cystitis: common med
Definition
Ciprofloxacin (Cipro)
Term
Complicated cystitis: common cause
Definition
Failure to complete therapy leaves surviving bacteria that become resistant to sulfameds
Term
Infection of kidneys
Definition
Pyelonephritis
Term
Which UTI is more serious and why?
Definition
Pyelonephritis.  Larger blood supply, therefore larger risk of transmission into blood.
Term
UTIs: common causes
Definition
  1. Chronic renal failure
  2. Kidney damage
  3. Sepsis
  4. Bacterial invasion (E. choli)
Term
Which UTI are women at high risk for RE-infection?
Definition
Trichomonas
Term
Inability to control urine
Definition
Enuresis
Term
Why might UTIs among the elderly be missed?
Definition
The only symptom might be fatigue
Term
"Incubation period" for UTI caused by catheter
Definition
48 hours
Term
Test for renal arterial supply
Definition
angiography
Term
Nursing goals to reduce risk of UTI
Definition

Keep area clean and dry

Keep open to air

 

Term
Nursing to reduce stress incontinence
Definition
Teach Kegel exercises
Term
Most common type of incontinence among elderly
Definition
Urge incontinence
Term
Causes of overflow incontinence
Definition

Spinal chord injuries

Prostate enlargement

Term
A client wets himself because he's handcuffed to the bed.  What's this called?
Definition

Functional incontinence

 

(not to mention, cruel and unusual)

Term
How often is a condom catheter changed?
Definition
daily
Term
Nursing care after cystoscopy
Definition

- warm compress

- sitz bath

Term
How is interstitial cystitis diagnosed?
Definition
Biopsy
Term
Bladder cancer: s/sx
Definition
  1. Painless hematuria
  2. Frank blood
  3. Bladder irritability
  4. Bladder retention
  5. Metastatic pains
Term
What is the follow-up procedure after fulguration?
Definition
Cystoscopy, 3 months after fulguration
Term
What makes caring for a urinary ostomy different from caring for a colostomy?
Definition
DON'T irrigate a urinary ostomy.
Term
What can be done to reduce the smell of urinary devices
Definition
Put vinegar in the collection bag
Term

Define:

 

Normal output

Oliguria

Anuria

Polyuria

 

Definition

Normal: 1-2 L/dy

 

Oliguria: <400 ml/dy

 

Anuria: <50 ml/dy

 

Polyuria: >2500 ml/dy

Term
What is in the urine of a client with pyelonephritis that is NOT in the urine of clients with other UTIs?
Definition
Casts
Term
Appearance of normal urine from ileal conduit
Definition
cloudy, mucousy
Term
Foods high in calcium
Definition

Dairy products

Sardines

Broccoli

Green leafy veggies

Term
How to tell pyelonephritis from cystitis (symptoms)
Definition

- Client feels "sicker" than with cystitis

- CostoVertebral Angle Tenderness

Term
Complication of Pyelonephritis
Definition
Repeated infections may scar tissue, leading to kidney failure
Term
Signs of urosepsis among the elderly: early vs late
Definition

Early sign: may only be fatigue

 

Late sign: LOC change

Term
Mandelamine: nursing notes
Definition
  1. Cannot be used with sulfa drugs
  2. Can be used prophylactically
Term
Sulfa preps: nursing tip
Definition
Works well in alkaline urine
Term
Pyridium: teaching
Definition
urine may be orange-red colored
Term
Urethral stricture: treatment
Definition
Remove blockage ASAP
Term
What are renal calculi typically composed of?
Definition
Calcium oxylate
Term
Renal calculi: dietary advice
Definition
Low-pureen diet
Term
Renal calculi: Risk factors
Definition

- Dehydration

- Family history

- High-calcium diets

- Immobility

Term
Renal calculi: classic signs
Definition

- Sudden, severe flank pain

- Renal colic

- Fever

Term
Renal calculi: nursing interventions
Definition
  1. Treat pain to prevent shock
  2. strain urine
  3. Calcium restrictions
  4. Low-oxylate diet
Term
Low-oxylate diet restrictions
Definition
  • beets
  • rhubarbs
  • spinach
  • cocoa
  • coffee
Term
Meds used to treat calcium stones
Definition
Thiazide diuretics
Term
A client with thrombocytopenia is what kind of risk?
Definition
risk for injury
Term
A common complication of most chemotherapeutic agents
Definition
myelosupression
Term
A common diagnostic test that can help determine the presence of a sarcoma
Definition
Serum calcium - Sarcomas invade bone, thus increased calcium deposits in the blood may result.
Term
A personal history of which two CIBDs put a client at high risk for colorectal cancer?
Definition
- Ulcerative colitis
- Crohn's disease
Term
A woman in her 30's is receiving tamoxifen for breast cancer treatment. What side effects should she be aware of?
Definition
Those related to menopause. These side effects include amenorrhea, hot flashes, insomnia, and depression.
Term
Age at which women should start breast self-exams.
Definition
20
Term
Age at which women should start getting ANNUAL mammograms
Definition
40
Term
Ages at which annual PSA tests should begin
Definition
50+
45+ if African-American or if a family history of prostate cancer exists.
40+ if multiple first-degree relatives were affected at an early age.
Term
Alkylating Agents
Definition
interfere with DNA synthesis
Term
Characteristics of a benign neoplasm
Definition
• Slow growth
• Encapsulated (contained within a fibrous cover)
• Composed of differentiated cells (resemble the cells of the tissue from which they develop)
• Lack metastasis (invasion of other tissues in the body)
Term
Characteristics of a malignant neoplasm
Definition

• Rapid growth

• Non-encapsulated

•Infiltrating and invading other tissues

• Anaplastic

• Commonly metastasized

Term
Common colorectal cancer risk factors
Definition
• A personal history of chronic inflammatory bowel disease
• A family history of a hereditary colorectal cancer syndrome (familial adenomatous polyposis or hereditary non-polyposis colon cancer)
Term
Diet considerations for those on chemotherapy
Definition
- High-protein, high-calorie meals
- several small meals throughout the day
- nutritional supplements
Term
Dietary consideration for reduction of cancer risk
Definition
low fat, high fiber, low sodium
Term
Do a PSA before doing a ____________
Definition
digital rectal exam
Term
Drugs that interfere with the formation of blood vessels that grow to feed the cancer cells.
Definition
Antiangiogenic drugs (eg, endostatin, angiostatin)
Term
Education of the client receiving radiation or chemotherapy: basic principle
Definition
avoid anything that may lead to injury
Term
Electrocauterization
Definition
malignant tissue is burned
Term
Grade of tumors that closely resemble normal cells
Definition
Grade I
Term
Grading
Definition
a system of looking at abnormal cells under a microscope to determine the cells' degree of dedifferentiation or lack of maturity
Term
IV push, blocks receptors at nerve endings in the brain and GI tract.
Definition
Serotonin Antagonists
Term
Monoclonal antibodies (MOAB, MoAb)
Definition
Highly specific antibodies that seek out and bind to specific targets on cancer cells, causing apoptosis. Produced by genetically fusing cancer cells with normal cells.
Term
Nursing awareness regarding interleukins
Definition
possible hypotension, edema (incl. pulmonary edema), dyspnea, and tachycardia.
Term
Nursing consideration (personal) when working with a client undergoing implanted radiation therapy
Definition
Do not stay with client longer than necessary.
Term
Recommended frequency of colonoscopy exams
Definition
Every 10 years.
Term
Signs and symptoms of cancer
Definition
• General, unexplained feelings of discomfort
• Prickling, tingling, tightness, soreness that does not go away
• Weakness
• Unexplained loss of weight
• Abnormal findings on breast self-examination (BSE) or testicular self-examination (TSE)
Term
Special care in cleaning up chemotherapy spills
Definition
• use gloves
• special container needed for disposal
Term
Stomatitis
Definition
inflammation of the mouth
Term
They promote the immune response of the T lymphocytes
Definition
Interleukins (IL)
Term
They protect normal cells from invasion by intracellular parasites, including viruses
Definition
Interferons (IFN)
Term
Tumor (T)
Definition
How big is the tumor?
Term
Tumor cells that closely resemble normal cells
Definition
Grade 1
Term
Tumor marker for breast, colorectal, and lung cancers
Definition
Carcinoembryonic antigen (CEA)
Term
Tumor marker for germ-cell tumors, liver cancer
Definition
Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP)
Term
Tumor marker for ovarian, colorectal, and gastric cancers
Definition
CA 125 tumor marker
Term
Tumor markers
Definition
specific enzymes, cancer antigens, oncofetal proteins, hormones, or genes that can indicate malignancies.
Term
Type AND frequency of enema done to test for colon and/or rectal cancer
Definition
double-contrast barium enema - every five years
Term
Unusual bleeding or spotting after menopause is a sign of what?
Definition
Endometrial (uterine) cancer
Term
What do sealed mold internal radiation devices need (from nurses)?
Definition
protective protocols for nursing care.
Term
What should the nurse watch for during administration of monoclonial antibody treatment?
Definition
severe anaphylactic reactions
Term
When should cervical cancer screening begin?
Definition
Age 21 or 3 years after beginning vaginal intercourse.
Term
Which cancer treatment drug causes hot flashes?
Definition
tamoxifen (Nolvadex)
Term
Which cancer treatment drug makes urine red and causes hair loss
Definition
doxorubicin HCl (Adriamycin)
Term
a swish-and-swallow solution that often contains a mixture of diphenhydramine (Benadryl), viscous Xylocaine, and antacid is used. The nurse advises the client to swallow only small amounts. Why?
Definition
The mixture will anesthetize the throat and may cause difficulty in swallowing, talking, or even breathing.
Term
a system of looking at abnormal cells under a microscope to determine the cells' degree of dedifferentiation, or lack of maturity
Definition
Grading
Term
biotherapy
Definition
The body uses its own defenses against tumor cells
Term
can improve the client's immune response to cancer and interfere with the growth of cancer cells.
Definition
MOABs
Term
dietary recommendation in response to stomatitis:
A) a clear, full-liquid diet
B) a soft, bland, tepid diet
C) a high-protein diet.
D) TPN
Definition
B
Term
dry mouth
Definition
xerostomia
Term
fulguration
Definition
malignant tissue is destroyed by high-frequency current.
Term
made by lymphocytes, enhance the effects of the immune system
Definition
Interferons (IFN)
Term
radioactive implants deliver ionizing radiation from within the tumor or a body cavity
Definition
internal brachytherapy, interstitial irradiation, intracavity irradiation
Term
removal of peripheral blood through a large vein of blood that is then sent via tubing through special collection filters in a machine
Definition
apheresis
Term
side effects of interferon use
Definition
flu-like symptoms
Term
special consideration when using monoclonal antibodies
Definition
acute anaphylactic reaction
Term
tumors that are very anaplastic, often having little or no resemblance to the tissue cells from which they developed
Definition
Grade V
Term
Abciximap (ReoPro): class
Definition
Antiplatelet
Term
Acebutolol (Sectral): class
Definition
beta-adrenergic blocker
Term
Acetazolamide (Diamox): class
Definition
carbonic anhydrase inhibitor
Term
Acetylsalicylic acid (Aspirin): class
Definition

Antiplatelet

Term
Alteplase (Activase): class
Definition
Thrombolytic
Term
Amiloride (Midamor): class
Definition
potassium-sparing diuretic
Term
Amlodipine(Norvasc,Amvaz)
Definition

Calcium channel Blockers

Term
Amyl nitrate: class
Definition
antianginal
Term
Argatroban: class
Definition
Parenteral Anticoagulant
Term
Atenolol (Tenormin): class
Definition

Beta-adrenergic blocker

 

Term
Atorvastatin (Lipitor): class
Definition

HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors

 

Term
Atropine: class
Definition
Cholinergic blocker
Term
Benazepril (Lotensin): class
Definition
ACE inhibitor
Term
Bendroflumethiazide (Naturetin): class
Definition
Thiazide
Term
Benthiazide (Exna): class
Definition
Thiazide
Term
Betaxolol (Kerlone): class
Definition

Beta-adrenergic blocker

 

Term
Bisoprolol (Zebeta): class
Definition

Beta-adrenergic blocker

 

Term
Bivalirudin (Angiomax): class
Definition
Parenteral Anticoagulant
Term
Bumetanide (Bumex): class
Definition
Loop diuretic
Term
Candestartan (Atacand): class
Definition
angiotension II receptor blocker
Term
Carteolol (Cartrol): class
Definition

Beta-adrenergic blocker

 

Term
Carvedilol (Coreg): class
Definition

Beta-adrenergic blocker

 

Term
Catopril (Capoten): class
Definition
ACE inhibitor
Term
Chlorothalidone (Hygroton): class
Definition
Thiazide
Term
Chlorothiazide (Diuril): class
Definition
Thiazide diuretic
Term
Cholestyramine (Questran): class
Definition

Bile acid sequestrants

 

Term
Cilostazol (Pletal): class
Definition

Antiplatelet

Term
Clonidine (Catapres): class
Definition
centrally acting sympatholytic
Term
Clopidogrel (Plavix): class
Definition

Antiplatelet

Term
Colesevelam (Welchol): class
Definition

Bile acid sequestrants

 

Term
Colestipol (Colestid): class
Definition

Bile acid sequestrants

 

Term
Dalteparin (Fragmin): class
Definition
Parenteral Anticoagulant
Term
Desirudin (Ipravask): class
Definition
Parenteral Anticoagulant
Term
Digoxin: class
Definition
Cardiac Glycoside
Term
Diltiazem(cardizem,cartia XT,Dilacor XR, diltia XT,Tiazac): class
Definition

Calcium channel Blockers

 

Term
Dipyridamole (Persantine): class
Definition

Antiplatelet

Term
Doxazosin (Cardura): class
Definition
peripherally acting α-adronergic blocker
Term
Enalapril (Vasotec): class
Definition
ACE inhibitor
Term
Enalaprilat (Vasotec): class
Definition
ACE inhibitor
Term
Enoxaparin (Lovenox): class
Definition
Parenteral Anticoagulant
Term
Eptifibatide (Integrilin): class
Definition

Antiplatelet

Term
Esmolol (Brevibloc): class
Definition
beta-adrenergic blocker
Term
Esmolol(Brevibloc): class
Definition

Beta-adrenergic blocker

 

Term
Esprosartan (Teventen): class
Definition
angiotension II receptor blocker
Term
Ethacrynic acid (Edecrin): clss
Definition
loop diuretic
Term
Exetimibe (Zetia): class
Definition

Other antilipemic medications

 

Term
Exetimibe/simivastatin (Vytorin): class
Definition

Other antilipemic medications

 

Term
Felodipine(plendil): class
Definition

Calcium channel Blockers

 

Term
Fenofibrate (Tricor): class
Definition

Other antilipemic medications

 

Term
Fluvastatin (Lescol): class
Definition

HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors

 

Term
Fondaparinux (Arixtra): class
Definition
Parenteral Anticoagulant
Term
Fosinopril (Monopril): class
Definition
ACE inhibitor
Term
Furosemide (Lasix): class
Definition
Loop diuretic
Term
Gemfibrozil (Lopid): class
Definition

Other antilipemic medications

 

Term
Guanabenz Acetate: class
Definition
centrally acting sympatholytic
Term
Heparin sodium: class
Definition
Parenteral Anticoagulant
Term
Heparin: antidote
Definition
Protamine sulfate
Term
Hydrochlorothiazide (HydrDIURIL, HCTZ): class
Definition
Thiazide diuretic
Term
Indapamine (Lozol): class
Definition
thiazide
Term
Irbesartan (Avapro): class
Definition
angiotension II receptor blocker
Term
Isosorbide dinitrate (Isordil): class
Definition
antianginal
Term
Isosorbide mononitrate: class
Definition
antianginal
Term
Labetalol (Nadolol): class
Definition

Beta-adrenergic blocker

 

Term
Lepirudin (Refludan): class
Definition
Parenteral Anticoagulant
Term
Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril): class
Definition
ACE inhibitor
Term
Losartan (Cozaar): class
Definition
angiotension II receptor blocker
Term
Lovastatin (Mevacor): class
Definition

HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors

 

Term
Mannitol (Osmitrol): class
Definition
osmotic diuretic
Term
Methazolamide (GlaucTabs, Neptazane): class
Definition
loop diuretic
Term
Methyclothiazide (Aquastensen, Enduron): class
Definition
thiazide
Term
Methyldopa (Aldomet): class
Definition
centrally acting sympatholytic
Term
Metolazone (Zaroxolyn): class
Definition
Thiazide diuretic
Term
Metoprolol (Lopressor): class
Definition
beta-adrenergic blocker
Term
Metoprolol (Lopressor,toprol-XL): class
Definition

Beta-adrenergic blocker

 

Term
Moexipril (Univasc): class
Definition
ACE inhibitor
Term
Nadolol (Corgard): class
Definition
beta-adrenergic blocker
Term
Nicotinic acid (Niacin)
Definition

Other antilipemic medications

Term
Nifedipine (Adalat, Nifedical, Nifediac, Procardia): class
Definition

Calcium channel Blockers

 

Term
Nimodipine (Nimotop): class
Definition

Calcium channel Blockers

 

 

Term
Nisoldipine (sular): class
Definition

Calcium channel Blockers

 

Term
Nitroglycrin: class
Definition
antianginal
Term
Olmesartan (Benicar): class
Definition
angiotension II receptor blocker
Term
Penbutolol (Levatol): class
Definition
beta-adrenergic blocker
Term
Perindopril (Aceon): class
Definition
ACE inhibitor
Term
Phenoxybenzamine (Dibenzyline): class
Definition
peripherally acting α-adronergic blocker
Term
Phentolamine (Regitine): class
Definition
peripherally acting α-adronergic blocker
Term
Pindolol (Visken): class
Definition
beta-adrenergic blocker
Term
Polythiazide (Renese): class
Definition
thiazides
Term
Pravastatin (Pravachol): class
Definition

HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors

 

Term
Probucol (Lorelco): class
Definition

Other antilipemic medications

 

Term
Propranolol (Inderal): class
Definition

Beta-adrenergic blocker

 

Term
Quinapril (Accupril): class
Definition
ACE inhibitor
Term
Quinethazone (Hydromox): class
Definition
thiazide
Term
Ramipril (Altace): class
Definition
ACE inhibitor
Term
Reteplase (Retavase): class
Definition

Thrombolytic

Term
Simvastatin (Zocor): class
Definition

HMG-CoA Reductase inhibitors

 

Term
Sotalol (Betapace): class
Definition

Beta-adnergic blocker

 

Term
Spironolactone: class
Definition
potassium-sparing diuretic
Term
Streptokinase (Stretase): class
Definition

Thrombolytic

Term
Tamsulosin (Flomax): class
Definition
peripherally acting α-adronergic blocker
Term
Telmisartan (Micardis): class
Definition
angiotension II receptor blocker
Term
Tenecteplase (TNKase): class
Definition

Thrombolytic

Term
Terazosin (Hytrin): class
Definition

PERIPHERAL VASODILATORS: Alpha-adnergic blockers

 

Term
Ticlopidine (Ticlid): class
Definition
Antiplatelet
Term
Timolol (Blocadren): class
Definition
beta-adrenergic blocker
Term
Tinzaparin (Innohep): class
Definition
Parenteral Anticoagulant
Term
Tirofiban (Aggrastat): class
Definition
Antiplatelet
Term
Torsemide (Demadex): class
Definition
Loop diuretic
Term
Trandolapril (Mavik): class
Definition
ACE inhibitor
Term
Triamterene (Dyrenium): class
Definition
potassium-sparing diuretic
Term
Trichlormethazide (Metahydrin): class
Definition
thiazide
Term
Urea (Ureaphil): class
Definition
osmotic diuretic
Term
Urokinase (Abbokinase): class
Definition

Thrombolytic

Term
Valsartan (Diovan): class
Definition
angiotension II receptor blocker
Term
Verapamil (Calan, Isoptin, Covera-HS, Verelan): class
Definition

Calcium channel Blockers

 

 

Term
Warfarin sodium (coumadin): class
Definition
Anticoagulants
Term
isradipine (dynacirc): class
Definition

Calcium channel Blockers

 

Term
ydroflumethazide (Diucardin, Saluron): class
Definition
Thiazide
Term
Nicardipine (Cardene): class
Definition
calcium channel blocker
Term
Pentoxifylline (Trental): class
Definition
hemorrheaologic peripheral vasodilator
Term
Rosuvastatin (Crestor): class
Definition
HMG-CoA reductase inhibitor
Term
A client is 2-3 weeks status post strep throat. What is he at risk for next?
Definition
rheumatic fever, leading to rheumatic heart disease
Term
A person with hypertensive crisis is at risk for what specific event?
Definition
Hemorrhage stroke
Term
Basic types of food to avoid (how they're prepared)(2)
Definition
- canned
- fried
Term
Bottom number of BP
Definition
Diastolic bp
Term
Calcium channel blockers: what NOT to worry about.
Definition
Will not affect bones. CCBs block calcium ions, not bone-forming calcium
Term
Cardiac tamponade: disease process (4)
Definition
- fluid accumulates in the pericardium
- pressure on the heart prevents the heart's ventricles from filling properly
- low stroke volume
- end result is ineffective pumping of blood, shock, and often death.
Term
Cardiomyopathy: Disease process (6)
Definition
- Portion of heart muscle suffocates, deteriorates and necroses
- dead area is replaced with non-functioning scar tissue
- reduced heart efficiency puts additional stress on heart, leading to hypertrophy of myocardium
- cardiac output drops
- eventual heart failure
Term
Cardiomyopathy: drug treatment
Definition
Digoxin
Term
Characteristic of infective endocarditis that makes it difficult to treat
Definition
Infected area gets covered - thus protected - by platelets and fibrin
Term
Creatinine reference range
Definition
0.6 - 1.5
Term
DVT: diagnostic
Definition
Duplex venous Doppler
Term
Deposit of fatty material in the artery
Definition
Plaque
Term
Digoxin: Nursing considerations (2)
Definition
- Monitor for Digoxin toxicity
- Monitor potassium levels, especially if patient also on diuretics
Term
Digoxin: effect
Definition
Increases the force of myocardial contraction
Term
Digoxin: treatments for toxicity (2)
Definition
Digibind
Digi Fab
Term
Diuretics: mechanism
Definition
Elimination of fluid and potassium
Term
Diuretics: side-effect
Definition
Impotence
Term
Endocarditis: hallmark sx
Definition
- High fever
- heart murmur
Term
First line of treatment for hypertension
Definition
Lifestyle change
Term

For whom would beta blockers be a waste of time?

A) Ronan

B) Carly

C) Adenike

D) Stacy

E) Mr. Adnan

Definition
C) Adenike
Term
Glucose reference range
Definition
70 - 110
Term
High BP of unknown cause
Definition
Primary (Essential) hypertension
Term
High BP that is a symptom of a specific cause
Definition
Secondary hypertension
Term
How do you know diuretics are working
Definition
Lots of pee
Term
Hypertension drug therapy: age-related consideration
Definition
Drug tolerance decreases with age. Older patients should be started more slowly.
Term
Hypertension medication of choice for blacks
Definition
- Lasix
- hydrodiuril
Term
Infective endocarditis: diagnostics
Definition
blood cultures
Term
Magnesium reference range
Definition
1.3 - 2.1
Term
Maximal pressure exerted on arteries during contraction of left ventricle
Definition
Systolic blood pressure
Term
Digoxin
Definition
Myocarditis: drug treatment
Term
120/70
Definition
Normal BP
Term

D) Notify RN

 

Holding the next dose will probably be next, but that's not your call.

Definition
Patient on Heparin or Coumading has bleeding gums. What do you do? A) Switch to Trident B) Oral care C) Hold the next dose D) Notify RN
Term
Notify RN/MD
Definition
Patient shows signs of pulmonary effusion. What do you do?
Term

C) raise his head.

 

He's suffering from an increased fluid volume around his heart and lungs.

 

(unless he really does have a pillow on his face)

Definition

Patient wakes up feeling like he's suffocating. What do you do?

 

 A) take the pillow off his face

B) raise his feet

C) raise his head

D) give him something warm and soothing to drink

Term
NSAIDS
Definition
Pericarditis: treatment
Term
Powerful vasoconstrictor produced by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Definition
Angiotensin II
Term
Pulmonary effusion: s/sx (4)
Definition
- Feeling of pending doom
- Sudden severe SOB (hence the pending doom)
- Sudden chest pain (yes, more reason for pending doom)
- decrease in pulse ox (now the nurse senses pending doom)
Term
RBC reference range
Definition
4.2 - 4.8
Term
Rhematic carditis: prevention (for all)
Definition
- treat sore throats promptly
Term
Sign of left-sided heart failure (2)
Definition
- Dyspnea
- Crackles
Term
Sources of magnesium (3)
Definition
- spinach
- lima beans
- garbonzo beans
Term
Systolic > 140, diastolic < 90
Definition
Isolated systolic hypertension
Term
Term denoting normal blood pressure
Definition
Normotensive
Term
Therapeutic range for PT
Definition
13.5 - 24
Term
Those with Rheumatic carditis usually have what kind of history?
Definition
Beta hemolytic group A strep throat
Term
Uric acid reference range
Definition
2.0 - 7.0
Term
WBC reference range
Definition
4.5 - 11
Term
What areas do infective endocarditis affect?
Definition
- mitral and aortic valves
Term
What does Rheumatic carditis usually affect
Definition
The mitral valve
Term
What is the major cause of hypertensive crisis?
Definition
Client with history of hypertension stops taking meds - BP spikes.
Term
What is the major complication of infective endocarditis?
Definition
Emboli
Term

Where's the best place for a patient with DVT?

A) Ron's chair

B) Matt's bicycle

C) Nicole's bed

D) The other end of Douglas' leash

Definition
C) Nicole's bed
Term

Which patient(s) can be sent home? SELECT ALL THAT APPLY

A) Patient who just dated Ron

B) Patient on Heparin

C) Patient on Coumadin

D) Patient on Digoxin

Definition

C) Patient on Coumadin

D) Patient on Digoxin

Heparin is fast-acting, and needs to be monitored closely.

The patient who dated Ron will need to go back to the psyche ward.

Term

Who is most prone to hypertension?

A) Ngok

B) Olaniyi

C) Matt

D) Mrs. Lee

Definition

B) Olaniyi

(Except when grading tests, it's Mrs. Lee)

Term
Who tends to be at risk for pulmonary effusion?
Definition
- Those on prolonged bedrest
- Those who constantly cross their legs in bed (probably not Ron).
Term
Antihypertensive of choice for europeans
Definition
beta blockers
Term
Digoxin: Effects on blood
Definition
- Potassium levels decrease
- Dig levels increase
Term
Potassium-sparing loop diuretic that works on the distal tubule
Definition
Aldactone
Term
Doctor orders Digoxin. What else would you expect to see ordered?
Definition
Potassium chloride, 10-20 MG
Term
Cardizem: classification
Definition
Calcium channel blocker
Term
Procardiac: classification
Definition
Calcium channel blocker
Term
Patient on hypertension meds. Latest BP=120/80. What do you do? (SELECT ALL THAT APPLY)

A) hold dose
B) give dose
C) ask MD about reducing dosage
Definition
B only
Term
Beta blockers: pre-admin intervention
Definition
Check BP and pulse. Hold if sys<100, dias<70, or pulse<60
Term
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG); advantage and disadvantage of using mammary artery over saphenous
Definition
A: longer patency
D: procedure more difficult and time-consuming.
Term
Bumex: diet consideration
Definition
Increase potassium intake
Term
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft: Purpose (2)
Definition
- Increase blood flow to myocardium
- Alleviate angina
Term
Endarterectomy: What to expect in the long-term
Definition
Site will re-occlude.
Term
Classic symptom of an arterial clot
Definition
Pain
Term
Aneurysm: definition
Definition
Outpouching of an artery
Term
Aneurysm: Treatment and its goal
Definition
Reduce BP to lessen chance of rupture.
Term
Thoracic aneurysm: s/sx (3)
- Chest pain
- Shoulder pain
Definition
- Back pain (caused by pressure on vertebrae)
Term
Dissecting aneurysm: Definition
Definition
Process of artery wall layers being pulled apart
Term
Dissecting aneurysm: s/sx
Definition
Sudden, severe pain
Term
Prominent, pulsating bulge in abdomen
Definition
Abdominal aneurysm: s/sx
Term
What NOT to do to an abdominal aneurysm
Definition
DON'T palpate it.
Term
Modifiable risk factors for blood clots (2)
Definition
- smoking
- caffeine
Term
Risk factors for VENOUS blood clots (3)
Definition
- extended bed rest
- crossing legs
- dehydration (increases blood viscosity)
Term
nursing care is directed at _______.
Definition
relieving pain
Term
Pain-sensing nerve endings
Definition
Nociceptors
Term
Pain felt in limbs no longer present (ie, amputee patients)
Definition
phantom pain
treat it as any other pain
Term
psychogenic pain
Definition
Physical manifestation of depression
Term
natural pain-killers. Don't last long.
Definition
endorphins
Term
A form of pain management that utilizes imagination.
Definition
guided imagery
Term
Examples include sprains, bone fractures, burns, bumps, bruises, inflammation (from an infection or arthritic disorder), obstructions, and myofascial pain (which may indicate abnormal muscle stresses).
Definition
nociceptive pain
Term
pain threshold
Definition
the point at which pain begins to be felt.
Term
NSAID
Definition
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, usually abbreviated to NSAIDs or NAIDs, are drugs with analgesic, antipyretic (fever-reducing) and, in higher doses, with anti-inflammatory effects (reducing inflammation)
Term
PCA
Definition
Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is a computerized pump that safely permits you to push a button and deliver small amounts of pain medicine into your intravenous (IV) line, usually in your arm.
Term
TENS
Definition
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation - the application of electrical current through the skin for pain control.
Term
transduction
Definition
nervous system changes painful stimuli in the nerve endings to impulses.
Term
that originates in one body part but is perceived in another part of the body.
Definition
Referred pain
Term
Referred pain
Definition
that originates in one body part but is perceived in another part of the body.
Term
discomfort that continues for a long period (6 months or longer).
Definition
Chronic pain
Term
Signs of depression
Definition
withdrawn, sleeplessness, appetite changes, other behaviors out of thier norm.
Term
effect of most pain medications - slowing down of vitals, etc.
Definition
Conscious setation
Term
pain rating scales used for children
Definition
Wong-Baker and FLACC
Term
Pain assessment tool in which the nurse uses observed behaviors to determine pain level
Definition
FLACC - The nurse observes the child's face, legs, activity, cry, and consolability
Term
When would we give planned pain medications?
Definition
Right after surgery and 30 min before a painful procedure.
Term
what is the term used for a chronic pain that resists therapeutic actions.
Definition
intractable pain
Term
another name for a chronic pain is......
Definition
neuropathic pain.
Term
The most dangerous of the antidepressants
Definition
Triciclets
Term
What is the traditional Chinese belief regarding pain?
Definition
That pain is related to the imbalance of yin and yang or hot and cold.
Term
This culture tends to express pain quite regularly.
Definition
Jewish
Term
The mneumonic used when gathering information on client symptoms (including pain).
Definition
COLDSPA
CHARACTER: Describe the sign or symptom. How does it feel, look, sound, smell, and so forth?
ONSET: When did it begin?
LOCATION: Where is it? Does it radiate?
DURATION: How long does it last? Does it recur?
SEVERITY: How bad is it?
PATTERN: What makes it better? What makes it worse?
ASSOCIATED FACTORS: What other symptoms occur with it?
Term
How analgesics provide pain relif
Definition
by altering the body's sodium and potassium levels, thus slowing or haltin pain transmission.
Term
nursing interventions for pain management.
Definition
diversion, change position, bathing, back rub, massaging hands.
Term
What structure does diabetes damage?
Definition
Blood vessels
Term

Early signs of hypoglycemia: select all that apply

 

a) coma

b) confusion

c) headache

d) hunger

e) pallor

f) palpitations

g) seizures

h) sweating

i) tremor

 

Definition

C) headache.

D) hunger

E) pallor 

F) palpitations

G) sweating

H) tremor

 

 

Term
What does the Glucose Tolerance Test involve?
Definition

- Client ingests a concentrated carbohydrate drink. 

- Blood glucose measured 2 hrs later

- result over 200 indicates DM

- result 140-199 indicates impaired glucose tolerance (IGT)

Term
Fruity breath: sign of? Who can get it?
Definition
- DKA
- Type 1 DM only (for now)
Term
Foot care for the diabetic: What NOT to do.
Definition
- Don't soak feet
- Don't put lotion between the toes
- Don't wear rubber shoes
Term
s/sx hypoglycemia (6)
Definition
- Tremors,
- diaphoresis,
- change LOC quickly,
- irritable,
- weakness,
- cold and clammy skin
Term
Examples of macrovascular complications
Definition
- arthersclerosis
- arteriosclerosis
- hyptertension
- elevated LDL and trigs
- stroke
- heart attack
Term
Effects of exercise
Definition
- brings down glucose levels
- reduces need for insulin
Term
Purpose for rotating insulin injection sites
Definition
- decreases irritation
- increases absorption rate.
Term
Type 2 DM: mechanism
Definition
- pancreas doesn't make enough insulin
- insufficient or ineffective insulin receptors
Term
Reasons for recommending 5-6 meals per day
Definition
- stable input, maintains constistent glucose levels
Term
Give the steps for mixing 10 units regular insulin and 20 units NPH insulin
Definition
1- Inspect both bottles for proper type, expiration date, etc.
2- wipe off both bottle tops with alcohol wipe
3- Insert syringe into NPH bottle and inject 20 units air. withdraw needle
4- insert needle into regular bottle and inject 10 units air. DO NOT remove needle.
5- invert bottle and draw 10 units regular insulin. withdraw needle
6- re-insert needle into NPH bottle and withdraw 20 units insulin. Withdraw needle.
NOTE: If you withdraw too much from the second bottle, you CANNOT inject it back in. Discard the syringe and start over.
Term
According to the carb exchange list, how much rice equals one slice of bread
Definition
1/2 cup
Term
Client takes regular insulin, but does not eat enough. When is he at risk for hyperinsulinism?
Definition
2 hrs later - at the peak of the insulin cycle.
Term
Exchange list: 1 cup rice can be exchanged for what
Definition
2 slices bread
Term
Postprandial glucose test: diabetes diagnosed at what limit?
Definition
200+
Term
When to check client after giving regular insulin
Definition
30 min
Term
Proper glucose testing schedule
Definition

30 min before meal

AND

2 hrs after meal

Term
How soon after giving INSULIN will you check BLOOD SUGAR?
Definition
30 min.
Term
Normal HBA1c
Definition
4-6%
Term
normal preprandial plasma glucose
Definition
70-110
Term
you administer LISPRO @ 0730, what time should BREAKFAST be served?
Definition
@ 0735
Term
how is INSULIN stored?
Definition
@ ROOM temperature
Term
How long can insulin be stored after being opened?
Definition
1 month
Term
Desmopressin (DDAVP)
Definition
Antidiuretic Hormone
Term
vasopressin (pitressin)
Definition
Antidiuretic hormone
Term
Methimazole (Tapazole)
Definition
Antithyroid
Term
If lispro is given at 7:30 am, when should breakfast be given?
Definition
As soon after as possible
Term
When administering insulin to a type 1 diabetic, what is the most important thing the nurse needs to know?

A) duration of insulin
B) accuracy of the dose
C) site of injection
D) technique of injiction
Definition
B) accuracy of the dose
Term
The nurse reviews the lab tests of a DKA patient. Which is an expected finding?

A) BS=250
B) pH=6.9
C) HCO3=19
D) PCO2=40
Definition
B) pH=6.9
Indicates acidosis
Term
If the abdomen is not available, what is the next choice for insulin injection
Definition
Anterior thigh

HCO3 is only slightly low, not quite low enough to indicate the kind of acidity expected from DKA
Term
where is the PREFERRED site for SHORT and INTERMEDIATE acting Insulin?
Definition
Abdomen
Term
Which drug inhibits glucose production by the liver?
Definition
Biguanide
Term
metformin (Glucophage)
Definition
Biguanide
Term
Which would be included in teaching about foot care?

A) Wash feet in hot water daily
B) Use razor to remove cysts or calluses
C) Apply moisterizer daily
D) wear well-fitting comfortable rubber shoes
Definition
C
Term
Most important diabetic dietary consideration
Definition
Calories: consistent intake
Term
Sugars are the digested result of what?
Definition
Carbs
Term
Most recognizable symptom of possible diabetes.
Definition
Constant infections (slow healing).
Term
Major factor in type diabetes
A) high-fat diet
B) diet high in carbs
C)
D) Obesity
Definition
D
Term
Which is appropriate for insulin
A) Deltoid
B) forearm
C) lateral gluteus
D) anterior thigh
Definition
D) anterior thigh
Term
What nurse typically give to unconscious pt for low BS
Definition
D50: dextrose 50%
Term
Hyperglycemia in a DM 1 patient can lead to what?
Definition
DKA - Diabetic ketoacidosis
Term
Cause of Diabetes type I
Definition
Caused by autoimmune destruction of beta cells
Term
most important intervention to tell DM patients:
Definition
Do Not skip meals, CONSISTENCY, eat all meals at consistent times.
Term
What advice is given to the client regarding exercise when glucose is above 250 and keytones are present?
Definition

Don't exercise.  This indicates insufficient insulin is present, and glycogen may be released during exercise, making the problem worse instead of better.

(Also true if BS>300 without ketones)

Term
DM 1 patients who get sick should do what?
Definition
Drink juice to bring up glucose.
Term
After teaching a group of students about DKH, and HHNK, more teaching needed if which is identified as HHNK

A) glucose over 500
B) elevated potassium
C) decreased sodium
D) ph 7.35 - 7.45
Definition
Elevated potassium

lytes elevate in DKA, not HHNK
Term
Why does exercise lower blood sugar levels?
Definition
Exercising muscle cells do not need insulin to help absorb glucose
Term
Fludrocortisone acetate
Definition
mineralcorticoid
Term
DM client complains of symptoms, but is stable. What to do first
Definition
glucoscan
Term
triamcinolone (Aristocort)
Definition
Glucocorticoid
Term
Dexamethasone (Decadron)
Definition
Glucocorticoid
Term
GTT prep
Definition
Glucose tolerance test (GTT)
client must fast 12 hrs before test.
Term
What test is used to monitor progress of diabetes control?
Definition
Glycohemoglobin (HbA1c)
Term
What are macrovascular complications
Definition
Heart, brain
Term
Responsible for up to 90% of diabetes 2
Definition
Heredity
Term
Rapid-acting insulin: give onset, peak and duration
Definition
Humalog:
- Onset 15-30 min
- Peak 30-90 min
- Duration up to 5 hrs

NovoLog:
- onset 10-20 min
- peak 1-3 hr
- duration 3-5 hr
Term
long-acting: give onset, peak and duration
Definition
Humulin U:
onset 4-6 hr
peak 14-24 hr
duration 26-36 hr

Glargine (lantus):
- onset 70 min
- no peak
- 24 hr
Term
When mixing insulins (NPH and Regular), into which bottle do you inject air first?
Definition
Inject air into NPH bottle first.
Term
Why glucophage is a preferred treatment med.
Definition
It rarely causes hypoglycemia

(although it could cause lactic acidosis)
Term
Side effect of Desmopressin (DDAVP) to watch for
Definition
Lethargy
Term
Diabetics of all types should have what sort of protection
Definition
Medic-alert bracelet
Term
Drug that helps tissue use insulin more effectively
Definition
Metformin
Term
flurocortisone (Florinef Ac..)
Definition
Mineralcorticoid
Term
Lispro/Aspart/Exubera/Humalog/Novalog: insulin type:
Definition
Rapid-acting
Term
What kind of insulin can be given via the pump?
Definition
Regular
Term
What is the only type of insulin that can be given by IV?
Definition
Regular.
Term
Short-acting: give onset, peak and duration
Definition
Short-acting
- Onset 30 - 60 min
- Peak 2-5 hr
- duration 3-5 hr
Term
Erectile dysfunction is a sign of what?
Definition
Sign of autonomic neuropathy
Term
Chlorpropamide (Diabinese)
Definition
Sulfonylureas
Term
glipizide (Glucotrol)
Definition
Sulfonylureas
Term
glyburide (DiaBeta)
Definition
Sulfonylureas
Term
How do we know patients know how to check glucose or give insulin?
Definition
The patient demonstrates it back to you.
Term
Rosiglitazone (Avandia)
Definition
Thiazolidinedione
Term
All are symptoms of hypoglycemia except

A) Shaking
B) Feeling cold
C) Dizziness
D) Excessive thirst
Definition
Thirst:

This is hyperglycemia
Term
Who would most likely need the following advice: "avoid exercising at the time of day when your blood sugar is at its lowest."
Definition
Those on intermediate-acting insulin
Term
How to know if a cut or injury is healing?
Definition
Through documentation. Comparing size and appearance from shift to shift.
Term
levothyroxine (Synthroid)
Definition
Thyroid Hormone
Term
DKA: diagnostic
Definition
Urine ketones
Term
Why the type 2 diabetic cannot take oral insulin?
Definition
Won't work - stomach won't absorb it.
Term
What to avoid when on glyburide
Definition
alcohol
Term
methimazole (tapazole)
Definition
antithyroid medications
Term
propylthiouracil (PTU)
Definition
antithyroid medications
Term
A patient with type 1 has glucose 324. Usually <150. What does he do first

A) Drink OJ
B) Call MD
C) Check urine for ketones and drink water
D) Lie down and recheck glucose in 2hr
Definition
c
Term
If diabetec has MILD symptoms, what do do first
Definition
check glucose level
Term
Best way to prevent nephropathy
Definition
control your blood sugar
Term
Pt's on GLYBURIDE should avoid what?
Definition
drinking ALCOHOL
Term
when administering HUMULOG, what precaution must be taken?
Definition
have FOOD TRAY readily available (this insulin is fast acting)
Term
low, bounding pulse is a sign of what?
Definition
hypoglycemia
Term
What client can do to reduce risk of ketoacidosis
Definition
increase fluid intake.
Term
NPH Humulin N/Novalin N: insulin type
Definition
intermediate-acting
Term
Intermediate-acting: give onset, peak and duration
Definition
intermediate-acting:
onset 1-2 hr
peak 6-12 hr
duration 18-26 hr
Term
Patient's wife asks why his dm has fruity odor
Definition
ketones
Term
Humulin U/Ultralente/glargine/lantus/Levemir: insulin type
Definition
long-acting
Term
Purpose of sliding scale
Definition
make proper insulin adjustments
Term
Purpose of insulin
Definition
moves glucose into body cells for use
Term
Unconscious patient with severe hyperglycemia and dehydration, AND elevated osmolarity. What is the diagnosis?
Definition
nonketotic hyperosmolar coma
Term
Type 1 DM: mechanism
Definition
pancreas stops making insulin
Term
A client has peripheral neuropathy. How is this manifested?
Definition
peripheral neuropathy - tingling, numbness, and a general lack of sensation in the fingers.
Term
Preferred site for intermediate or short-acting insulin
Definition
Abdomen
Term
What type of diabetic would be prescribed Diabeta?
Definition
type 2
Term
Age of onset for type 1 DM
Definition
up to age 30
Term
Tests that require contrast medium
Definition
- Upper GI series
- Lower GI series
- computer imaging
Term
B12 Deficiency results in ...
Definition
Pernicious anemia
Term
PICC: defined
Definition
peripherally inserted central catheter
Term
Nursing intervention for patient gagging and complaining of pain from NG
Definition
mouth care
Term
NG tube: intervention NOT requiring MD order
Definition
mouth care
Term
TPN: definition
Definition
- Total Parenteral Nutrients
- central venous access
- placement of catheter in to large blood vessel (sup. vena cava)
- direct IV admin of fluids
- nutrients into circulatory system
Term
air being instilled into the bowel
Definition
insufflation
Term
clear liquid diet
Definition
anything you can see through
Term
colon is inflated with air during colonoscopy
Definition
insufflation
Term
colonoscopy: post-procedure consideration
Definition
colon is insufflated during procedure. Help patient release air afterwards.
Term
description of the Levin tube
Definition
- single lumen
- no air vent (so use low intermittent suction
Term
description of the Salem sump
Definition
- double-lumen
- has air vent (so low to medium continuous suction allowed)
Term
dumping syndrome: Causal foods
Definition
- High in cholesterol and electrolytes, especially salt.
- MSG
Term
dumping syndrome: intervention
Definition
small, frequent meals
Term
dumping syndrome: process
Definition
Rapid entry of food into the jejunum without proper mixing of the food with digestive juices
Term
dumping syndrome: s/sx (7)
Definition
- palpitations
- sweating
- faintness
- excessive weakness
- diarrhea
- vomiting
- Signs of shock may develop
Term
four abdominal assessments
Definition
- inspection
- auscultation
- palpitation
- percussion
Term
function of Intrinsic factor
Definition
Required for absorption of vitamin B12
Term
gastric surgery: NG tube precautions
Definition
- no pushing the tube
- no irrigating
Term
how do you get rid of gas in an ostomy bag?
Definition
Open it and let it out
Term
how to decrease patient anxiety regarding therapy
Definition
teaching
Term
how to determine if TPN is working
Definition
daily weight
Term
insufflation
Definition
colon is inflated with air during colonoscopy
Term
intervention for starting tube feeding
Definition
check placement - aspirate contents
Term
interventions for the patient about to have GI therapy (6)
Definition

- informed consent

- NPO midnight

- void prior

- GoLytely

- Labs

- V/S

 

Term
is gag-reflex check needed after lower GI exam?
Definition
No
Term
is gag-reflex check needed after upper GI exam?
Definition
No. Barium does not numb the throat
Term
key points to removing NG tube
Definition
- clamp tube before removing
- remove in a continuous motion
Term
needed for absorption of vitamin B12
Definition
Intrinsic factor
Term
nursing care of patient with NG tube
Definition
- frequent mouth care
Term
ostomy type: discharge is liquid to mushy, foul odor
Definition
Cecostomy
Term
ostomy type: discharge is liquid, mushy
Definition
ileostomy
Term
ostomy type: discharge is mushy to semiformed
Definition
Right transverse colostomy
Term
ostomy type: discharge is semiformed, soft
Definition
Left transverse colostomy
Term
ostomy type: discharge is soft to hard formed
Definition
Descending or sigmoid colostomy
Term
ostomy: Nursing considerations for client (5)
Definition
– Clothing: not tight
– Bathing
– Skin care: Review appliance application
– Activity
– Diet
Term
ostomy: Skin barrier circumference:
Definition
1/16" – 1/8” from the stoma
Term
ostomy: diet considerations (9)
Definition
Avoid foods that could cause blockage:
- Green leafy vegetables,
- cole slaw,
- celery, corn,
- foods with nondigestible peels, - coconut,
- mushrooms,
- nuts,
- dried fruits,
- chinese vegetables,
- meats with casings
Term
ostomy: frequency of appliance change
Definition
1-2 times per week
Term
ostomy: normal appearance (4)
Definition
- pink
- moist
- some blood right after
- no blood after 3 days
Term
ostomy: when is the pouch emptied
Definition
When it is 1/3 to 1/2 full
Term
peptic ulcer: description
Definition
ulceration in mucosal wall of stomach, pylorus, duodenum or esophagus
Term
position for tube-feeding of comatose patient
Definition
30 degrees to high-Fowlers
Term
post-GI therapy intervention
Definition
laxatives
Term
process of transferring food elements into circulation for transport
Definition
absorption
Term
tpn indication
Definition
situations requiring alternative feeding between 2 wks and 2 months
Term
tpn interventions
Definition
- Do not change the dressing
- Check glucose q6h
- Start (and stop) slowly to allow pancreas to adjust
Term
tube feeding: when is it held?
Definition
When residual is over 100cc
Term
upper GI components
Definition
- esophagus
- stomach
- duodenum
Term
what to do if NG tube is not draining
Definition
- check for leaks by aspirating
- flush with water (30ml max)
Term
when is irrigating an NG tube with normal saline the only correct choice?
Definition
- tube in place for extended period AND
- electrolytes are low
Term
why we put skin barrier on stoma
Definition
prevent skin breakdown from frequent appliance changes
Term
PICC: usual placement
Definition
subclavian vein
Term
Enteral nutrition: description (2)
Definition
- tube feeding - catheter into stomach
Term

Blood is responsible for the transportation of:

1._________, 2._________, 3.________, 4._________, 5.__________, and 6._____________ to and from the cells

Definition

1.oxygen

2.carbon dioxide

3.nutirents

4.heat

5.waste products

6.hormones

 

Blood also helps regulate pH, body temperature, and cellular water content. It contributes to protection from blood loss and foreign body invasion.

Term
Blood is considered a ___________ tissue
Definition

Connective Tissue

 

It differs from other connective tissues, however, in that its cells are not fixed, but move freely in liquid portion of the blood know as plasma.

Term

KEY CONCEPT PG 236

 

A form of erythropoietin derived in DNA technology may be used to treat the type of anemia caused by insufficient or ineffective RBCs. This is called?

Definition
recombinant human erythropoietin or epoetin alfa
Term
What can the loss of albumin result in?
Definition
dramatic fluid shifts, edema, hypotension, and even death.
Term
both are essential for blood clotting.
Definition
Fibrinogen and prothrombin
Term
Loss of albumin can result in ___
Definition
dramatic fluid shifts, edema, hypotension, and even death
Term
What mineral is important for hemoglobin
Definition
IRON
Term
Who is the universal recipient
Definition
AB (+)
Term
Which WBC carries heparin
Definition
BASOPHILS
Term
Which WBC detoxifies foreign bodies
Definition
EOSINOPHILS
Term
Which WBC recognizes foreign antigens
Definition
LYMPHOCYTES
Term
Which WBC releases histamine during an inflammation
Definition
BASOPHILS
Term
Which WBC is important in allergies and parasitics
Definition
EOSINOPHILS
Term
Percentage of WBCs that are Basophils
Definition
0-1
Term
Percentage of WBCs that are monocytes
Definition
3-7
Term
Percentage of WBCs that are Neutrophils
Definition
57-67:
3-5% bands, 54-62% segmented
Term
Percentage of WBCs that are Lymphocytes
Definition
25-33
Term
Percentage of WBCs that are eosinophils
Definition
1-3
Term
RBC reference range
Definition
4.40 - 5.60 X106/uL
Term
Hemoglobin (Hgb) reference range
Definition
13.0 - 18.0 g/dL
Term
Hematocrit (Hct) reference range
Definition
38-50%
Term
Mean Corpuscular Volume (MCV) reference range
Definition
81 - 98 fL
Term
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin (MCH) reference range
Definition
27.3 - 33.6 pg
Term
Mean Corpuscular Hemoglobin
Concentration (MCHC)
Definition
32.3 - 35.7 g/dL
Term
Platelets (Thrombocytes)
Definition
150 - 400 x1000/uL
Term
White Blood Count (WBC)
(Leukocytes) reference range
Definition
4.3 - 10.0 X1000/uL
Term
Platelets (Thrombocytes) indication
Definition
Helps blood clotting in order to stop bleeding from injury. Decreased platelet count is called thrombocytopenia.
Term
WBC indications
Definition
Low levels associated with risk of infection; high levels indicates possible
infection.
Term
Neutrophil indications
Definition
These cells provide primary defense against bacterial infection Range: 50-70% of White Blood Cells Bands: 2-6% of White Blood Cells
Term
Lymphocytes indications
Definition
Many kinds of immune cells; protect
against pathogens (bacteria, virus, fungi)
and cancer
Term
Which of the following medications should be witheld from a patient with a bleeding disorder?
A. Digoxin(Lanoxin)
B. Thyroid hormone
C. Morphine
D. Aspirin
Definition
D. Aspirin
Term
Which of the following nutrient deficiencies are most likely to be the cause of anemia?
A Vitamin C,D, and selenium
B Iron,folic acid,and vitamin B12
C Vitamin A,calcium, and phosphorus
D Aluminum, vitamin E, and beta carotene.
Definition
B. Iron,folic acid,and vitamin B12
MS, pg 510
Term
Which of the following foods should the nurse encourage the patiennt with iron deficiency anemia to eat?
A molasses and red meats
B citrus fruits and dairy products
C yellow vegetables,green teas
D Berries and natural cereals
Definition
A. molasses and red meats
MS, pg 522
Term
A patient with aplastic anemia is to receive an injction of erythropoietin (Epogen). She asks what the injection intended to do.Which of the following responses by the nurse is best?
A it works like a blood transfusion to give you extra red blood cells
B it will inhibit the protein that is attacking byour red blood cells.
c It will stimulate your body to produce more of its own red blood cells
D it will give you energy while your body is recovering from the anemia.
Definition
C. It will stimulate your body to produce more of its own red blood cells
MS, pg 525
Term
Which of the following manifestations alerts the nurse to the possibility of disseminated intravascular coagulation(DIC)?
A Weakness of paralysis on one side
B Rising blood pressure and pulse
C Petechiae
D Absence of pulses in extremeties
Definition
C. Petechiae
MS, pg 530
Term
Which of the following nursing actions is the best way to prevent infection in the post operative patient?
A Practice good hand washing
B Check vital signs every 4 hours
C Change wound dressings daily.
D Encourage 2 liters of fluid daily.
Definition
A. Practice good hand washing
Term
Thrombin
Definition
This enzyme dissolves a clot
Term
Thrombocytes
Definition
Another name for platelets
Term
WBC
Definition
its primary role is the defense of the body, especially against pathogens
Term
Definition
this anticoagulant acts primarily as an antithrombin agent
Term
Definition
converts fibrinogen to fibrin threads
Term
It is one of the most common reasons that people seek healthcare
Definition
pain
Term
It is the single best indicator of pain.
Definition
client's self-report
Term
nursing care is directed at _______.
Definition
relieving pain
Term
Pain-sensing nerve endings
Definition
Nociceptors
Term
Pain felt in limbs no longer present (ie, amputee patients)
Definition
phantom pain
treat it as any other pain
Term
Physical manifestatin of depression
Definition
Psychogenic pain
Term
psychogenic pain
Definition
Physical manifestation of depression
Term
Those at risk for poor pain management include ____ and ______
Definition
Children / mentally disabled
Term
natural pain-killers. Don't last long.
Definition
endorphins
Term
A form of pain management that utilizes imagination.
Definition
guided imagery
Term
nociceptive pain
Definition
Normal process of stimuli that damages normal tissues or has the potential to do so if prolonged; usually responsive to nonopioids and/or opioids.
Term
Examples include sprains, bone fractures, burns, bumps, bruises, inflammation (from an infection or arthritic disorder), obstructions, and myofascial pain (which may indicate abnormal muscle stresses).
Definition
nociceptive pain
Term
pain threshold
Definition
the point at which pain begins to be felt.
Term
pain tolerance
Definition
the amount of pain that a person can withstand before breaking down emotionally and/or physically.
Term
referred pain
Definition
pain perceived at a site adjacent to or at a distance from the site of an injury's origin.[
Term
NSAID
Definition
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, usually abbreviated to NSAIDs or NAIDs, are drugs with analgesic, antipyretic (fever-reducing) and, in higher doses, with anti-inflammatory effects (reducing inflammation)
Term
PCA
Definition
Patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) is a computerized pump that safely permits you to push a button and deliver small amounts of pain medicine into your intravenous (IV) line, usually in your arm.
Term
TENS
Definition
Transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation - the application of electrical current through the skin for pain control.
Term
Needed in order for patient to feel pain
Definition
an intact nervous system
Term
Chemicals released during inflammatory pain
Definition
histamine, acetocholine, prostaglandis and bradykinin
Term
the four phases of nociception
Definition
Transduction, transmission, perception, modulation
Term
the four phases of nociception
Definition
Transduction, transmission, perception, modulation
Term
normal pain transmission and interpretation
Definition
nociception
Term
nervous system changes painful stimuli in the nerve endings to impulses.
Definition
transduction
Term
transduction
Definition
nervous system changes painful stimuli in the nerve endings to impulses.
Term
The impulses travel from their original site to the brain.
Definition
transmission
Term
transmission
Definition
The impulses travel from their original site to the brain.
Term
The brain recognizes, defines, and responds to pain.
Definition
perception
Term
perception
Definition
The brain recognizes, defines, and responds to pain.
Term
The body activates needed inhibitory responses to the effects of pain (Craven & Hirnle, 2007). If the modulation response of the body is not successful, external intervention is required to manage the pain. Some of these interventions are discussed later in this chapter.
Definition
modulation
Term
modulation
Definition
The body activates needed inhibitory responses to the effects of pain (Craven & Hirnle, 2007). If the modulation response of the body is not successful, external intervention is required to manage the pain. Some of these interventions are discussed later in this chapter.
Term
Acute pain
Definition
Usually a sensation that ends abruptly. Typically lasts less than six months. Usually intermittent, not constant.
Term
Usually a sensation that ends abruptly. Typically lasts less than six months. Usually intermittent, not constant.
Definition
Acute pain
Term
that originates in one body part but is perceived in another part of the body.
Definition
Referred pain
Term
Referred pain
Definition
that originates in one body part but is perceived in another part of the body.
Term
Verey severe pain that may be considered intractable and chronic
Definition
Cancer pain
Term
discomfort that continues for a long period (6 months or longer).
Definition
Chronic pain
Term
Signs of depression
Definition
withdrawn, sleeplessness, appetite changes, other behaviors out of thier norm.
Term
Sustained release pain med. When it isn't lasting long enough. What is that called?
Definition
Breakthrough of pain
Term
effect of most pain medications - slowing down of vitals, etc.
Definition
Conscious setation
Term
Problem with giving a placebo to a patient
Definition
It is only a fake, and you can't lie to the patient about what they're getting.
Term
Issue regarding effectiveness of pain patch
Definition
It's going to take a while. Give something fast acting to relieve in the short-term.
Term
What degree (strength) of pain med should you start with to treat long-term pains?
Definition
start low, work up as necessary. NSAIDs are a good start.
Term
Nociceptive pain
Definition
Acute pain
Term
Chronic pain
Definition
Neuropathic pain - longer than 6 months. Can be difficult to treat. Patient may complain of burning, tingling, shooting pains.
Term
psychogenic pain
Definition
A pain disorder associated with psychological factors. Some types of mental or emotional problems can cause, increase, or prolong pain
Term
Area of brain in which pain threshold is found
Definition
thalmus and cerebral cortex
Term
May decrease endorphine production
Definition
caffein, nicotein, alcohol
Term
Pain relief can ____ the healing process.
Definition
expidite.
Term
Key concepts regarding the documentation of pain management.
Definition
Level
description
action taken
results.
Term
pain rating scales used for children
Definition
Wong-Baker and FLACC
Term
Used on children 3-7 (and those unable to effectively communicate verbally) to determine pain level
Definition
Wong-Baker
Term
Used on children under 3 to determine pain level
Definition
FLACC
Term
Pain assessment tool in which the nurse uses observed behaviors to determine pain level
Definition
FLACC - The nurse observes the child's face, legs, activity, cry, and consolability
Term
A person can continue to function with a pain rating of no more than ___
Definition
3
Term
When would we give planned pain medications?
Definition
Right after surgery and 30 min before a painful procedure.
Term
Cognitive behavioral measure of pain management
Definition
Guided imagery.
Term
Independent nursing intervetion
Definition
Comfort control. No order necessary
Term
what pain scale can be used for a patient 3years or younger?
Definition
FLACC scale
Term
Cause of Myocardial infarction pain
Definition
lack of oxygen
Term
Chronic v acute pain
Definition
retractable
Term
What clients would you use the Wong baker scale for?
Definition
age 3-7 yrs or patients with language barrier.
Term
What requires orders for pain management and what doesn't (examples).
Definition
positioning,breathing techniques,guided imagery.
Term
How to help a client deal with terminal illness.
Definition
Group activities are good.
Term
patient w terminal cancer at pain=7. vitals are unchanged.
Definition
Patient has adjusted.
Term
A pain that originates from one part of the body but is felt in another part of the body is called.....
Definition
referred pain
Term
what is the term used for a chronic pain that resists therapeutic actions.
Definition
intractable pain
Term
differentiate between a pain threshold and a pain tolerance.
Definition
pain tolerance is the maximum point to which a patient can no longer condone pain while pain threshold is a state at which an individual recognizes pain.
Term
what is another word for a nociceptive pain
Definition
Acute pain
Term
another name for a chronic pain is......
Definition
neuropathic pain.
Term
what are the three class of analgesics commonly used to control pain?
Definition
NSAIDS,opoids,adjuvant drugs
Term
what is a phantom pain?
Definition
it is a pain that is felt from an amputated part of the body
Term
what is the 5th vital sign?
Definition
PAIN!
Term
How does TENS help relieve pain
Definition
it sends electric stimulus to the pain site when an individual feels pain.
Term
what are the consequences of unrelieved pain?
Definition
visual disturbances,nausea and vomiting.
Term
what part of the brain perceives pain?
Definition
thalamus and cerebral cortex.
Term
what chemicals are released during inflammatory pain?
Definition
prostaglandins and bradykyn
Term
Causes of pain are........?
Definition
trauma,surgical incision,tumor growth,excess in pressure,heat and cold.
Term
pain is..........
Definition
whatever the person experiencing it says it is
Term
Another definition of pain.......
Definition
Body signal of distress that cannot be ignored.
Term
What can past experiences of pain in our children do?
Definition
desensitize them
Term
how does fentynl patch help control pain?
Definition
it delivers continuous pain relief
Term
NOTE!
Definition
if a client complains of pain,the pain is real.
Term
TENS means......
Definition
transcutaneous electric nerve stimulation
Term
Nerve endings specialized for pain reception
Definition
nocioceptors
Term
What are nocioceptors?
Definition
Nerve endings specialized for pain reception
Term
How is phantom pain treated as compared to other types of pain?
Definition
Treat it as you would any other pain
Term
The most dangerous of the antidepressants
Definition
Triciclets
Term
Children who have past pain experiences tend to be _________ toward pain.
Definition
desensitized.
Term
Signs and symptoms of depression
Definition
extreme fatigue
inability to sleep or sleeping too much
lack of interest in surroundings
lack of or excessive appetite
guilt feelings
sexual impotence
withdrawal from social activities
Term
extreme fatigue
inability to sleep or sleeping too much
lack of interest in surroundings
lack of or excessive appetite
guilt feelings
sexual impotence
withdrawal from social activities
Definition
s/sx depression
Term
Endorphines and enkephalins
Definition
naturally occurring substances that relieve pain
Term
naturally occurring substances that relieve pain
Definition
endorphins and enkephalins
Term
Why exercise and laughter are good pain medicines?
Definition
increases endorphine production.
Term
Caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, salt and sugar
Definition
substances believed to decrease endorphin production
Term
substances believed to decrease endorphin production
Definition
caffeine, nicotine, alcohol, salt, and sugar
Term
What is the traditional Chinese belief regarding pain?
Definition
That pain is related to the imbalance of yin and yang or hot and cold.
Term
What culture tends to believe pain is related to immoral behavior?
Definition
Mexican pain belief
Term
This culture believes religious beliefs may contribute to high pain tolerance
Definition
African American pain belief
Term
This culture tends NOT to express pain
Definition
Native American
Term
This culture tends to express pain quite regularly.
Definition
Jewish
Term
This culture tends to believe that pain is a sign of guilt or punishment from God
Definition
Greek
Term
When is pain assessed?
Definition
whenever vital signs are measured.
Term
What is included in the documentation of pain?
Definition
Pain level
description of pain
action taken
results
Term
The mneumonic used when gathering information on client symptoms (including pain).
Definition
COLDSPA
CHARACTER: Describe the sign or symptom. How does it feel, look, sound, smell, and so forth?
ONSET: When did it begin?
LOCATION: Where is it? Does it radiate?
DURATION: How long does it last? Does it recur?
SEVERITY: How bad is it?
PATTERN: What makes it better? What makes it worse?
ASSOCIATED FACTORS: What other symptoms occur with it?
Term
Nurse documents an infant's FLACC scale as Legs-1, Crying-1. What did she likely observe?
Definition
Legs-1: uneasy, restless and/or tense
Crying-1: Moaning/whimpering, occasional complaints.
Term
Nurse documents an infant's FLACC scale as Legs-0, Crying-0. What did she likely observe?
Definition
Legs: normal position, relaxed
Crying: none.
Term
Nurse documents an infant's FLACC scale as Legs-2, Crying-2. What did she likely observe?
Definition
Legs: kicking or drawn up
Cry: crying/screaming steadily, frequent complaints.
Term
What is uneasy, tense leg activity on the FLACC scale
Definition
level 1
Term
What is leg activity involving kicking and/or drawn up legs
Definition
level 2
Term
An infant's legs appear to be relaxed and/or in normal position. What is your FLACC scale documentation
Definition
Legs: level 0
Term
An infant is sleeping without crying. What is your FLACC scale report.
Definition
Crying: 0
Term
An infant is moaning in its sleep. What is your FLACC scale report?
Definition
Cry: 1
Term
An infant is crying steadily. What is your FLACC scale report
Definition
Cry: 2
Term
What pain assessment scale would be best used on a 2-year-old receiving paralytic medications?
Definition
Wong-Baker.
Term
What is meant by "Character" of the pain
Definition
What the pain feels like: ie, aching, burning, crushing, dull, pounding, etc.
Term
What is meant by "duration" of pain.
Definition
How often and how long it lasts, ie occasional, intermittent, spasmotic, or constant.
Term
Medications that relieve pain
Definition
analgesics
Term
How analgesics provide pain relif
Definition
by altering the body's sodium and potassium levels, thus slowing or haltin pain transmission.
Term
Surgery may be needed to relieve what kind of pain?
Definition
Chronic pain
Term
nursing interventions for pain management.
Definition
diversion, change position, bathing, back rub, massaging hands.
Term
DIVERTICULITIS
Definition
Diverticulitis develops from diverticulosis. Diverticulitis results if one of these diverticula becomes inflamed.
Term
DIVERTICULOSIS
Definition
involves the formation of pouches (diverticula) on the outside of the colon.
Term
INTESTINAL OBSTRUCTION
Definition
JELLY-LIKE STOOLS
Term
EGD intervention
Definition
look for gag reflex
Term
ERCP: description (3)
Definition
- exam of hepatobiliary system with flexible endoscope into esophagus
- multiple positions required
- if meds given, monitor for signs of respiratory and CNS depression, hypotension, oversedation, vomiting
Term
ERCP: postprocedure (3)
Definition
- V/S
- gag reflex
- monitor for signs of perforation
Term
ERCP: preprocedure (2)
Definition
- NPO several hours prior
- sedation
Term
Parenteral nutrition: nursing considerations (6)
Definition
- start slowly
- check glucose q6hr
- strict steril when changing botles, tubing, filters, dressings
- constant rate
- monitor skin integrity
- client teaching re line management
Term
anoscopy, proctoscopy & sigmoidoscopy: postprocedure
Definition
monitor for rectal bleeding and signs of perforation and peritonitis
Term
anoscopy, proctoscopy & sigmoidoscopy: preprocedure
Definition
enema until clear
Term
commonly administered antiemetics(13)
Definition
Diphenidol
Dolasetron(Anzemet)
Dronabinol(Marinol)
Granisetron(Kytril)
Hydroxyzine pamoate(Vistaril)
Meclizine hyrochloride(Antivert)
Metoclopramide(Reglan)
ondansentron(Zofran)
prochlorperazine(compazine)
Promethazine hydrochloride(phenergan)
Scopolamine transdermal(transderm-scop)
Thiethylperazine meleate(Torecan)
trimethobenzamide hydrochloride(tigan)
Term
duodenal ulcer: causes (5)
Definition
- alcohol
- smoking
- stress
- caffeine
- NSAIDS, aspirin, Corticosteroids
Term
duodenal ulcer: definition
Definition
breakdown of mucosa in duodenum
Term
duodenal ulcer: nursing interventions (6)
Definition
- monitor V/S
- monitor for signs of bleeding
- abdominal assessments
- bland diet
- small frequent meals
- stop smoking
Term
duodenal ulcer: s/sx (4)
Definition
- burning pain in epigastric area 2-4 hrs after eating and at night
- pain is often relieved by eating
- weight gain
- melena
Term
duodenal ulcers: complications (4)
Definition
- bleeding
- perforation
- gastric outlet obstruciton
- intractable disease
Term
duodenal ulcers: interventions (10)
Definition
- V/S
- bland diet
- small frequent meals
- rest
- no smoking
- no alcohol
- no caffeine
- no aspirin, corticosteroids, NSAIDs
- antacids
- H2-receptor antagonists
Term
duodenal ulcers: risk factors (8)
Definition
- alcohol
- smoking
- stress
- caffeine
- aspirin
- corticosteroids
- NSAIDs
- H. pylori
Term
duodenal ulcers: s/sx (3)
Definition
- burning pain in midepigastric area 1.5-3 hrs after meal
- food relieves pain
- melena (more often than hematemesis)
Term
gastric ulcers: client education (7)
Definition
- no alcohol
- no caffeine
- no chocolate
- no smoking
- no aspirin or NSAIDs
- reduce stress
- rest
Term
gastric ulcers: complications (3)
Definition
- hemorrhage
- perforation
- pyloric obstruction
Term
gastric ulcers: description
Definition
ulceration of mucosal lining that extends to submucosal layer of stomach
Term
gastric ulcers: interventions (8)
Definition
- V/S
- bland diet
- small, frequent meals
- H2 receptor antagonists
- antacids
- anticholinergics
- mucosal barrier protectants 1 hr before meal
- prostaglandins
Term
gastric ulcers: interventions during active bleeding (10)
Definition
- V/S
- NPO
- IV fluid replacement
- monitor I & O
- monitor hgb/hct
- blood transfusions
- ng tube
- lavage (saline or tap water)
- Pitressin
- assess for signs of other problems (see other card)
Term
gastric ulcers: interventions during active bleeding; assess for signs of ..
Definition
- dehydration
- hypovolemic shock
- sepsis
- respiratory insufficiency
Term
gastritis: definition
Definition
inflammation of gastric mucosa
Term
gastritis: nursing interventions
Definition
- hold fluids and food until symptoms subside. Then feed progressively
- ice chips
- clear liquids
- solid food
Term
gastritis: s/sx (4)
Definition
- abdominal discomfort
- headache
- anorexia
- hiccups
Term
gastroesophageal reflux disease: description (2)
Definition
- backflow of contents into esophagus
- caused by incompetent lower esophageal sphincter, pyloric stenosis, or a motility disorder
Term
gastroesophageal reflux disease: interventions (7)
Definition
- avoid factors that decrease lower esophageal sphincter pressure
- low-fat, high-fiber diet
- no caffeine, tobacco, carbonated drinks
- loose clothes
- elevate head of bed on blocks
- no anticholinergics
- laparoscopic fundoplication
Term
gastroesophageal reflux disease: s/sx (5)
Definition
- pyrosis
- dyspepsia
- regurgitation
- pain and difficulty swallowing
- hypersalivation
Term
hiatal hernia: complications (7)
Definition
- ulceration
- hemorrhage
- regurgitation and aspiration
- strangulation
- necrosis
- peritonitis
- mediastinitis
Term
hiatal hernia: description (2)
Definition
- part of stomach herniates through the diaphragm into the thorax
- result of weakening of muscles of diaphragm
Term
hiatal hernia: interventions (5)
Definition
- med/surg like GE reflux
- small frequent meals
- limit fluids with meals
- do not recline for 1 hr after eating
- no anticholinergics
Term
hiatal hernia: risk factors (5)
Definition
- pregnancy
- ascites
- obesity
- tumors
- heavy lifting
Term
hiatal hernia: s/sx (4)
Definition
- heartburn
- vomiting
- dysphagia
- feeling full
Term
inflammatory disease of the intestines, tends to exacerbate, affects any part of the GI tract.
Definition
CROHN'S DISEASE
Term
ulcerative colitis: description (5)
Definition
- ulcerative and inflammatory disease of the bowel resulting in poor absorption of nutrients.
- commonly begins in rectum, spreading upward
- edematous colon
- bleeding lesions- scar tissue, causing loss of elasticity
- remission and exacerbation periods
Term
ulcerative colitis: interventions (10)
Definition
- NPO if acute
- restrict activity
- bowel sounds
- monitorfor abdominal tenderness/cramping
- monitor stools (color, consistency, blood)
- monitor for bowel perforation, peritonitis and hemorrhage
- low-residue, high-protein diet
- avoid gas-forming foods
- avoid whole grains, nuts, alcohol, etc.
- no smoking
Term
ulcerative colitis: s/sx (8)
Definition
- anorexia
- weight loss
- malaise
- abdominal tenderness/cramping
- severe diarrhea (may contain blood/mucus
- dehydration/electrolyte imbalances
- anemia
- vitamin K deficiency
Term
What is the common effect of a deficiency of ADH?
Definition
Diabetes insipidus
Term
Disease defined as hypofunction of the adrenal cortex
Definition
Addison's
Term
Disease commonly caused by hypersecretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex
Definition
Cushing's
Term
You tap on the patient's facial nerve in front of the ear. What are you looking for and what does it indicate?
Definition
Chvostek's sign: spasm indicates hypocalcemia
Term
Major lab consideration regarding Addison's
Definition
Blood gluucose
Term
Addison's: nursing consideration
Definition
small frequent meals
Term
Hypoparathyroidism: complications
Definition
Bone density loss: osteoporosis
Term
Cushing's: s/sx (8)
Definition
- Moon face
- Red cheeks
- Thinning hair
- Striae (stretch marks)
- Easy bruising
- Thin extremities
- Osteoporosis
- Pendulous abdomen
Term
Cushing's: nursing diagnosis
Definition
Risk for infection due to high cortisol and immunosuppression
Term
Addison's crisis: s/sx
Definition
hypotension, related to lack of aldosterone
Term
What 2 things are needed for the thyroid to function correctly?
Definition
- iodine
- protein
Term
Disease in childhood thyroid dysfunction
Definition
cretinism
Term
Hypothyroidism: s/sx
Definition
- decreased metabolism
- mental dullness
- lethargy
- dry skin
- heart failure
- edema
- hyperlipidemia
Term
Thyroid storm: s/sx
Definition
•Rapid heart beats
•Greatly increased body temperature
•Chest pain
•Shortness of breath
•Anxiety and irritability
•Disorientation
•Increased sweating
•Weakness
•Heart failure
Term
Thyroid storm: nursing alert
Definition
Don't use aspirin to bring down fever. Use Tylenol instead
Term
Post thyroidectomy: Why have patient talk?
Definition
Check for hoarse voice - sign of airway obstruction.
Term
signs and sx of a complication following a thyroidectomy
Definition
airway complications (stridor), shock, fever, loc changes
Term
what causes diabetes incipitus?
Definition
body does not produce enough ADH.
Term
what causes GOITER?
Definition
OVERSTIMULATED thyroid gland.
Term
what do you teach an addison's crisis pt who is being discharged.
Definition
teach importance of hormone replacement,
Term
What to have at bedside after thyroidectomy
Definition
- trach tray
- suction
- calcium glubinate
Term
Cushing's patients tend to have joint pain in what three areas?
Definition
Hips
Shoulders
Lower back
Term
Metabolic acidosis can result from which of the following?

A) Increased ketones
B) decreased salicylate
C) excess reabsorption of HCO3
D) kidneys response to respiratory acidosis
Definition
A) ketones
Term
Tap over facial nerve anterior to ear and observe for twitching. What is this and why are we doing it/
Definition
Chvosteck's sign.
Sign of calcium deficiency
Term
Cardiac cath: pre-op nursing
Definition
- consent form
- assess dye allergies
- uncomfortable, not painful
- NPO 6 hrs
Term
cardiac cath: post-op
Definition
- encourage fluids
- ambulate ASAP
- pressure to insertion site
- monitor for hemmorhage
- don't flex affected side
Term
Peritoneal dialysis: concerns
Definition
- infection
- hyperglycemia (if dwell time extended)
Term
Hypothyroidism: nursing interventions
Definition
daily weights
restrict salt
monitor metabolic rate
Term
Hypothyroidism: what food to increase
Definition
fiber
fruits/vegetables
shellfish (sourc of iodine)
Term
Hypothyroidism: s/sx
Definition
- weight gain
- cold intolerance
- lethargy
- dry skin/hair
Term
Angina: diet
Definition
low-fat
Term
chest drainage: water seal chamber - indication of normal function
Definition
water level fluctuates with each breath
Term
Chest drainage: suction control chamber - indication of normal function
Definition
gentle bubbling
Term

A nurse is counseling an elderly female client who has developed hair growth on her upper lip.  What should the nurse suggest to the client?

 

A) Physical examination

B) Moisturizer

C) Hair removal methods

D) Greater calcium intake

Definition
C) Hair removal methods
Term
After entering the vagina, sperm can live for a maximum of
Definition
72 hrs (3 days)
Term
At puberty, these hormones lead to female breast enlargement
Definition
Estrogen & progesterone
Term
In what phase does the fertilized ovum become a fetus?
Definition
Luteal phase
Term
Procedure that provides direct visualization of the uterus/accessory organ
Definition
laparoscopy
Term
This is a skin-covered muscular region located between the vaginal orifice and the anus
Definition
perineum
Term

What occurs around the same time as menarch?

 

A) Irritability and insomnia

B) Hot flashes

C) Breast development

D) Urinary incontinence

Definition
C) Breast development
Term

When a boy reaches puberty, the hypothalamus stimulates secretion of

 

A) ICSH and FSH

B) FSH and LH

C) FSH and testosterone

D) LH and ICSH

Definition
A) ICSH and FSH
Term
Which of the following is true of the oviduct or fallopian tube?

A) located between the cervix and the vagina
B) site of fertilization
C) an anatomical extension of the ovary
D) connects the fundus with the cervix
Definition
B) site of fertilization
Term
Where do sperm cells mature?
Definition
Epididymis
Term
Semen normally contains how many sperm per mL?
Definition
60-100 million
Term

Sperm survive better and have more motility in a medium that has a pH of

 

A) 3.7

B) 5.9

C) 7.0

D) 8.2

Definition
D) 8.2
Term
The mature sperm contains how many chromosomes?
Definition
23
Term
Which vaginal pH is most viable for sperm?

A) 3.7
B) 6.9
C) 7
D) 8.5
Definition
D) 8.5
Term
Number of chromosomes in a zygote
Definition
46
Term
Which of the following is NOT a result of declining testosterone levels?

A) lower sperm production
B) lower muscle mass
C) lower libido
D) None: all are affected
Definition
B

muscle mass is NOT diminished by lowered testosterone levels
Term
Intermittent bladder irrigation: purpose
Definition
Washes out clots that plug the catheter.
Term
normal GFR
Definition
about 125 mL/min
Term

Activation of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

 

A) causes polyuria

B) causes albuminuria

C) elevates blood pressure

D) causes hematuria

Definition
C) elevates blood pressure
Term

Which of the following should not be in the filtrate within Bowman's capsule?

 

A) albumin

B) sodium

C) potassium

D) water

Definition
A) albumin
Term

Which of the following is not true of ADH?

 

A) secreted by the posterior pituitary gland

B) secreted in response to low blood volume and a concentrated plasma (as in dehydration)

C) causes the renal excretion of sodium, potassium, and water

D) a deficiency causes diabetes insipidus

Definition
C) causes the renal excretion of sodium, potassium, and water
Term
Urethritis: typical meds used
Definition

  1. Tetracycline
  2. Peridium

Term

A client with urethritis is on Peridium.  She calls the clinic, complaining that her urine appears to be bloody.  The nurse should

 

A) advise the client to see her doctor immediately

B) advise the client to discontinue medication

C) ask the client to come in for testing

D) assure the client that the discoloration is normal

Definition
D) assure the client that the discoloration is normal.
Term
Complicated cystitis: common cause
Definition
Failure to complete therapy.
leaves surviving bacteria that become resistant to sulfameds
Term
Which UTI are women at high risk for RE-infection?
Definition
Trichomonas
Term
What condition to report on client on prolonged nephrotics
Definition
oliguria
Term
What is CVA tenderness?
Definition
Costal Vertebral Angle tenderness: flank pain below the ribs, radiating to the ilium.
Term
IVP: nursing interventions
Definition
  1. informed consent
  2. NPO 8 hrs pre
  3. laxative pre
  4. allergies to iodine
  5. epinephrine handy
  6. teach about salty taste
  7. increase fluids post
Term
Renal calculi: Procedural treatment
Definition
  1. Chemolysis
  2. Lithotripsy
  3. Lithotomy
Term
Meds used to treat calcium stones
Definition
Thiazide diuretics
Term
Meds used to treat uric acid stones
Definition

Alopurinol

Zyloprim

Term
What stimulates sperm production?
Definition
FSH
Term
Promotes contraction of myometrium (labor) and release of milk from mammary glands
Definition
Oxytocin
Term
Erythropoietin source
Definition
Kidneys and liver
Term
Erythropoietin function
Definition
regulates RBC production
Term
Beta cells: function
Definition
produce insulin
Term
Beta cells: location
Definition
pancreas
Term
Regulates sleep-wake cycle
Definition
melatonin
Term
System by which hormone secretions are regulated by the response they elicit
Definition
Negative feedback system
Term
Cortisol source
Definition
Adrenal cortex
Term
Calcitonin function
Definition
Decreases reabsorption of calcium from the bones
Term
Calcitonin source
Definition
Thyroid gland
Term
What stimulates the production of milk?
Definition
Prolactin
Term
What stimulates the release of milk?
Definition
oxytosin
Term
What supplement is needed for normal thyroid function?
Definition
Iodine
Term
Thyroid stimulation test: What result indicates normal thyroid function?
Definition
Increase in T3 and T4 levels
Term
____ increases glucose levels, while _____ lowers them.
Definition
Glucogon, Insulin
Term
What hormone stimulates cortisol?
Definition
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Term
Hormones that mimic the sympathetic nervous system
Definition
epinephrine and norepinephrine
Term
What hormone regulates reabsorption of sodium from the kidney?
Definition
aldosterone
Term
Cause of Goiter
Definition
lack of iodine
Term
Hormone needed to assist in kidney reabsorption of calcium
Definition
PTH
Term
condition that causes muscle twitching, spasms, and convulsions
Definition
Tetany: lack of calcium
Term
Hormone that stimulates the release of bile
Definition
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Term
What is the common effect of a deficiency of ADH?
Definition
Diabetes insipidus
Term
Disease defined as hypofunction of the adrenal cortex
Definition
Addison's
Term
Disease commonly caused by hypersecretion of cortisol from the adrenal cortex
Definition
Cushing's
Term
You tap on the patient's facial nerve in front of the ear. What are you looking for and what does it indicate?
Definition
Chvostek's sign: spasm indicates hypocalcemia
Term
What 2 things are needed for the thyroid to function correctly?
Definition
- iodine
- protein
Term
Disease in childhood thyroid dysfunction
Definition
cretinism
Term
Hypothyroidism: s/sx
Definition
- decreased metabolism
- mental dullness
- lethargy
- dry skin
- heart failure
- edema
- hyperlipidemia
Term
Thyroid storm: nursing alert
Definition
Don't use aspirin to bring down fever. Use Tylenol instead
Term
elective procedure in which a SYNCHRONIZED shock of 25 to 50 joules is delivered to restore normal sinus rhythm
Definition
SYNCHRONIZED CARDIOVERSION
Term

 

the use of electrical device to apply countershocks to the heart through electrodes placed on the chest wall to stop fibrillation.

Definition
DEFIBRILLATION
Term

 

heart rhythm with no identifiable P waves, normal QRS,described as "IRREGULARLY IRREGULAR"

Definition
ATRIAL FIBRILLATION
Term

 

SINUS rhythm, above 150 bpm

Definition
SUPRAVENTRICULAR TACHYCARDIA (SVT)
Term

 

the most unstable phase of the cardiac cycle.

Definition
during REPOLARIZATION, T-wave
Term

 

pacemaker that fires ONLY when it senses BRADYCARDIA

Definition
DEMAND pacemaker
Term

 

pacemaker that stimulates a P wave and a QRS complex.

Definition
SEQUENTIAL pacemaker
Term
normal CONDUCTION PATHWAY(4)
Definition
SA node, AV junction, Bundle of Hiss, Purkinje Fibers
Term
Length of a normal QRS interval
Definition
0.06 - 0.10 sec
Term
Tachycardia
Definition
A heart rate greater than 100 beats/min
Term
Bradycardia
Definition
A heart rate less than 60 beats/min
Term

A normal QRS interval: (select all that apply)

 

A) is about half the length of a normal P-R interval

B) is about 0.15 sec

C) is a positive deflection

D) remains on the isoelectric line

Definition

A) is about half the length of a normal P-R interval

 

Term

 

A patient experiences shortness of breath. What is our first nursing intervention?

Definition
Fowler's position
Term

 

A positive Homan's sign is an indication of . . .

Definition
Deep-vein thrombosis (DVT)
Term

 

A structure that receives the electrical signal from the conduction tissue in the atria; it delays the entrance of the electrical signal into the His-Purkinje system

Definition
Bundle of His
Term
Amount of ventricular force needed to open valves and eject blood
Definition
Afterload
Term

All of the following are electrical terms except

 

A) systole

B) depolarization

C) action potential

D) repolarization

Definition
A) systole
Term

 

Amount of blood pumped by a ventricle in one beat (2)

Definition

- stroke volume

- 60-80ml

Term
Afterload
Definition
Amount of ventricular force needed to open valves and eject blood
Term

 

Another name for the mitral valve

Definition
Bicuspid valve
Term

 

 

Apical - radial = ?

Definition
Pulse deficit
Term
BP-regulating systems include the ____, _____, ______, and _____
Definition

- cardiovascular

- nervous

- urinary

- endocrine

Term

 

Blood flows from the right atrium through this atrioventricular valve to the right ventricle

Definition
Tricuspid valve
Term

 

Blood passes through the tricuspid valve into

Definition
the right ventricle
Term
CVP: description (2)
Definition
Central Venous Pressure: - determines how much fluid/hydration patient is in - determines right atrial preload
Term

 

CVP: normal range

Definition
2-6
Term

 

Cardiac catheterization: patient teaching

 

Definition
- Inform MD if you feel burning, headache, chestpain
Term

 

Cardiac catheterization: post-op nursing (6)

Definition
- no flexing leg 4 hrs
- log roll to turn
- V/S
- sand bag over insertion area
Term

 

Cardiac catheterization: pre-op nursing (5)

Definition
- obtain consent - NPO 8-12 hrs - explain procedure - fluoroscope - IV insertion
Term

 

Cardiac risk factors: non-modifiable (5)

Definition
- age - race - gender - family history - diabetes
Term

 

Cardiac tests (procedural) available (4)

Definition
- EKG - treadmill test - Thallium test - Blood gases
Term
Cardioversion v Defibrillation: purpose
Definition
Cardioversion corrects Atrial fibrillation D-fib corrects Ventricular fibrillation
Term

 

Chamber that pumps "blue" blood to the lungs

Definition
Right ventricle
Term
Chamber that pumps oxygenated blood into the aorta
Definition
Left ventricle
Term

 

Chamber that receives blood from the venae cavae

Definition
Right atrium
Term
Chamber that receives oxygenated blood from four pulmonary veins
Definition
Left Atrium
Term

Cholesterol: reference range

 

Definition
below 200
Term

 

Coumadin: antidote

Definition
Vitamin K
Term

 

Coumadin: test affected

Definition
PT / INR
Term

 

Degree of stretch of ventricles before contraction (systole)

 

Definition
Preload
Term

Excess vagal stimulation to the SA node is most apt to cause

 

Definition
B) bradycardia
Term
Failure of the S-wave to return to the isoelectric line (stays in positive) indicates what?
Definition
Ischemia
Term

 

Friction rub: cause

Definition
inflammation of pericardium
Term

 

Friction rub: how best to find (2)

Definition
- have patient sitting, leaning forward - listen to left upper sternum
Term

 

Friction rub: when best found

Definition
After Myocardial Infarction
Term

 

HDL: reference range

Definition
40-50
Term

 

Heparin: test affected

Definition
PTT
Term

 

Holter monitor: patient teaching (4)

Definition
- take daily diary - no shower while wearing leads - press "event" button during cardiac event (palpitations, chest pain, SOB) - return box and diary when instructed
Term

 

How to know if SA node is working (2)

Definition
- pulse: at least 60 - EKG: normal P-wave
Term

 

How to reduce Risk for varicose vein formation

Definition
Prevent venous stasis and pressure ulcers.
Term

 

 

Hypertension has the greatest effect on what part of the heart?

Definition
Left ventricle
Term

 

If the AV valves, chordae tendineae, or papillary muscles become damaged, what can occur with ventricular contraction?

Definition
backflow of blood (regurgitation) into the atria
Term

 

If the BP readings from each of a client's arms is different, which is used for subsequent assessments?

Definition
The arm that gave the higher reading
Term

Place where electrical tracing is at zero (neutral)

 

Definition
Isoelectric line
Term

 

LDL reference range

Definition
below 100
Term

Length of a normal QRS interval

Definition
0.06 - 0.10 sec
Term

Location of the heart

Definition
Mediastinum between lungs - thoracic cavity
Term

Low CVP and interpretation

Definition
- below 2 - dehydrated
Term

 

Normal cardiac output of resting adult

Definition
4-6L/min
Term

 

Normal expectation from a client moving from lying position to sitting, or from sitting to standing (3)

Definition

- systolic drop of up to 15pts

- diastolic change (up or down) of 3-10 pts

- 15-20 bpm increase in pulse

 

Term

Orthopnea: common cause

Definition
Fluid overload
Term
Homan's sign
Definition
Pain in the patient’s calf or behind the knee when the foot is quickly dorsiflexed with the knee in a slightly flexed position.
Term

 

Special sensory receptors in blood vessel walls, stimulated by a change in blood pressure

Definition
baroreceptors
Term

 

Stenosis of a valve or blood regurgitating through a valve that does not close properly causes what abnormal heart sounds?

Definition
Murmurs
Term

Sympathetic nerve stimulation of the myocardium

 

A) cause a (+) inotropic effect

B) decreases cardiac output

C) decreases heart rate

D) decreases stroke volume

Definition
A) cause a (+) inotropic effect
Term

 

Systemic veins and venules house approximately _____ of the body's blood volume at rest

Definition
60%
Term

 

The aorta receives blood from here

Definition
Left ventricle
Term

 

The atrioventricular valve on the right side of the heart

Definition
Tricuspid valve
Term

 

The atrioventricular valve through which blood flows from the right atrium into the right ventricle

Definition
Tricuspid valve
Term

 

The autonomic nerve that slows the heart rate

Definition
Vagus
Term

 

The electrical signal arises in this structure in normal sinus rhythm

Definition
SA node
Term

 

The myocardium is thickest in this chamber

Definition
Left ventricle
Term

The normal adult heart rate is set by the:

 

a. Atrioventricular node

b. Purkinje fibers

c. Septum

d. Sinoatrial node

Definition

 

d. Sinoatrial node

Term

The only veins with oxygenated blood.

Definition
Pulmonary veins
Term

The pacemaker of the heart is located in the upper wall of the _______

Definition
Right atrium
Term
The right ventricle pumps blood to the _____
Definition
Pulmonary artery
Term
The semilunar valve through which blood leaves the right ventricle
Definition
Pulmonary valve
Term

 

The three layers of the heart wall, from inside to outside

Definition

 Endocardium,

myocardium,

epicardium

 

Term
The valve between the left atrium and the left ventricle
Definition
mitral valve (bicuspid valve)
Term

 

Time it takes the contraction signal to get from SA node to AV node (name and length)

Definition

- P-R interval

 

- 0.12 - 0.2 sec

Term

 

Tough bands of tissue that anchor the cusps of the atrioventricular valves to the walls of the ventricles

Definition
Chordae tendineae
Term

Transcutaneous pacemaker: description (3)

Definition
- external - patient feels every shock - Isuprel may be tried first
Term

 

Triglycerides: reference range

Definition
below 150
Term

 

Triponin test: purpose

Definition
to diagnose (or rule out) heart attack
Term

Vagal stimulation to the heart causes

Definition
the heart rate to slow down
Term

 

What are ventricles "doing" during atrial systole?

Definition
relaxing
Term
What event causes the pulmonic valve to open?
Definition
B) an increase in the pressure within the ventricle
Term

 

What happens to heart valves and conduction system as an effect of aging (4)?

Definition

- Fibrosis in the conduction system and heart

- Calcification of the valves

- Increased size of myocardium and atria

- Decreased cardiac output

Term

 

What is occuring during S1? (3)

Definition

- AV valves are closing.

- Ventricles are contracting.

- Atria are filling.

Term

What is the name of the valve that prevents backflow of blood into the right atrium when the right ventricle contracts?

Definition
tricuspid valve
Term
What is the term for the sequence of events that occur during one heartbeat?
Definition
Cardiac cycle
Term

What is the term that refers to an increase in stroke volume in response to the stretching of the heart?

 

Definition
starling's law of the heart
Term
What prevents the the valve cusps from everting (turning inside-out)?
Definition
As the ventricles contract, the papillary muscles also contract, tightening the chordae tendineae.
Term
What separates the left and right atria?
Definition

Interatrial septum

 

Term
What separates the left and right ventricles?
Definition

Interventricular septum

 

Term
What separates the right ventricle from the pulmonary artery
Definition
the pulmonic valve
Term
What to do if heart rate takes longer to return to normal after exercise
Definition
Encourage rest periods.
Term
What would a spiked T-wave indicate?
Definition

Possible hyperkalemia (high potassium)

 

Term
What food you usually have to avoid with most BP meds.
Definition

Grapefruit

 

Term

Which group is incorrect?

 

A) atrioventricular veins: tricuspid, bicuspid, mitral

B) layers of the heart: epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

C) abnormal heart rates: tachycardia, bradycardia

D) parts of the conduction system: SA node, AV node, bundle of His, Purkinje fibers, medulla oblongata

Definition
D) parts of the conductionL SA node, AV node, Bundle of His, Purkinje Fibers, Medulla Oblongata
Term

Which group is incorrect?

 

A) semilunar valves: pulmonic, aortic

B) atrioventricular valves: triscuspid, bicuspid, mitral

C) oxygenated blood: pulmonary veins, left ventricle, aorta

D) unoxygenated blood: right ventricle, venae cavea, pulmonary veins

Definition
D) Structures that carry unoxygenated blood: right ventricle, venae cavae, pulmonary veins
Term

Which group is incorrect?

 

A) semilunar valves: pulmonic, aortic

B) oxygenated blood: pulmonary veins, left ventricle, aorta

C) layers of the heart: epicardium, myocardium, endocardium

D) abnormal heart rates: tachycardia, bradycardia, sinus rhythm

Definition
D) Abnormal heart rates: tachycardia, bradycardia, sinus rhythm
Term

Which of the following is descriptive of the vagus nerve?

 

A) fight or flight

B) parasympathetic

C) sympathetic

D) adrenergic

Definition
B) Parasympathetic
Term

Which of the following is true of the mitral and bicuspid valves?

 

A) they are semilunar valves

B) they are both located on the right side of the heart

C) they "see" only unoxygenated blood

D) they are the same valves

E) all of the above

Definition
D) they are the same valves
Term

Which of the following is true of the pulmonic and aortic valves?

 

A) they are atrioventricular valves

B) they "see" only oxygenated blood

C) they are attached to the ventricular walls by chordae tendineae

D) they are semilunar valves

E) all of the above

Definition
D) they are semilunar valves
Term

Which of the following supplies oxygenated blood to the heart muscle?

 

A) coronary arteries

B) pulmonary artery

C) pulmonary veins

D) cardiac veins

Definition
A) coronary arteries
Term

Which of these does NOT occur in the aging adult? (Select all that apply) 

 

A) Decrease in heart size

B) Thinning of left ventricular wall

C) Decreased collagen in the cardiac muscle

D) Decreased elastin in the cardiac muscle

E) Stiffer and thicker cardiac valves

F) Fibrosis of the SA node

G) Increased number of pacemaker cells

H) Calcification of blood vessels

J) Increased arterial distensibility

K) More tortuous vessels

L) Decreased response to baroreceptors

Definition

B) left vent. wall actually gets THICKER

C) collagen in cardiac muscle INCREASES

G) number of pacemaker cells DECREASES

J) arterial distensibility (elasticity) DECREASES

 

Term
right atrium receives venous (deoxygenated) blood from
Definition
the superior and inferior vena cava and the coronary sinus
Term
the force opposing the movement of blood through the blood vessels
Definition
Systemic vascular resistance (SVR) or total peripheral resistance
Term
the middle and thickest layer
Definition
myocardium
Term

 

the only veins that carry oxygenated blood

Definition
pulmonary veins
Term
Digoxin: therapeutic level
Definition
0.5 - 2.0
Term
Digoxin: effects (3)
Definition

- increases cardiac contractility WITHOUT increasing O2 consumption

- increases cardiac output

- diuretic effect

Term
A client is 2-3 weeks status post strep throat. What is he at risk for next?
Definition
rheumatic fever, leading to rheumatic heart disease
Term
A person with hypertensive crisis is at risk for what specific event?
Definition
Hemorrhage stroke
Term
Cardiac tamponade: disease process (4)
Definition
- fluid accumulates in the pericardium
- pressure on the heart prevents the heart's ventricles from filling properly
- low stroke volume
- end result is ineffective pumping of blood, shock, and often death.
Term
Cardiomyopathy: Disease process (6)
Definition
- Portion of heart muscle suffocates, deteriorates and necroses
- dead area is replaced with non-functioning scar tissue
- reduced heart efficiency puts additional stress on heart, leading to hypertrophy of myocardium
- cardiac output drops
- eventual heart failure
Term
Creatinine reference range
Definition
0.6 - 1.5
Term
Endocarditis: hallmark sx
Definition
- High fever
- heart murmur
Term

For whom would beta blockers be a waste of time?

A) Ronan

B) Carly

C) Adenike

D) Stacy

E) Mr. Adnan

Definition
C) Adenike
Term
How do you know diuretics are working
Definition
Lots of pee
Term
Magnesium reference range
Definition
1.3 - 2.1
Term
Powerful vasoconstrictor produced by the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system
Definition
Angiotensin II
Term
Pulmonary effusion: s/sx (4)
Definition
- Feeling of pending doom
- Sudden severe SOB (hence the pending doom)
- Sudden chest pain (yes, more reason for pending doom)
- decrease in pulse ox (now the nurse senses pending doom)
Term
RBC reference range
Definition
4.2 - 4.8
Term
Rhematic carditis: prevention (for all)
Definition
- treat sore throats promptly
Term
Sign of left-sided heart failure (2)
Definition
- Dyspnea
- Crackles
Term
Systolic > 140, diastolic < 90
Definition
Isolated systolic hypertension
Term
Therapeutic range for PT
Definition
13.5 - 24
Term
Those with Rheumatic carditis usually have what kind of history?
Definition
strep throat
Term
Uric acid reference range
Definition
2.0 - 7.0
Term
WBC reference range
Definition
4.5 - 11
Term
What does Rheumatic carditis usually affect
Definition
The mitral valve
Term
What is the major complication of infective endocarditis?
Definition
Emboli
Term

Where's the best place for a patient with DVT?

A) Ron's chair

B) Matt's bicycle

C) Nicole's bed

D) The other end of Douglas' leash

Definition
C) Nicole's bed
Term

Who is most prone to hypertension?

A) Ngok

B) Olaniyi

C) Matt

D) Mrs. Lee

Definition

B) Olaniyi

(Except when grading tests, it's Mrs. Lee)

Term
Potassium-sparing loop diuretic that works on the distal tubule
Definition
Aldactone
Term
Doctor orders Digoxin. What else would you expect to see ordered?
Definition
Potassium chloride, 10-20 MG
Term
Beta blockers: pre-admin intervention
Definition
Check BP and pulse. Hold if sys<100, dias<70, or pulse<60
Term
Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG); advantage and disadvantage of using mammary artery over saphenous
Definition
A: longer patency
D: procedure more difficult and time-consuming.
Term
Endarterectomy: What to expect in the long-term
Definition
Site will re-occlude.
Term
Classic symptom of an arterial clot
Definition
Pain
Term
Aneurysm: Treatment and its goal
Definition
Reduce BP to lessen chance of rupture.
Term
Thoracic aneurysm: s/sx (3)
Definition
- Chest pain
- Shoulder pain
- Back pain (caused by pressure on vertebrae)
Term
Dissecting aneurysm: s/sx
Definition
Sudden, severe pain
Term
What NOT to do to an abdominal aneurysm
Definition
DON'T palpate it.
Term
Risk factors for VENOUS blood clots (3)
Definition
- extended bed rest
- crossing legs
- dehydration (increases blood viscosity)
Term
what is Microcephaly?
Definition
new born with adnormally small head
Term
what is Anecenphaly?
Definition
new born, born with part of brain or total brain missing.
Term
What's the first thing done in preparation for amniocentesis?
Definition
ultrasound to determine placenta location
Term
A pregnant client with diabetes can expect to have what fetal test done?
Definition
nonstress test
Term
Which test is considered positive when fetal heart rates increase?
Definition
nonstress test: When fetal heart rate increases with fetal movements, test is considered reactive
Term
The oxytosin challenge test compares fetal heart rates with ________, while the nonstress test compares fetal heart rates with _____.
Definition
OCT: contractions
NST: fetal movement
Term
Presentation: bleeding during weeks 10-20, no cervical dilation.
Indication?
Definition
threatened abortion
Term
Client presents with threatened abortion: nursing intervention?
Definition
The client is put to bed with her feet elevated for 48 to 72 hours
Term
Complete abortion: nursing considerations
Definition
- hemorrhage
- cyanosis
- shock
Term
What is a common cause of recurrent spontaneous abortions?
Definition
incompetent cervix that dilates prematurely
Term
What is cerclage?
Definition
suture used to hold an incompetent cervix closed.
Term
more severe than regular morning sickness
Definition
Hyperemesis Gravidarum
Term
Magnesium sulfate: antidote
Definition
Calcium gluconate
Term
RhoGam administration schedule
Definition
28 weeks gestation and 72 hrs after:
- birth
- abortion
- amniocentesis
Term
Who gets RhoGam?
Definition
Rh (-) mother with Rh (+) fetus
Term
Client in 4th pregnancy with 3 previous C-sections is at risk for what condition?
Definition
placenta previa
Term
Effects of placenta previa
Definition
- uterine atony
- bleeding
- air emboli
Term
Placenta previa: treatment
Definition
- bed rest
- probable C-section unless previa is minimal
Term
premature separation of placenta from uterine wall
Definition
placentae abruptio
Term
Placentiae abruptio: usual time of occurrance
Definition
after week 28
Term
placentae abruptio: treatment
Definition
EMERGENCY: C-section
post-delivery hysterectomy possible
Term
Dark vaginal bleeding may be a sign of ____
Definition
placentae abruptio
Term
Abruptio placentae: signs
Definition
- tender, rigid uterus
- bleeding (may not show)
- rising fundus
- maternal shock
- sudden, severe pain
Term
How often is fetal heart rate monitured during placentae abruptio?
Definition
constantly
Term
Client has prolapsed cord. What's the first nursing intervention?
Definition
Knee-chest position
Term
Presentation(s) that require c-section
Definition
- transverse - shoulder
Term
Client with prolapsed cord. What does client need to be prepared for?
Definition
Emergency C-section
Term
Client has prolapsed cord. What does nurse need to prepare for?
Definition
Infant CPR after C-section delivery
Term
What is the criteria for a reactive nonstress test?
Definition
reactive when at least two episodes of fetal heart rate accelerations of 15 beats per minute (BPM) last at least 15 seconds within a continuous 10-minute period.
Term
A laceration that involves the perineal skin and vaginal mucous membranes
Definition
First-degree laceration
Term
A laceration that involves muscles of the perineal body
Definition
second degree laceration
Term
A laceration that involves the anal sphincter.
Definition
third-degree laceration
Term
A laceration that extends to the anal canal
Definition
fourth-degree laceration
Term
postpartum hematoma: s/sx
Definition
- edema - discoloration
Term
What is a complete breech?
Definition
presentation of buttocks: knees bent and feet near buttocks
Term
What is a frank breech?
Definition
buttock presented, feet in face
Term
What kind of delivery is of highest risk to fetus?
Definition
breech
Term
Post-op care for C-section includes what additional assessment?
Definition
inspect the incision for hemorrhage
Term
What can the nurse do to reduce the risk of post-partum hemorrhage?
Definition
- massage fundus - encourage breastfeeding
Term
Physical features of an SGA newborn
Definition
- poor skin turgor - loose and dry skin - sparse or absent hair - wide skull sutures caused by inadequate bone growth - diminished muscle and fatty tissue. - Weight, length, and head circumference are below normal expectations as defined on growth charts
Term
Complication of the LGA newborn
Definition
- birth injury - brain injury - respiratory disorders
Term
Physical features of a postterm newborn
Definition
- long fingernails and hair - dry parched skin - no vernix caseosa - wrinkled and old-looking
Term
Complication of the postterm newborn
Definition
respiratory disorders caused by meconium aspiration
Term
Forceps delivery carries what risk?
Definition
Bell's palsy
Term
Shoulder dystocia can lead to what problem?
Definition
brachial plexus injury
Term
What condition may require a "triple-diaper"?
Definition
congenital dislocated hip
Term
Folic acid intake reduces the risk of what condition?
Definition
spina bifida
Term
Spina bifida: defined
Definition
vertebral spaces fail to close, allowing a herniation (bulging) of the spinal contents into a sac
Term
vertebral spaces fail to close, allowing a herniation (bulging) of the spinal contents into a sac
Definition
Spina bifida
Term
condition in which nostrils close, not allowing normal "nose-breathing"
Definition
choanal atresia
Term
Why would a pregnant diabetic on oral antidiabetics need to switch to insulin?
Definition
oral antidiabetics are teratogenic
Term
Test performed to determine fetal Rh factor
Definition
indirect coombs
Term
Effect of phototherapy on jaundice
Definition
breaks up bilirubin
Term
Physiologic jaundice v Pathologic jaundice
Definition
Physiologic jaundice: caused by hyperbilirubinemia Pathologic: caused by hemolytic disorder
Term
Mortality rate of preterm infant as compared to full term infant
Definition
3-4 times higher
Term
When is gestational age determined?
Definition
2-8 hrs after birth
Term
What is cephalopelvic disproportion?
Definition
head too big to pass through pelvis
Term
What is the usual reason for cephalopelvic disproportion among adolescent mothers?
Definition
mother's body still developing, thus pelvis is not yet full-sized.
Term
True of False: the fetus produces its own insulin
Definition
False. Fetal insulin is supplied by the mother (So Ms. Lee says)
Term
Rheumatic heart disease can lead to what condition
Definition
Iron-deficiency anemia
Term
What kick count is considered bad?
Definition
below 3 in 10 minutes
Term
What causes Pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH)?
Definition
unknown
Term
What condition should be reported to the MD at all stages of pregnancy?
Definition
bleeding
Term
Treatment for ectopic pregnancy
Definition
surgical removal (abortion)
Term
What is a common complication of multifetal pregnancy?
Definition
uterine atony
Term
If two fetuses share one placenta, wha is guaranteed?
Definition
They are identical (monozygotic) twins
Term
If two fetuses have separate placentas, what is likely?
Definition
fraternal (dizigotic) twins
Term
Complications from hyperemesis gravidarum
Definition
- Dehydration -Lyte imbalance -Death if untreated
Term
Expectant mother begins early labor. Delivery is inevitible. What needs to be given to mom to improve chances for baby?
Definition
Betamethasone to promote fetal lung maturity
Term
Baby receiving phototherapy. Notify MD if the following is noted.
Definition
- not eating - not voiding
Term
Supportive care for RDS infant
Definition
- thermoregulation - infection prevention
Term
What are the signs of withdrawal in the infant?
Definition
Irritability Marked jitteriness Rapid changes in mood Lethargy Hypersensitivity to noise and external stimuli Poor feeding Irregular sleep patterns Tachypnea (rapid respirations) Tachycardia Diarrhea Diminished interactive behavior
Term
Caring for the infant on withdrawal
Definition
- Provide eye contact. - Touch the newborn gently. - Rock up-and-down (not side-to-side: this makes the newborn more hyperactive).
Term
What type of jaundice presents 2-3 days after birth?
Definition
physiological
Term
interventions for physiologic jaundice
Definition
- phototherapy: Give extra fluids. Cover eyes. Monitor bili levels. Watch for dehydration, loose greenish stools.
Term
Amniocentesis: risks
Definition
- possible fetal injury (puncture) - Could trigger premature labor
Term
Amniocentesis: nursing considerations (before and after)
Definition

before: empty bladder

after: monitor VS at least 1 hr

Term
What is the common method for determimine fetal age?
Definition
ultrasound
Term
A full bladder is recommended for which fetal test(s)?
Definition
Ultrasound
Term
Oxytocin challenge test: expected results
Definition
- 3 contractions every 10 minutes - no late decelerations
Term
What bacteria can be a cause of recurrent spontaneous abortions?
Definition
chlamydia
Term
Likely medical response to an incomplete abortion
Definition
Dilation & curettege (D&C)
Term
What drug is used to expel the fetus in the event of an inevitible, missed or incomplete abortion?
Definition
dinoprostone (Prostin E2)
Term
Most common type of ectopic pregnancy
Definition
tubal
Term
Client presents with spotting and pain 2-3 weeks after a missed period. Probabe cause?
Definition
ectopic pregnancy
Term
The woman has episodes of spotting and bleeding, with brownish-red discharge of “tapioca-like” vesicles. Indication?
Definition
Gestational Trophoblastic Disease (Hydatidiform Mole)
Term
Test required after treatment for hydatiform mole
Definition
human chorionic gonadotropin (HCG) titer
Term
What kind of contraception during choriocarcinoma treatment is contraindicated?
Definition
intrauterine device.
Term
common treatment for PIH
Definition
magnesium sulfate
Term
Pre-eclampsia: weight changes
Definition
- gain of 1 lb/wk during 2nd/3rd trimester or 4+ lbs/wk any time during pregnancy
Term
Diet consideration for severe preeclampsia
Definition
low-fat, high-protein
Term
client with severe preeclampsia should have what checked at least twice daily?
Definition
urine albumin
Term
Magnesium sulfate: main purpose
Definition
prevent seizures
Term
Blood pressure meds commonly used in preeclampsia treatment
Definition
- Hydralazine HCl (Apresoline) - labetalol HCl (Normodyne) - methyldopa (Aldomet) - nifedipine (Adalat, Procardia)
Term
Prolonged pregnancy: definition
Definition
gestation over 42 weeks
Term
pre procedure for amniocentesis
Definition
Ultra Sound to check position of fetus, fetal parts
Term
Reasons for amniocentesis (3)
Definition
determine Lung maturity, L/S ratio, Rh status
Term
The thyroid gland is unable to function correctly if the body does not have an adequate dietary intake of
A) vitamin K
B) iron
C) folic acid
D) iodine
Definition
D
PG 206: The thyroid secretes two hormones: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones are synthesized in the thyroid gland from iodine. A person's diet must supply this iodine.
Term
The hormone responsible for calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood is the
A) parathormone
B) norepinephrine
C) somatostatin
D) thyroxine
Definition
A
PG 206: The parathyroids secrete a hormone, parathormone or parathyroid hormone (PTH), that regulates the amounts of calcium and phosphorus in the blood
Term
The hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that causes the growth and development of ova is called
A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) steroids
D) follicle-stimulating hormone
Definition
D
PG 203: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the growth and secretion of ovarian follicles in women and the production of sperm in men.
Term
Erythropoietin Stimiulates
A) white cell production
B) sperm production
C) red cell production
D) the release of gastric acids
Definition
C
PG 209: Erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production.
Term
Which of the following is not a normal response to aging?
A) Lack of a sexual response
B) Thin hair
C) Hirsutism in women
D) Dry skin
Definition
A
PG 210: Impotence in men and a lack of sexual response in women are not natural results of aging.
Term
Which endocrine gland is NOT paired with its correct location?
A) ovaries - on either side of the uterus
B) testes - in the scrotum between the upper thighs
C) pancreas - between the duodenum and the spleen
D) adrenal glands - one below each kidney
Definition
D
207-2
Term
In women, the function of FSH is to
A) initiate development of egg cells in the ovaries
B) increase the secretion of estrogen
C) both A and B
D) both A and B, and increase the secretion of GnRH
Definition
C
Term
The function of calcitonin is to
A) decrease the reabsorption of calcium from the bones
B) increase the reabsorption of calcium by the small intestine
C) decrease the reabsorption of calcium by the small intestine
D) increase the reabsorption of calcium from the bones
Definition
A
206
Term
The hormone that increases the excretion of potassium ions by the kidneys is
A) ADH
B) PTH
C) cortisol
D) aldosterone
Definition
D
281-2
Term
The hormone that increases the use of all three food types for energy is
A) thyroxine
B) insulin
C) GH
D) cortisol
Definition
B
Term
What stimulates sperm production?
Definition
FSH
Term
What stimulates the growth and secretion of ovarian follicles?
Definition
FSH
Term
Promotes contraction of myometrium (labor) and release of milk from mammary glands
Definition
Oxytocin
Term
Increases water reabsorption by kidney tubules
Definition
Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Term
Hormones of the Posterior pituitary gland
Definition
- Oxytocin
- Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
Term
Hormones of the Anterior Pituitary gland
Definition

- Growth Hormone (GH)

- Thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)

- Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)

- Prolactin

- Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)

- Luteinizing Hormone (LH)

Term
Hormones of the pancreas
Definition
- Glucagon (alpha cells)
- Insulin (beta cells)
- Somatostatin (delta cells)
Term
Hormones of the adrenal medulla
Definition
- Norepinephrine
- Epinephrine
Term
Aldosterone function
Definition

- reabsorption of sodium and water

 - excretion of potassium

Term
Erythropoietin source
Definition
Kidneys and liver
Term
Erythropoietin function
Definition
regulates RBC production
Term
Beta cells: function
Definition
produce insulin
Term
Beta cells: location
Definition
pancreas
Term
Insulin production site
Definition
pancreas
Term
Insulin: responsibility
Definition
lowers glucose
Term
Regulates sleep-wake cycle
Definition
melatonin
Term
System by which hormone secretions are regulated by the response they elicit
Definition
Negative feedback system
Term
Cortisol source
Definition
Adrenal cortex
Term
Calcitonin function
Definition
Decreases reabsorption of calcium from the bones
Term
Calcitonin source
Definition
Thyroid gland
Term
Aldosterone source
Definition
Adrenal cortex
Term
Aldosterone function
Definition
increases reabsorption of sodium, thus increasing water reabsorption, resulting in increased blood volume
Term
What supplement is needed for normal thyroid function?
Definition
Iodine
Term
Thyroid stimulation test: What result indicates normal thyroid function?
Definition
Increase in T3 and T4 levels
Term
____ increases glucose levels, while _____ lowers them.
Definition
Glucogon, Insulin
Term
Thyroid scan: process
Definition
- radioactive material injected or taken orally
- thyroid scanned with scintillation camera
- "hot" and "cold" spots indicate nodules (Cold=bad)
Term
Vasopression (ADH) action
Definition
constricts blood vessels AND increases reabsorption of water
Term
What hormone stimulates cortisol?
Definition
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Term
Thyroid gland responsibility
Definition
regulates metabolic rate
Term
Hormones that mimic the sympathetic nervous system
Definition
epinephrine and norepinephrine
Term
What hormone regulates reabsorption of sodium from the kidney?
Definition
aldosterone
Term
Hormone responsible for ova production
Definition
FSH
Term
What hormone is responsible for calcium and phosphorus levels?
Definition
PTH
Term
Cause of Goiter
Definition
lack of iodine
Term
Nursing alert regarding hyperthyroidism
Definition
don't palpate the thyroid
Term
Location of ovaries
Definition
on either side of the uterus
Term
Location of pancreas
Definition
Stems from curve of duodenum to spleen
Term
Location of adrenal glands
Definition
top of kidneys
Term
Location of pituitary gland
Definition
Below the hypothalamus
Term
Other name for growth hormone
Definition
somatotropin
Term
Hormone needed to assist in kidney reabsorption of calcium
Definition
PTH
Term
condition that causes muscle twitching, spasms, and convulsions
Definition
Tetany: lack of calcium
Term
Hormone that stimulates the release of bile
Definition
Cholecystokinin (CCK)
Term
Converts glycogen to glucose
Definition
Glucogon
Term
Melatonin source
Definition
Pineal gland
Term
Endocrine glands are different from exocrine glands in that they
A) produce essential body secretions
B) secrete substances directly into the bloodstream
C) secrete substances into a duct system
D) produce enzymes
Definition
B
PG 211: Endocrine glands secrete hormones directly into the bloodstream; exocrine glands secrete hormones into ducts.
Term
The thyroid gland is unable to function correctly if the body does not have an adequate dietary intake of
A) vitamin K
B) iron
C) folic acid
D) iodine
Definition
D
PG 206: The thyroid secretes two hormones: thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3). These hormones are synthesized in the thyroid gland from iodine. A person's diet must supply this iodine.
Term
The amount of T3 and T4 produced by the thyroid gland determines
A) the quantity of breast milk produced
B) the contraction of blood vessels
C) the speed of body metabolism
D) muscle strength and coordination
Definition
C
PG 206: It is believed that T4 is converted to T3 before it can work in the body. These hormones regulate body metabolism, controlling the rate at which cells do their work.
Term
The hormone responsible for calcium and phosphorus levels in the blood is the
A) parathormone
B) norepinephrine
C) somatostatin
D) thyroxine
Definition
A
PG 206: The parathyroids secrete a hormone, parathormone or parathyroid hormone (PTH), that regulates the amounts of calcium and phosphorus in the blood
Term
The hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that causes the growth and development of ova is called
A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) steroids
D) follicle-stimulating hormone
Definition
D
PG 203: Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) stimulates the growth and secretion of ovarian follicles in women and the production of sperm in men.
Term
The hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex that acts on the renal tubules to reabsorb sodium is
A) aldosterone
B) epinephrine
C) androgen
D) renin
Definition
A
PG 207: Aldosterone, the most important mineralocorticoid, stimulates reabsorption of sodium into the plasma.
Term
Which hormone is responsible for the conversion of glycogen into glucose?
A) Insulin
B) Glucagon
C) Gastrin
D) ANP
Definition
B
PG 208: Glucagon is needed to break down glycogen (stored sugar) into glucose, a process called glycogenolysis.
Term
Which of the following is not a function of glucocorticoids?
A) Regulation of sodium and water balance
B) Depression of the immune response
C) Decreased inflammatory response
D) Regulation of the synthesis of glucose
Definition
A
PG 207: Glucocorticoids have an important influence on the synthesis of glucose, amino acids, and fats during metabolism. They also depress the immune response and decrease the inflammatory response.
Term
The human body requires which of the following to metabolize glucose?
A) Adrenalin
B) Gastrin
C) Insulin
D) Lipase
Definition
C
PG 208: Insulin stimulates the liver to convert extra glucose into glycogen
Term
Which of the following is responsible for the sleep-wake cycle?
A) Melatonin
B) Thymosin
C) Calcitonin
D) Parathyroid hormone
Definition
A
PG 211: Melatonin, the hormone secreted by the pineal gland, helps regulate the sleep–wake cycle.
Term
The hormone released by the lining of the duodenum, which travels to the gallbladder causing it to contract and release bile, is called
A) Secretin
B) Cholecystokinin
C) Pancreozymin
D) Gastrin
Definition
B
PG 208: The lining of the upper part of the small intestine secretes ... another hormone that regulates the release of bile from the gallbladder and causes the gallbladder to contract (cholecystokinin).
Term
Erythropoietin Stimiulates
A) white cell production
B) sperm production
C) red cell production
D) the release of gastric acids
Definition
C
PG 209: Erythropoietin stimulates red blood cell production.
Term
You are teaching your client what happens in the body when there is a lack of insulin or the insulin in the body is not working. Which of the following statements is your best explanation regarding what occurs?
A) The cells work harder to get rid of the glucose
B) The glucos level increases in the cells
C) The glucose level decreases in the blood
D) the glucose level increases in the blood.
Definition
D
PG 208: If there is a lack of insulin or if the insulin is not working as it should, an increased blood glucose level will result.
Term
Which of the following is not a normal response to aging?
A) Lack of a sexual response
B) Thin hair
C) Hirsutism in women
D) Dry skin
Definition
A
PG 210: Impotence in men and a lack of sexual response in women are not natural results of aging.
Term
The hormone produced by the male sex gland is
A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) testosterone
D) lutenizing hormone
Definition
C
PG 206: Testes (male) - Testosterone - Develops male sex characteristics (also influenced by androgens)
Term
The function of ADH is to
A) increase the reabsorption of water by the kidneys
B) increase the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys
C) decrease the reabsorption of water by the kidneys
D) decrease the reabsorption of sodium by the kidneys
Definition
A
155-1
Term
The effect of oxytocin on the uterus is to
A) contribute to the growth of the placenta
B) help increase circulation in the fetus
C) prevent contractions before the end of gestation
D) cause contractions for delivery
Definition
D
206-2
Term
Oxytocin and ADH are both secreted by the
A) ovaries
B) anterior pituitary gland
C) posterior pituitay gland
D) adrenal glands
Definition
C
206-1
Term
The hormone that initiates sperm production in the testes
A) FSH
B) LH
C) ACTH
D) GH
Definition
A
PG 290: FSH stimulates the formation of sperm.
Term
In men, the function of LH is to
A) increase secretion of testosterone
B) stimulate sperm production in the testes
C) both A and B
C) both A and B, and increase secretion of GnRH
Definition
A
Term
In women, the function of FSH is to
A) initiate development of egg cells in the ovaries
B) increase the secretion of estrogen
C) both A and B
D) both A and B, and increase the secretion of GnRH
Definition
C
Term
In women, the function of LH is to
A) increase secretion of progesterone in the ovary
B) cause ovulation
C) both A and B
D) neither A nor B
Definition
B
Term
The hormone that stimulates secretion of thyroxine is
A) TSH
B) ACTH
C) prolactin
D) GH
Definition
A
Term
The hormone that stimulates the secretion of cortisol is
A) TSH
B) ACTH
C) prolactin
D) GH
Definition
B
207
Term
The hormone that increases milk production is
A) estrogen
B) progesterone
C) prolactin
D) oxytocin
Definition
C
ONLINE
Term
The hormone that decreases the blood calcium level is
A) thyroxine
B) PTH
C) calcitonin
D) insulin
Definition
C
206
Term
The function of calcitonin is to
A) decrease the reabsorption of calcium from the bones
B) increase the reabsorption of calcium by the small intestine
C) decrease the reabsorption of calcium by the small intestine
D) increase the reabsorption of calcium from the bones
Definition
A
206
Term
The hormone that enables cells to take in glucose to use for energy production is
A) insulin
B) cortisol
C) glucagon
D) GH
Definition
A
Ron
Term
The hormone that decreases the blood glucose level, as after a meal is
A) aldosterone
B) insulin
C) glucagon
D) epinephrine
Definition
B
Term
The hormone cortisol is produced by the
A) adrenal cortex
B) adrenal medulla
C) pancreas
D) thyroid gland
Definition
A
Term
The hormone that increases the absorption of sodium ions by the kidneys is
A) aldosterone
B) ADH
C) calcitonin
D) PTH
Definition
A
Term
The hormone that increases the excretion of potassium ions by the kidneys is
A) ADH
B) PTH
C) cortisol
D) aldosterone
Definition
D
281-2
Term
The hormone aldosterone is secreted by the ___, and its target organs are the ___.
A) adrenal cortex / blood vessels
B) adrenal medulla / blood vessels
C) adrenal medulla / kidneys
D) adrenal cortex / kidneys
Definition
D
Ron
Term
The adrenal medulla is the ___ part of the adrenal gland, and produces the hormones ___.
A) inner / epinephrine andnorepinaphrine
B) outer / cortisol and aldosterone
C) inner / cortisol and aldosterone
D) outer epinephrine and norepinephrine
Definition
A
Ron
Term
The hormones directly necessary for development of egg cells in the ovary are
A) LH and estrogen
B) FSH and estrogen
C) FSH and progesterone
D) LH and progesterone
Definition
B
Ron
Term
The hormones directly necessary for the development of sperm in the testes are
A) LH and testosterone
B) LH and FSH
C) testostrone and inhibin
D) FSH and testosterone
Definition
B
Term
The hormone estrogen is produced by the
A) egg cell in the ovary
B) follicl in the ovary
C) interstitial cels in the ovary
D) myometrium of the uterus
Definition
B
292-4
Term
The hormone progesterone is produced by the
A) interstitial cells in the ovary
B) follicle in the ovary
C) corpus luteum in the ovary
D) myometrium of the uterus
Definition
C
Term
The hormone that increases the use of all three food types for energy is
A) thyroxine
B) insulin
C) GH
D) cortisol
Definition
B
Term
the mineral ____ is necessary for the production of thyroxine and T3 by the
A) iron / thyroid gland
B) iodine / thyroid gland
C) iodine / adrenal gland
D) iron / adrenal gland
Definition
B
Term
The function of growth hormone is to
A) increase the rate of mitosis in growing tissues
B) increase the rate of protein synthesis
C) both A and B
D) both and B, and enable cells to take in glucose
Definition
C
203-1
Term
The human cell has ___ chromosomes
Definition
46
Term
Carries genetic factors
Contains hereditary information found on the chromosome
Definition
Chromosome
   Gene
Term
Provides immune response
Definition
Langerhans (also called nonpigmented granular dendrocyte)
Term
A direct cause of varices
Definition
portal hypertension
Term
A possible esophageal effect of liver cirrhosis
Definition
esophageal varices
Term
Anorexia: treatment goal
Definition
Patient states improved appetite and food intake
Term
Ascies: treatment medication that saves potassium while releasing water and sodium
Definition
Spironolactone (Aldactone)
Term
Ascites: treatment
Definition
abdominal paracentesis
Term
Asterixis
Definition
liver flap
Term
Before performing a cholecystogram, what should you ask the client about?
Definition
allergy to iodine or shellfish
Term
Bilirubin: reference range
Definition
0.1 - 1.0
Term
Cholecystitis and Cholelithiasis: dx (5)
Definition
- labs
- ultrasound
- x-ray
- cholecystogram
- EGD or ERCP
Term
Cholecystitis and Cholelithiasis: s/sx (4)
Definition
- sudden acute pain
- pain may radiate to back or right shoulder
- clay colored stools
- jaundice
Term
Cholecystitis and cholelithiasis: foods to avoid
Definition
- eggs
- cheese
Term
Cholecystitis and cholelithiasis: preferred pain med (and what NOT to give)
Definition
- Give Demerol
- Don't give morphine
Term
Choledocholithiases
Definition
common bile duct stones
Term
Cholelithiasis
Definition
gallstones
Term
Cirrhosis: client teaching (6)
Definition
- don't drink
- don't smoke
- fluid restrictions
- low protein
- high vitamins
- no acetaminophen or diazepam
Term
Cirrhosis: nursing considerations (2)
Definition
- soft-bristled toothbrush
- monitor daily weight and girth
Term
Drainage tube used to treat cholecystitis and cholelithiasis
Definition
T-tube
Term
Fatty, foul-smelling stools
Definition
steatorrhea
Term
Fetor hepaticus
Definition
foul breath
Term
Foul breath
Definition
Fetor hepaticus
Term
Fulminant liver failure is most often caused by what?
Definition
HBV
Term
Gallstone formation (3)
Definition
- high-cholesterol, low-acid bile is thick
- gallbladder absorbs water, drying out bile
- bile hardens
Term
Hepatic encephalopathy: s/sx (4)
Definition
- somnolence
- increased serum ammonia
- confusion
- coma
Term
Hepatitis: causes (3)
Definition
- virus
- autoimmune conditions
- toxic substances
Term
Hepatitis: definition
Definition
acute or chronic condition of liver inflammation
Term
How do nutrients absorbed in alveoli get back to liver?
Definition
hepatic portal vein
Term
Laparoscopic cholecystectomy: common complaint and its cause
Definition
- right shoulder pain
- caused by CO2 instilled in abdomen
Term
Liver biopsy: post-procedure nursing care (5)
Definition
- V/S
- check biopsy site if V/S change
- keep patient on right side
- pressure applied
- watch for signs of pneumothorax
Term
Liver biopsy: pre-op tests of interest (2)
Definition
- PT
- Clotting time
Term
Liver cirrhosis: s/sx (8)
Definition
- anorexia
- fever
- abdominal pain
- bleeding problems
- jaundice
- spider angiomas
- veins dilated
- esophageal varices
Term
Liver cirrhosis: treatment (6)
Definition
- goal is to stop or delay progression
- avoid alcohol
- low-protein
- electrolyte balance
- Lactulose
- ascites treatment
Term
Liver failure: client teaching (5)
Definition
- tepid baths and lotion for itching
- positioning for breathing
- put pressure on punctures longer
- explain jaundice
Term
Liver failure: signs and symptoms (8)
Definition
- tremors
- clay colored stools
- jaundice
- mental changes (seizures, stupor, etc)
- dull sound heard with percussion over liver
- ascites/edema
- coagulopathy
- shrinking liver
Term
Liver failure: treatment (6)
Definition
- Vasopressin to control varices
- low-protein diet
- manage fluid, electrolyte balance
- antibiotics
- lactulose
- Vitamin K
Term
Liver transplant: early sign of rejection
Definition
temperature >101
Term
Murphy's sign
Definition
Inability to take a deep breath when fingers are pressed under liver margin
Term
Neurological changes from excess ammonia
Definition
encephalopathy
Term
Oliguria and sodium retention without kidney defects
Definition
hepatorenal syndrome
Term
Pancreatic cancer: diagnostic
Definition
ultrasound
Term
Pancreatic juices: contents
Definition
- water
- enzymes
- protein
Term
Pancreatitis: causes (4)
Definition
- infection
- trauma
- alcohol
- drugs
Term
Pancreatitis: s/sx (5)
Definition
- intractable pain in mid-epigastric area
- fever
- anorexia
- persistent vomiting
- distention
Term
Pancreatitis: secondary effect
Definition
diabetes mellitus due to affected islets of Langerhans
Term
Pancreatitis: treatment (4)
Definition
- hourly V/S
- Non-morphine narcotics
- no alcohol
- Discharge planning: call if weight loss, hi blood sugar, fatty stools
Term
Problem with liver: what specific lab test would be important
Definition
Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP)
Term
Requirement for HDV
Definition
HBV
Term
Treatment that allows for continuous shunting of ascitic fluid into the superior vena cava
Definition
LeVeen continuous peritoneal jugular shunt
Term
diet for hepatic encephalopathy
Definition
low-protein
Term
discoloration at the periumbilical area. May indicate underlying subcutaneous intraperitoneal hemmorhage.
Definition
Cullen's sign
Term
gallstones
Definition
Cholelithiasis
Term
patient has chronic liver failure. Presents with asterixis, fetor hepaticus, confusion. What's the complication?
Definition
hepatic encephalopathy
Term
procedure that can retrieve or crush leftover gallstones
Definition
Endoscopic Retrograde CholangioPancreatography (ERCP)
Term
symptoms include confusion and coma
Definition
encephalopathy
Term
syndrome that causes anuria
Definition
hepatorenal syndrome
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