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NcLEX MEDS
MEDS for NcLEX
63
Nursing
Graduate
06/19/2013

Additional Nursing Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Levophed (norepinephrine), Intropin (Dopamine), Adrenalin (epinephrine), Dobutrex (dobutamine) belong to what category? Used for what? Side Effects?
Definition

Andrenergics.  

Used for Cardiac Arrest, COPD

Stimulate beta-2 receptors in lungs

Side Effects:  Dysrhythmias, tremors, anticholinergic effects

Term
What are nursing considerations for Andrenergics?
Definition

Monitor BP

Monitor peripheral pulses

Check output

Could be drowsy

Term

Librium (chlordiazepoxide), Xanax (alprazolam), Ativan (Lorazepam), Vistaril (hydroyzine), Equanil belong to what category?  What are they used for?  Action they take?

What is a sub-group?

Definition

Anti-anxiety agents, used for anxiety disorders, manic episodes, panic attacks.  Affect neurotransmitters

Sub-group:  Benzodiazapines

Term

What are nursing considerations for anti-anxiety agents? Side Effects?

 

Definition

Potential for addiction/overdose

avoid alcohol

monitor liver function (LDH, AST, ALTs)

Side Effects:  confusion, sedation, hepatic dysfunction

Discontinue slowly

**Diminish effectiveness of drugs with cigarrets and caffeine

Term
Amphojel (aluminum hydroxide), Milk of Magnesia (magnesium hydroxide), Maalox are which category?  Action?  Uses?
Definition
Antacids.  Action: neutralize gastric acids.  Used for peptic ulcer, indigestion, reflex esophagitis
Term
What are side-effects of antacids and nursing considerations?
Definition

Side effects- constipation, diarrhea, acid rebound

Nursing considerations:  Interferes with absorption of antibiotics, iron preps, INH, Oral contraceptives

Monitor bowel function

Fluid and electrolyte balance.

Term
Atropine sulfate, Lidocaine, Pronestyl (procainamide), Quinidine, Isuprel (Isoproterenol) belong to which category? Actions?  Uses?
Definition
Antidysrhythmics, Action: Interfere with electrical excitability of the heart.  Uses- Atrial fibrillation and flutter, tachycardia, PVCs.
Term
Side effects of antidyshythmics?  Nursing considerations?
Definition

Side effects:  Lightheadedness, bradycardia, hypotension, urinary retention, airway issues

Nursing Considerations:  Monitor VS, monitor cardiac ryhthm

Term
What are some considerations for antibiotics?  What are some teachings?
Definition

Allergies, Super-infection (kills normal flora), Organ toxicity (liver & kidney)

Teaching:  take until gone, do culture and sensitivity first, encourage fluids, check expiration date

Term
Gentamycin, Neomycin, Streptomycin, Tombramycin are which family of antibiotics? "Mycin-endings"  Actions?  Uses?
Definition
They are Aminoglycosides.  Action: inhibits protein synthesis in gram-negative bacteria.  Used for Pseudomonas, E. Coli
Term
What are side effects Aminoglycosides?  Nursing considerations?
Definition

Ototoxicity (ear problems), anorexia, nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, nephrotoxicity (check BUNs)

Nursing considerations: Check 8th cranial nerve (hearing nerve), check renal function, take for 7-10 days, encourage fluids (3000 ml/day)

Term
When giving IV, when is the PEAK of the medication?  When is Trauff?
Definition
1 hour after given PEAK.  Trauff is right before you give the med.
Term
Ceclor (cefaclor), Ancef (cefazolin), Keflex (cephalexin), Rocephin (ceftriaxone), Mefoxin (cefoxitin) belong to which family of antibiotics? "Cefs/Cephs"  Action?  Uses?
Definition
Cephalosporins.  Action:  Inhibits synthesis of bacterial cell wall.  Uses:  tonsillitis, ottis media, peri-operative prophylaxis, meningitis
Term
What are side effects of Cephalosporins?  Nursing considerations?
Definition
Side Effects- bone marrow depression, superinfetions, rash.  Nursing considerations:  take with food, cross allergy with PCN, avoid alcohol, obtain C&S before first dose
Term
What has a cross allergy with cephalosoprins?
Definition
Peniccillin
Term
What is one consideration when testing protein and glucose in the urine of clients who take cephalosporins?
Definition
Cephalosporins may create a false positive for protein and glucose in urine
Term
What family of antibiotic does Cipro (ciprofloxin) blong to?  Action?  Uses?
Definition
Fluoroquinolones.  Action:  Interferes with DNA replication of gram-negative bacteria.  Uses- E. Coli, Pseudomonas, S. aureus.  Also used for Anthrax.
Term
What are side effects and nursing considerations for Fluoroquinolones?  Nursing considerations?
Definition

Side Effects:  Diarrhea, decreased WBC and hematocrit, elevated liver enzymes (AST, ALT0, elevated alkaline phosphatase

Nursing considerations:  C&S before starting therapy, encourage fluids, take 1h ac or 2h pc.  NOT TAKEN w. FOOD or Antacids

Term
Which drug can be given with Cipro to increase effectiveness?
Definition
Provenicin
Term
What family of antibiotics do Erythromycin, Cleocin (clindamycin) belong to?  Action?  Uses?
Definition
Macrolide antibiotic.  Action:  binds to cell membrane and changes protein function.  Uses:  Acute infections, acne, URI, prophylaxis before dental procedures if allergic to PCN (pennicillin)
Term
What are side effect and nursing considerations for Macrolide Antibiotics?
Definition
Side effects- diarrhea, confusion, hepatotoxicity, superinfections.  Nursing considerations:  Take 1 h ac or 2-3 h pc.  (BEFORE OR AFTER MEALS, NOT WITH FOOD) Monitor liver function.  TAKE with WATER.  NEVER FRUIT JUICE
Term
Amoxil (amoxicillin), Ampicillin, Augmentin (amoxicillin/clavulanate) are which family of antibiotics?  Action?  Uses?
Definition
Penicillins.  Action:  Inhibits synthesis of cell wall.  Uses:  Moderate to severe infections, syphilis, gonococcus infections, Lyme disease
Term
What are side effects of penicillins?  Nursing considerations?
Definition
Side effects:  Stomatitis, diarrhea, allergic reactions, renal and hepatic changes.  Nursing considerations:  Check for hypersensitivity, give 1-2 h ac or 2-3 h pc.  Cross allergy with Cephalosporins
Term
Does allergic reactions happent he first time?
Definition
No.  Sometimes it could be repeated exposure that result in allergic reactions
Term
What family are Gantrisin (acetyl sulfisoxazole), Bactrim (co-trimoxazole), Azulfidine (sulfasalazine) belong to?  Action?  Uses?
Definition

Sulfonamides.  Action:  Antagonize essential component of folic acid synthesis.

Uses:  Ulcerative colitis, Crohn's disease, otitis media, UTIs

Term

What are Side Effects of Sulfodamides?

Nursing Considerations?

Definition
Side effects:  Peripheral neurophathy, crystalluria, photosensitivity, GI upset, Stomatitis (inflammation of mucous lining).  Nursing considerations:  Take WITH MEALS or FOOD, Encourage fluids (3000 ml/day), GOOD mouth care!
Term
What will interfere with the effectiveness of Sulfodamides?
Definition
Antiacids
Term
What family of antibiotics are Vibramycin (doxycycline), Panmycin (tetracycline)?  Action?  Uses?
Definition
Tetracyclines.  Action-inhibits protein synthesis.  Uses:  Infections, acne, prophylaxis ophthalmia neonatorum (give babies who are born to prevent from baby getting infected in birth canal)
Term
What are the side effects of Tetracyclines?  Nursing considerations?
Definition
Side effects:  discoloration of primary teeth if taken during pregnancy, glossitis, rash, phototoxic reactions (sun burn-like rash).  Nursing considerations: SUN BLOCK!  Take 1h ac or 2-3 h pc.  DO NOT TAKE with antacid, milk, iron.  NOTE expiration date!  Monitor renal function.  Avoid sunlight!
Term
Furadantin is used to treat what?  Side Effects?  Nursing Considerations?
Definition
UTIs.  Side Effects: Asthma attacks, diarrhea.  Nursing considerations:  Anti-infective, give with FOOD OR MILK.  Monitor Pulmonary status.  Take w. Crannberry juice.  Don't eat almonds, coconut, milk, and some veggies
Term
What is Pyridium used for?  Side effects?  Nursing considerations?
Definition
treat UTIs.  Side effects:  headache, vertigo.  Nursing considerations:  Urinary tract analgesic.  Tell patient urine will be orange.
Term
What are side effects of Viagra, Levitra, Cialis?  Contraindications?  Nursing considerations?
Definition
Side effects:  headache, hypotension, priapism (sustained long term erection).  Contraindications:  nitrates, alpha blockers.  Nursing considerations:  Can not take with GRAPEFRUIT juice.  Call PCP if erection lasting longer than 4 hours
Term
What are Pro-Banthine (propanthekine), Atropine, Scopace (scopolamine)?  Action?  Uses?
Definition
Anticholinergics (DRY).  Action:  Dilates pupil, causes bronchodilation and decreased secretions, decreases mobility and GI secretions.  Uses:  opthalmic exam (to check vision), motion sickness, pre-operative
Term
Side effects of Anticholinergics?  Nursing considerations
Definition
Side effects:  Blurred vision, dry mouth, urinary retention, change in heart rate.  Nursing considerations:  Monitor output, contraindicated with Glaucoma (damage to optic nerve).  Give 30 min ac, hs, or 2 h pc.
Term
What are the actions and uses of anticoagulants?
Definition
Action:  blocks conversion of prothrombin to thrombin.  Uses:  pulmonary embolism, venous thrombosis, prophylaxis after acute MI
Term
What are side effects and nursing considerations of anticoagulants Heprin?
Definition
Hematuria, tissue irritation.  Nursing considerations:  Monitor clotting time or PTT.  Normal is 20-45 sec.  The therapeutic level 1.5-2.5 times control.  Antagonist-protamine sulfate. Give SC or IV
Term
What NOT to give with Heprin?
Definition
Asprin & , because it has anti-coagulant properties already
Term
What are actions of Coumadin (warfarin)?  Uses?
Definition
Action-interferes with synthesis of vitamin K-dependent clotting factors.  Uses:  Pulmonary embolism, venous thrombosis, prophylaxis after acute MI
Term
What are side effects of Coumadin?  Nursing considerations?
Definition
Side effects:  Hemorrhage, alopecia.  Nursing considerations:  Monitor PT.  Normal is 9-12 sec.  Therapeutic level 1.5 times control.  Antagonis-Vitamin K.  Monitor for bleeding.  Give PO.
Term
What kind of foods should avoid eating with Coumadin?
Definition

Foods rich in Vitamin K.  Cheese, yougart, milk, pork, rice, green veggies.

AND NO ASPRIN.  Vitamin C will DECREASE effectiveness

Term
What are the 3 herbals considered with anti-coagulents?
Definition
Garlic, Ginco, and Ginger will increase effect of med.  Vit E Will increase effect of med
Term
What group do Dilantin (Phenytoin), Luminal (phenobarbital), Depakote (divalproex sodium), Tegretol (carbamazepine), and Klonopin (clonazepam) belong to?  Action?  Uses?
Definition
Anticonvulsants.  Decreases flow of calcium and sodium across neuronal membranes.
Term
Side effects of anticonvulsants?  Nursing considerations?
Definition

Side effects- respiratory depression, aplastic anemia, gingival hypertrophy, ataxia.

Don't discontinue abruptly, monitor I&O, caution with use of medicaitons that lower seizure threshold (MAOI, anti-psychotics)

Term
Urine color changes of anticonvulsants?
Definition
Urine will be pink
Term
What is very special about Dilantin?
Definition
NEVER GIVE with another DRUG!
Term

What should be assessed with Mg Sulfate?

What is it used for?

Definition
Deep tendon reflexes must be evaluated.  Used for pregnancy-induced hypertension
Term
What is special about Depakote?
Definition
Can NOT drink carbonated beverages
Term
What category do Marplan (isocarboxazid), Parnate (tranylcypromine), Nardil (phenelzine) belong to?  Action?  Uses?
Definition
Antidepressants, MAOIs.  Action-Causes increased concentration of neurotransmitters.  Used for depression, chronic pain.
Term

What are the side effects of antidepressants?

Nursing considerations? 

Definition
Hypertensive crisis when taken with tyramine-containing foods, photosensitivity. Nursing considerations:  Avoid foods containing tyramine (aged cheese, bologna, pepperoni, salami, bananas, raisins, beer).  Monitor output.  Takes 4 weeks to work
Term
What kind of meds can not be taken with MAOIs?
Definition
Cold medication
Term
What are signs of hypertensive crisis when taking MAOIs with foods containing tyramine?
Definition
Severe headache, palpatations, diaphoretic, have a stiff neck.  Can progress to intracranial hemmerage
Term
What category do Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft blong to?  Actions?  Uses?
Definition
They are antidepressants that are Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors.  Action- inhibits CNS uptake of serotonin.  Uses:  depression, obsessive compulsive disorders, bulimia.
Term
What are side effects of SSRIs?  Nursing considerations?
Definition
Side effects:  Anxiety, GI upset, change in appetite and bowel function, urinary retention.  Nursing considerations:  suicide precautions, takes 4 weeks for full effect.  Take in am.
Term
What category do Elavil, Tofranil, Norpramin belong to?  Action?  Uses?
Definition
They are Antidepressant Tricyclics.  Action-nhibits reuptake of neurotransmitters.  Used for depression, sleep apnea
Term
What are side effects of antidepressant Tricyclics?  Nursing considerations?
Definition
Side Effects- sedation, anticholinergic effects, confusion, postural hypotension, urinary retention.  Nursing considerations:  monitor for suicide, takes 2-6 weeks to work, take at HS, monitor vitals
Term
What kind of meds do you NOT give antidepressant Trycyclics?
Definition
Sleep meds
Term
What category do Wellbutrin and Desyrel belong to?  Uses?  Side effects?  Nursing considerations?
Definition
Antidepressant Heterocyclics.  Used for depression and smoking cessation.  Side effects:  Wellbutrin-agitation.  Desyrel:  sedation.  Nursing considerations:  avoid alcohol and CNS depressants, wean off slowly
Term

For insulin, what are examples of Regular/Fast Acting?

Onset, Peak, and Duration?  

Definition
Regular Insulin, Humulin R.  Onset: .5-1 h.  Peak 2-4 hrs (hypoglycemia).  Duration 6-8 hrs.
Term

What are the Intermediate acting Insulin?

Onset?  Peak?  Duration?

Definition
NPH, Humulin N.  Onset 2 h, Peak 6-12 h (early evening), Duration 18-26 hrs.
Term
What are slower acting Insulin?  Onset, Peak, Duration?
Definition
Ultralente, Humulin U.  Onset 4 hrs.  Peak 8-20 h.  Duration: 24-36 hours.
Term
What is an example of the Combination Insulin?  Onset?  Peak?  Duation?
Definition
Humulin 70/30.  Onset: .5 hr.  Peak 2-12 hr. Duration: 24 hr
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