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| Criteria Selection of Materials and Finishes can be broadly classified into five groups: |
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Function Durability Maintainability Safety/Health Cost
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The American Society for Testing and Materials |
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| American National Standards Institute |
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| Three Basic types of Furniture |
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Ready-made Custom-designed Built-in
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Seating Beds Storage Tables Workstations System
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| Selection Criteria for furniture is based on: |
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Function Comfort Quality Finish Cost
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Obtained from fleece of sheep |
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Cellulosic fiber coming from seed hairs of cotton plant. |
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Made from fibers of flax plant. Seldom used for upholstery because lacks resilience and flexibility Does not hold printed dyes well Resist fading Used in draperies and wall coverings
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| Derived from stalk of a plant (Ex. Linen, jute, ramie and hemp). |
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Obtained from fibers spun by silkworm larvae. Strong, good resilience and flexibility. Very expensive and degrades in sunlight. |
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| Regenerated cellulosic fiber. Poor resistance to sunlight and poor resiliency. Flammable and seldom used on upholstery. |
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Regenerated cellulosic fiber composed of cellulose, acetic acit and other chemicals. Low in cost, flammable and doesn't wear well. |
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| Synthetic fiber that is strong, high resiliency and elasticity. |
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| Often used as a replacement for wool because of it's appearance. Moderately good strength and resilience resistant to sunlight. Flammable. |
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| Inexpensive and highly resistant to chemicals, mildew and microorganisms. Used for carpeting and carpet backing. |
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| Good resilence, elasticity, high resistance to solvents and other chemicals and sunlight. |
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| Polyester yarn that used a modified polymer so it is permanently flame resistant regardless of wear and number of washings. |
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| Engineered fabric resistant to stain, water, flame and bacteria. Used for upholstery, wall coverings, bedspreads. |
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| Factors in selecting a fabric: |
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Definition
Durability Flammability Dimensional Stability Maintenance Appearance Scale Comfort Touch
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| The following list gives padding types, from most resistant to cigarette ignition and small flame to least resistant: |
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Definition
Neoprene Polyester batting Smolder-resistant and flame-resistant polyurethane foam Smolder-resistant and flame resistant cellulosic batting Mixed fiber batting Untreated polyurethane foam Cellulosic batting Latex foam
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Three Performance Criteria for Foam Cushions: |
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Definition
Density (greater the desitiy, greater the support) Firmness (ILD) Support Ratio
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| Fabric is attached to the cushion by: |
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Buttoning Tufting Channeling
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| Fabric-covered cord sewn into the seam of upholstery for ornamental purposes or to improve the durability of the covering. |
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| Is the application of fabric to furniture so that there are no intermediate seam details. Also used when vertical stripes on the fabric must run horizontally. |
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Indention Load Deflection To determine the cushion's ILD, a metal plate with an 8" diameter is pushed against a sample of foam 4" thick. The number of pounds required to compress the foam down 1" (or 25%) is the ILD rating. The higher the ILD, the firmer the foam <25= soft 25-50= firm 50+= very firm
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Also known as the Support Factor or Compression Modulus The ratio of the force required to compress a foam sample to 65% of its original thickness to the force required to compress the sample to 25% of its original thickness (the normal ILD rating). Higher the support factor, the better the foams ability to support weight. 2.25-4 used for medical, institutional and assembly. 2.0 use for backs of chairs and booths
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| Wyzenbeek Abrasion Resistance Test |
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ASTM D4966 Test determines the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics, generally with a pile depth of less than .08". Similar to the Wyzenbeek.
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| Tearing Strength Test, Tongue Method |
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| Bacterial Resistance Test |
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| Business and Institutional Furniture Manufacturers Association |
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| Measures the durabilty of Desk Products |
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| Measures the durabilty of Vertical Files |
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| Measures the durabilty of Lounge Seating. |
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| Measures the durabilty of Panel Systems |
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