Term
| floor plans, elevations, and sections are common types of |
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Definition
| orthographic drawings. use orthographic projection to enable a three-dimensional object to be seen in two-dimensions. |
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Term
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Definition
view of an object seen through as your line of sight were simultaneously perpendicular to every point on the face of the object.
all pieces shown in true relationship with other pieces, and the scale and proportion are the same for multiple views of the same object. no distortion for lines and planes parallel to the plane on which the view is projected. however, when a dagonal line or plane is shown it is foreshortened. |
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orthographic view of an object seen from directly above. horizontal cut made about 5' above the floor.
if some ground on which building sits, landscaping, walks, drives, and property lines are shown, drawing is a site plan. |
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Definition
show all construction materials within the walls.
dashed lines used for items to indicate they are above the normal section cut. |
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Definition
orthographic view of the ceiling of a room or building as though there were a mirror on the floor and you coudl see through the roof to see the ceiling's reflection.
walls that extend to or through the ceiling are drawn, but low walls are not |
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Definition
orthographic view of the side of an object.
spacing of wall panel joints or the width of cabinets is commonly shown on interior elevations rather than on plans. |
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Definition
show vertical dimension, but also show hidden information about construction that cannot be described on plans or elevations.
design sections typically illustrate larger scale views thorugh walls, millwork, door frames, and other details. most often simply called details.
section drawing shows cuts both through solids and voids. |
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Definition
| view of an object inclined to tht picture plane in such a way that the three principal axes are freshortened. |
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Term
| three types of axonmetric drawings |
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Definition
1. isometric-three-dimensional view of an object wher ethe object is tilted in relationship to a picture plane (rather than parallel in a relationship to a picture plane, as with an orthographic drawing). all lines of projection from the object to teh picture plane are parallel, as in an orthographic drawing, but in an isometric drawing these lines are oblique to the picture plane. b/c the horizontal plane is a parallelogram, floor plans and other planes must be redrawn at the 30-degree angle
dimetric drawing-two principal axes are equally foreshortened.
trimetric-all three of the principla axes are foreshortened. |
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Term
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Definition
three-dimensional view of an object where one plane of the object is parallel to the picture plane while the third axis is oblique to the picture plane. shows one plane of an object in true shape and scale with the third dimension drawn as lines at a fixed angle to the true plane.
advantage of an oblique is that an existing orthographic floor plan can be used as the starting point without any redrawing.
plan may be tilted at any angle as long as the walls are 90 degrees to each other, but, as with isometrics, it is most convenient to set the plan at 30, 60, or 45 degrees. |
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Definition
| give the most accurate tow-dimensional representation of teh three-dimensional world. b/c principle of convergence. convergence explains how parallel lines seem to look nonparallel and point to, or converge on, the same imaginary spot in the distance. |
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Term
| when point of view is perpendicular to one of the planes of the object |
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Definition
one point perspective is created.
all vertical lines are drawn vertically, and all lines perpendicular to the line of sight are drawn horizontally. lines parallel to the line of site converge at the one vanishing point used to create the drawing. |
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Definition
| created when the point of view is at normal eye level and is not perpendicular to any plane of the object. |
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Definition
| horizontal line drawn somewhere near the back edge of the plan. imaginary vertical plane on which all points of the object are projected to create the two-dimensional image |
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Definition
| two lines are extended from the station point to the left and right parallel to the two major sets of parallel lines of the object. b/c these lines are paralle to the object, they determine the vanishing points, or those imaginary points in the distance where the lines of the object appear to converge. |
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Definition
| horizontal line drawn on the plan which represents the place where the earth meets the sky. |
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| points where the horizontal line intersects the two vertical lines projected from above the vanishing points for the actual perspective drawings: left vanishing point (vpl) adn right vanishing point (vpr). |
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Definition
| points where the horizontal line intersects the two vertical lines projected from above the vanishing points for the actual perspective drawings: left vanishing point (vpl) adn right vanishing point (vpr). |
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Definition
| where the picture plane touches the plan drawing, a veritical line is projected down to intersect the horizon line. this becomes the true height line or simply the height line. only line on the perspective drawing where vertical dimensions can be directly scaled. |
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