Term
| Four basic kinds of wood flooring |
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Definition
1) strip flooring; most common, consists of thin strips, varying lengths, with tongue and groove edges
2) plank flooring; same thickness as strip (3/8 to 25/32), but is wider (3 1/4" to 8" wide)
3) block flooring; made of preassembled wood flooring in three basic configurations
*unit block-standard strip assembled into a unit held togeteher with steel or wood splines
*laminated block-made from three to five plies of cross-laminated wood veneer. (3/8 to 25/32" thick)
*parquet flooring-made of preassembled units of several small, thing slats of wood in a variety of patterns. usually sold in 12" squares, 5/16" thick, for mastic application
4)end grain blocks-solid pieces of wood from 2 1/4 to 4" thick laid on end. very durable and resistant to oils, mild chemicals, and indentation. often used for industrial |
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Term
| wood flooring is graded differently from other wood products. |
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Definition
| clear being best grade with the most uniform color. plain sawn is standard, but quarter sawn is available on special order. |
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Term
| environementally sensitive woods |
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Definition
bamboo-fast-growing; available in 1/2 and 3/4" thick strips about 3" wide or wider. milled with tongue and groove.
palm wood; harvested as a byproduct from plantation-grown coconut palms. harder than oak or maple and comes prefinished in colors ranging from dark to medium red mahogany |
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Term
| strip flooring is installed |
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Definition
by blind nailing through the tongue.
one method; sheet of 3/4" plywood is attached to the concrete to provide the nailable base. a layer of polyethylene film is laid down first if moisture may be a problem.
another method; wood flooring is laid on wood sleepers. not only gives a more resilient floor that is more comfortable under the foot, but it also provides an air space so any excess moisture can escape.
in both cases, a gap of about 3/8 to 3/4" is left at the perimeter to allow for expansion and is concealed with the wood base. |
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Term
| typical install for residential |
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Definition
| install over wood framing with a plywood or particleboard subfloor. layer of 15 pound asphalt felt may be laid to prevent squeaking and act as a vapor barrier. also resilient pads available that are used in place of sleepers for strip flooring installation. provide even more resilience, and are often used in dance floors and gyms. |
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Term
| five types of stone commonly used in flooring |
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Definition
| granite, marble, limestone, slate and sandstone |
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Term
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Definition
igneous rock with visible grains.
*polished finish has a mirror gloss with sharp reflection. *honed finish has a dull sheen, without reflections
*fine-rubbed finishes produce a smooth surface free from scratches, with no sheen. *rubbed finish has a surface with occasional slight trails or scratches. *flame, or thermal, has a coarse finish |
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Term
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Definition
metamorphic rock formed by layers of shells
smoothest finish is *polished, which produces a glossy surface bringing out the full color and character of the marble *honed finish has a satin smooth surface, with little or no gloss. *abrasive finish has a glat, non-reflective surface suitable for stair treads, adn other non-slip surfaces *wet-sand yields a smooth surfact that is also suitable for non-slip floors |
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Term
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Definition
| most commonly used for exterior surfaces, but type of limestone, called travertine, is frequently used for indoor flooring. has a network of holes, which must be filled with an epoxy resin to make a smooth surface. light, creamy color, and is usually finished with a polished surface |
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Term
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Definition
fine-grained metamorphic rock that is easily split into slabs.
natural cleft finsh shows the surface as it is cleaved from the rock, so it is rough, and the surface level varies by about 1/8"
*sand-rubbed finish gives an even plane showing a slight grain. *honed finish is semipolished, without a sheen |
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Term
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Definition
| sedimentary rock made of sand and other substrates. when cleaved from the original rock, it is called flagstone, and has a naturally rough surface. |
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Term
| stone flooring can be installed in a number of ways; two primary methods |
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Definition
1) thin-set; uniform thickness of stone is set on the subfloor with a special thin-set mortar or with adhesive.
2) thick-set installation requires that a layer of mortar from 3/4" ot 1 1/4" thick be applied to a suitably prepared, structurally sound subfloor. either the stone is then set in the semiwet mortar or the mortar is allowed to cure and the stone is set with another thin layer of dry-set mortar on top of the first. generally the best and must be used when the subfloor is uneven or when the stone varies in thickness, as with slate or sandstone.
thin-set are less expensive, add much less weight to the floor, and are faster to install. |
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Term
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Definition
| the mortar bed can be bonded to the sub-floor or separated from it with a cleavage membrane. used with steel reinforcing mesh in the mortar bed, this method allows the finish floor to be structurally separate from the subfloor. If the subfloor deflects or moves slightly, the stone flooring is protected from cracking because it is not bonded to the structural floor. |
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Term
| stone floors can be set with |
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Definition
joints tightly butted together, or filled with a grout or a portland cement/sand mixture
another type of grout being latex grout, which provides some flexibility when slight movement in the floor is expected. |
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Term
| thick-set floors are very heavy & |
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Definition
| require an extra 1 1/2 to 2 1/2" above the subfloor. structural capacities should be verified with a structural engineer. |
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Term
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Definition
composite material poured in place or precast that is used for floors, walls, adn stairs. consists of marble, quartz, granite, and other suiteable chips in a matrix that is cementitious, chemical, or a combination of both.
advantages include durability, water resistance, ease of cleaning, fire resistance, adn a wide choice of patterns and colors. |
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Term
| four basic typse of terrazzo |
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Definition
standard; most common, and uses small chips no larger than 3/8"
venetian; uses chips larger than 3/8"
palladian; uses thin random-fractured slabs of marble with standard terrazzo between
rustic; has the matrix depressed to expose the chips |
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Term
| terrazzo can be installed on walls as well as on floors |
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Definition
common floor installations
*sand-cushion method-best way to avoid cracking of the terrazzo because the finish system is physically separated from the structural slab with a membrane much the same as one fo teh thick0set stone floor installation methods.
if floor movement or deflection is not anticipated, teh bonded method can be used
where thickness of the install is a problem, a monolithic or thin-set method can be used |
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Term
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Definition
generic term describing several types of composition materials made from various resins, fibers, plasticizers, and fillers. applied with mastic to a sub-floor of concrete, plywood, or other smooth underlayment.
some resilient floors may be installed only on floors above grade, while others may be placed below, on, or above grade. |
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Term
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Definition
includes pure vinyl, vinyl composition, vinyl tiles, and sheet vinyl. good, durable resilient flooring. resistant to indentation, abrasion, grease, water, alkalis, and some acids.
can be used above grade, on grade, or below grade. must be installed over a dry, clean surface. usually 12" square, or available in sheet goods in 6, 9, or 12'. |
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Term
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Definition
| made from synthetic rubber and offers excellent resistance to deformation under loads, providing a comfortable, quiet, resilient floor. rubber, however, is not resilient to grease. |
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Term
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Definition
| avialable in tile form and used where accoustical control or resilience is desired. some types are not resistant to staining, fading, moisture, heavy loads, or concentrated foot traffic. generally, should only be used on above grade floors. |
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Term
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Definition
| composed of oxidized linseed oil, wood flour, pigments, adn fillers applied over a backing of burlap. good abrasion and grease resistance, but has limited resistance to alkalis. popular sustainable material. |
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Term
| three basic forms of carpet |
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Definition
| rugs, sheet carpet, and carpet tiles |
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Term
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Definition
| typically 18" square, applied to a floor with pressure sensitive adhesive. common for installations where frequent room changes occur, maintenance may be a problem, or where flat undercarpet electrical and telephone cabling is used. |
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Term
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Definition
1) wool-very durable and resilient, wears well, has a superior appearance, is flame resistant, adn relatively easy to clean. one of the most expensive fibers
2) nylon is an economical carpet that is very strong and wear resistant. high stain resistance adn excellent crush resistance, cleans easily, easily dyed.
3) acrylic-moderate abrasion resistance, but has a more wool-like appearance than nylon.
4) polyester-made from synthetic polymers and is highly abrasion resistant, has good crush resistance, cleans well, is mildew resistant, and is low-cost.
5) olefin-primarily used for indoor-outdoor carpet and as an alternative to just for carpet backing. durable and stain-resistant, cleans easily, but least attractive and low melting piont. |
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Term
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Definition
1)weaving-traditional method; produces very attractive, durable carpet, but most expensive. three primary ways of weaving
*Wilton-produced on a Jacquard loom that allows complex patterns, as well as several types of surface textures including level cut pile, level loop, cut/uncut, and multilevel loop. generally heavier and more expensive that other wovens for the same weight.
*velvet-simplest form of weaving adn places all pile yarns on the face of the carpet. generally solid colors.
*axminster-made on a modified Jacquard loom that delivers different colors of yarn at different times according to the pattern. unlike wilton, most of the pile yarns can be placed on the surface. even, cut-pile surface with a heavily ribbed backing.
* |
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Term
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Definition
| pile yarn is punched through the backing with rows of needles, much like a sewing machine. because of speed, and relative low-cost, this process accounts for the majority of the carpet manufactured. |
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Term
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Definition
| similar to tufting, but fiber is pulled through a backing with barbed needles. limited variation in texture and accounts for very small percent of total carpet market. |
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Term
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Definition
| embeds the pile yarn in a backing of liquid vinyl. used primarily for carpet tiles |
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Term
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Definition
| number of ends of surface yarn in a 27 inch width. for tufted carpet, this is called the gauge, which is the spacing in fractions of an inch between needles across the width of a carpet. |
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Term
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Definition
| number of lengthwise tufts in one inch. the higher the pitch or gauge number and stitch numbers are, teh denser the carpet is. |
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Term
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Definition
| height of the fiber from the surface of the backing to the top of the pile. generally, shorter adn more tightly packed fibers result in a more durable but more expensive carpet |
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Term
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Definition
| not required for all carpet, but increases the life of the carpet, provides better resiliency and comfort, helps sound absorption, adn lessens impact noise. |
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Term
| carpet is installed on one of two ways |
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Definition
direct glue down-carpet is attached to the floor with an adhesive
stretched in-uses tackless strips attached around the perimeter of the room. have embedded sharp points that face toward the wall. carpet is stretched against these strips, which hold the carpet in place. either stapeled to wood floors or glued to concrete after the tackless strips are in place. |
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Term
| all carpet must meet ASTM D 2859 |
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Definition
| also known as the methamine pill test. measures the response of a carpet sample to a burning methenamine tablet. |
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Term
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Definition
| surfacing unit, usually relatively thin in relation to facial area, made from clay or a mixture of clay and other ceramic materials, having either a glazed or unglazed surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| glazed or unglazed tile, usually with 6 square inches or more of facial area, and is made by the extrusion process from natural clay or shale. |
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Term
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Definition
formed by either dust-pressed or extrusion method, has a facial area of less than 6 square inches.
under 6 sq. inches mosaic tile, over 6 sq. inches wall tile, glazed and unglazed nonmosaic tile made by the extrusion method is quarry tile, glazed and unglazed over 6 sq. inches made by the dust-pressed method is calle paver tile. |
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Term
| classification of abrasion resistance |
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Definition
| Group I, light residential, Group II moderate residential, Group III, max. residential, Group IV, commercial |
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Term
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Definition
variation of plastic laminate material. composed of clear wearing sheet over a melamine-impregnated decorative printed sheet with core layers of phenolic-impregnated kraft paper.
available in planks, square tiles, or blocks, normally laid on a cushioned foam underlayment with the tongue and groove edges glued together. vapor barrier is normally required when laid over a concrete floor. hard, durable, resistant to staining, relatively easy to install, not recommended for wet areas. |
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Term
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Definition
| high-performance used where special characteristics such as extreme hardness, severe stain and chemical resistance, or excellent water resistance, or where cleanliness and ease of cleaning are required. industrial floors, commercial kitchens and food prep, labs, hospitals, parking garages. |
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Term
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Definition
generic term for the application of thin coatings of various materials to protect and decorate the surfaces to which they are applied.
coatings are composed of a vehicle, which is the liquid part of the coating, and the body and pigments if the coating is opaque. vehicle has a nonvolatile part called the binder adn a volatile part called the solvent. the binder, along with the body, forms teh actual film of the coating, while the solvent dissolves teh binder to allow for application of the coating. pigments give paint their color |
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Term
| paint is divided into solvent based and water based types |
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Definition
| solvent based coatings have binders dissolved in or containing organic solvents while water-based type has binders that are soluble or dispersed in water. |
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Term
| clear, solvent based coatings include |
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Definition
| varnishes, shellac, silicone, and urethane. when a small amount of pigment is added, the coating becomes a stain, which gives color to the surface but allows the appearance of teh underlying material to show through. used most often on wood. |
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Term
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Definition
| durable but have a strong odor when being applied adn must be cleaned up with solvents such as mineral spirits. cannot be painted on damp surfaces or on surfaces that may become damp from behind. |
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Term
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Definition
| water based, can be used indoor or outdoor. |
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Term
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Definition
| used as a binder for resistance to corrosion and chemicals. also resist abrasion and strongly adhere to concrete, metal and wood. |
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Term
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Definition
| used for superior resistance to abrasion, grease, alcohol, water, and fuels. often used for wood floors and for antigraffiti coatings |
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Term
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Definition
used for their washability and shiny appearance. however, tend to show defects in the surfaces on which they are applied.
satin finish provides a dull luster while still retaining some washability. |
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Term
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Definition
problem in older homes (pre 1978).
alternatives to fix; covering the wall with new layer of gyp. or simply repainting. |
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Term
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Definition
| volatile organic compounds. released in the air during application of coatings. |
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Term
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Definition
| packaged in rolls 20 1/2 inches wide by 21'. before application, liquid sizing must be applied to the wall to seal the surface against alkali, reduce absorption of paste or adhesive used, and provide proper surface. |
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Term
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Definition
three grades
Type I(light duty)
Type II (medium duty)
Type III (heavy duty)
Type I, residential, Type III corridors, food service areas, hospitals. |
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Term
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Definition
when fabric is placed over thick fiberglass batting, the assembly becomes an acoustical panel.
acoustical panels are made from sound absorbent materials such as fiberglass and are covered with a permeable material such as a loose-weave fabric. accoustical material should be at least 1" thick to be effective. |
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Term
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Definition
slabs about 3/4" thick attached to the wall substrates with stainless steel wires or ties. are then anchored to the substrate and hold the stone by being set in holes or slots cut into the back or sides of teh stone panel. lumps of plaster of paris, called spots, are placed between the substrate and teh back of the stone panel at each anchor adn hold the slab in place and allow for precise alignment before they harden.
for rooms with normal ceiling heights, the stone rests on the floor with the anchors simply serving each other to hold each panel in place. |
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Term
| roller shades and inverted roller shades |
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Definition
| consist of a piece of cloth wound around a spring roller. inexpensive, adn can be covered with decorative fabric. however, block off all view when closed, and interfere with ventilation. |
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Term
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Definition
| pull up with a cord into accordian folds |
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Term
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Definition
| operate in a way similar to roman, but are made of several rows of fabric seamed in such a way they fold into scallops when opened. |
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Term
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Definition
| consist of horizontal slats of wood, aluminum, or plastic whose angle can be adjusted with a ccontrol cord. can also be pulled up to varying levels with another cord. |
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Term
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Definition
| horizontal slats of aluminum like venetian blinds, but only 1/2 to 1" thick. controlled with a plastic rod. |
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Term
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Definition
| hand from track adn adjust only in the vertical direction. can be pulled to the side to expose the window. |
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Term
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Definition
| rigid panels, usually of wood, that are hinged, so they can be opened or closed. individual panels have thin, adjustable horizontal louvers to control view and light. |
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Term
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Definition
any loosely hung fabric that covers the window.
four common methods of pleating
1)pinch pleat
2)stack pleat
3)roll pleat
4)accordian type pleat
flammability takes precedence over durability, fading resistacne, and style. |
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Term
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Definition
| usually hung within the window frame and close to the glass |
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Term
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Definition
| when clear view is not required or desired, can be used to diffuse light. |
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Term
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Definition
| can be fixed or moveable, wood or metal, can also provide security |
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Term
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Definition
| individual horizontal pieces of glass that all pivot outward at once for ventilation. |
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