Term
| Three types of most frequently used partition construction |
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Definition
1. gyp board
2. lath & plaster
3. masonry |
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Term
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Definition
low install cost, quick and easy install, fire resistance, sound control capability, easy avail., versatile, ease of finish & decorating, ease of install of doors and other openings.
sizes: 4'wide sheets in lengths of 8, 10, 12, &14. thickness ranges from 1/4 to 5/8". special 3/4" that carries a 2 hour fire rating.
5/8" generally used in commercial, 1/2" in residential. |
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Term
| double layer gyp board required when: |
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Definition
| additional fire resistance is required or for extra accoustical control between rooms |
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Term
| most common wallboard has tapered edges |
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Definition
| on the face side along the dimension of the panel and square edges at the ends. the taper allows for application of reinforcing tape and joint compound without causing bulges at the joints. square edge panels are used when appearance is not a factor. |
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Term
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Definition
| fire rated partitions, foil-backed for vapor barriers, water resistant for use behind tile and in mod. moist conditions, backing board for two-layer application, and predecorated. |
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Term
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Definition
| nailing or screwing to wood or metal framing, or with mastic when applying it to smooth, dry concrete or masonry walls or to a base layer of wallboard. |
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Term
| metal framing is used for |
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Definition
| primarily commercial construction because it's non-combustible and easier to install. consists of light-guage steel studs set in floor and ceiling runners. (c shaped channels) |
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Term
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Definition
stand. depths of 1 5/8" 2 1/2", 3 5/8", 4", and 6".
std are lightweight, but heavier gauges are available for high partitions or where other structural considerations are important. |
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Term
| hat shaped furring channels |
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Definition
| used for ceiling framing and to fur out from concrete or masonry walls if the walls are uneven or if additional depth is needed for electrical outlets or insulation. |
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Term
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Definition
| used to improve the accoustical properties of a wall by isolating the wallboard from rigid attachment to the framing |
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Term
| the depth of the stud depends on the |
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Definition
| height of the partition, gauge of the stud, number of layers of wallboard, and spacing of studs. most commonly used is 2 1/2" |
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Term
| metal studs are usually placed at |
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Definition
16 or 24 inches on center
narrower spacing used for residential
wallboard with 1/2" generally applied for residential, and 5/8" generally for commercial |
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Term
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Definition
| used at all exterior corners not otherwise protected and various types of edge trim. |
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Term
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Definition
LC bead: edge trim requiring finishing with joint compound
L bead: edge trim without a back flange; good for installation after the wallboard has been installed. requires finishing with joint compound
LK bead: edge trim used for various thicknesses of wallboard in a kerfed jamb (one with a small slot cut in). requires finishing with joint compound.
U bead: edge trim that does not require finishing with joint compound, but the edge of the metal is noticeable. sometimes called j metal. |
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Term
| three of the most common types of gyp wallboard partitions |
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Definition
standard wood frame: used in residential, commonly constructed with 2x4 studs, 16" on center, covered with one layer of 1/2" wallboard on each side.
2. metal frame: 2 1/2 or 3 5/8" metal studs spaced at 24" on center. in commercial, std partition is only built up to the suspended ceiling , where the slab to slab partition is used when a complete fire-rated barrier must be constructed or when sound control is needed. |
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Term
| slab to slab partition with single layer of 5/8" type X on each side provides |
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Definition
| a one-hour fire rated partition, while two layers on each side provide a two-hour rating. |
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Term
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Definition
finish material made from various types of cementing compounds, fine aggregate, and water. applied over several kinds of base materials in one to three coats.
plaster describes various interior finishes, while stucco is an exterior type plaster made with portland cement. |
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Term
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Definition
gyp, lime, water, and aggregates of sand, vermiculite, or perlite.
vermiculite and perlite are used when a lightweight, fire resistant plaster is needed. |
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Term
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Definition
plaster that has a high resistance to abrasion and water penetration. used in wet areas or on walls subject to scratching or other abuse.
portland cement must be used as the base coat for Keene's or a s backing for tile walls. |
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Term
| two common types of plaster construction |
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Definition
1. metal lath that is attached to wood or metal studs and serves as the base for plaster. first coat, scratch coat, applied to the metal lath. followed by the brown coat, used to level the surface. finish coat provides final leveling and desired texture.
2. gyp board lath. applied horizontally to studs or as 48" or 96"sheets, and one or two coats of thin veneer plaster are applied over the boards. must be finished with a trim.
plaster used on curved surfaces, and where hard abrasion resistance is needed.
also used for a base for ceramic tile in areas subject to continual dampness. |
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Term
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Definition
| general term that includes brick, concrete block, glass block, structural clay tile, terracotta, adn gyp. block. |
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Term
| nonload bearing concrete block partitions are generally used in interiors to provide |
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Definition
| a strong, durable, fire-resistant partition. used in institutional applications. |
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Term
| because of the coefficient of expansion on glass and possibility of deflection you must |
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Definition
provide expansion joints around the perimeter of glass block walls.
glass block cannot be load-bearing. |
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Term
| three parts to door system |
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Definition
| door itself, frame, and hardware |
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Term
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Definition
| where the hinge or pivot is installed |
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Term
| strike side or strike jamb |
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Definition
| side where the door closes. |
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Term
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Definition
| only type acceptable as an exit door. |
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Term
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Definition
made of thin, flat veneers laminated to various types of cores. either hollow core or solid core.
hollow is used when cost is a consideration. no fire-resistant capability.
solid core are made of a variety of core types. used for fire-resistive properties, accoustical barriers, security, and superior durability. available in fire-ratings of 20 min, 45 min or 90 min. |
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Term
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Definition
2'-0, 2'4", 2'6, 2'8, 3'
heights: 6'8 and 7' |
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Term
| a one hour door must be installed in a |
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Definition
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Term
| three most common types of metal doors |
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Definition
flush: single smooth surface on both sides
sash: contain one or more glass lights
louvered: opening with metal slats to provide ventilation. |
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Term
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Definition
| used for either steel doors or wood doors, and are made from sheet steel bent into the shape required for the door installation. |
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Term
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Definition
most common method of attaching door to frame. consist of two leaves with an odd number of knuckles on one leaf and even on the other.
full mortise (also butt hinge) most common type. |
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Term
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Definition
| devices to operate a door, hold in the closed position, and lock it. |
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Term
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Definition
| simple to install in holes drilled into the door. relatively inexpensive. |
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Term
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Definition
| installed in rectangular area cut out of the door. |
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Term
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Definition
| has its mechanism in a rectangular box that fits within a notch cut in the edge of the door. |
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Term
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Definition
alternative way to hang doors where the appearance of hinges is objectionable or where a frameless door design may make it impossible to use hinges.
mounted in the floor and head of the door. center hung pivots allow the door to swing in either direction and can be completely concealed. offset pivots allow the door to swing 180 degrees if required. |
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Term
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Definition
devices that automatically return a door to its closed position after it is opened. also control the distance a door can be opened.
can be surface mounted on either side of the door, or in the head frame, or concealed in teh frame or in the door.
required on fire-rated doors. |
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Term
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Definition
| type of operating hardware used when required by the building code for safe egree by a large number of people. |
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Term
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Definition
| some method of keeping a door from damaging adjacent construction. |
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Term
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Definition
vertical members used between double doors to seal the opening, acting as a door stop, or to provide extra security when doors are closed.
if doors are required exit doors and an astragal is attached to one of them, they must have a door coordinator. device that coordinates the closing sequence of the two doors so they close completely, rather than having the leaf with the astragal close first adn preventing the other leaf from closing |
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Term
| push plates and pull bars |
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Definition
| required to operate a door that does not require auto latching |
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Term
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Definition
devises that are mortised or surface applied to the bottom of the door to provide a sound or light seal.
when door is open, the seal is up; as teh door is closed a plunger strikes the jamb and forces the seal down against the floor. |
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Term
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Definition
used along edges of doors to provide a tight seal against smoke, light, and sound
types: neoprene, felt, metal, and vinyl. |
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Term
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Definition
| used where floor materials change at a door line, where a hard surface is required for an auto door bottom, or where minor changes in floor level occur. |
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Term
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Definition
| process of installing glass in framing as well as installing the framing itself. |
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Term
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Definition
| also annealed glass, std. type of glass used in common windows and other applications where additional strength or other properties are not required. |
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Term
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Definition
| produced by subjecting annealed glass to a special heat treatment. about four times stronger than annealed glass of the same thickness. in addition to strength, also considered safety glass so it can be used in hazardous location. if it breaks, it falls into thousands of very small pieces instead of large shards. |
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Term
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Definition
| consists of two or more layers of glass bonded together by an interlayer of polyvinyl butyral resin. when broken, the interlayer holds the pieces together even though the glass itself may be severely cracked. used where very strong glazing is need or for accoustical control. can be bullet resistant. |
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Term
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Definition
| has a mesh of wire embedded in the middle of the sheet. surface can be smooth or patterned. used primarily in fire-rated assemblies where it is required by most building codes. cannot be tempered and does not qualify as safety glazing for hazardous locations. |
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Term
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Definition
| specialty glass made by passing a sheet of molten glass through rollers on which teh desired pattern is pressed, which may be on one or both sides. vision is diffused, but not totally obscured |
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Term
| fire-protection-rated glazing |
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Definition
rating from 30 to 90 minutes. one is visually clear ceramic, one is a special tempered glass, and one is made with two or three panes of glass with a transparent gel between. when subject to fire the gel foams and forms a heat shield.
for each type there are houly ratings, max. areas, and special detail requirements. some types cannot be used in hazardous locations. |
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Term
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Definition
| used to hold glass in place, when glass is conventionally framed. |
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Term
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Definition
| another process used to set glass. gap between adjacent pieces of glass may be left open or filled with silicone sealant. |
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Term
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Definition
glazed opening must be protected by 1/4" wire glass installed in steel frames or by approved fire-rated glass. Max. glazed area cannot exceed 25% of the area of the corridor wall of the room that it is separating from the corridor.
special fire-protection-rated glazing is not subject to this 25% limitation because it is tested as a wall assembly, not as an opening assembly. |
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Term
| safety glazing is also required in hazardous locations in walls. |
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Definition
| tempered or laminated glass is considered safety glazing. |
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Term
| when a building code requires that a partition be fire-rated |
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Definition
| then all openings (doors, glazing, ducts, and louvers), in that partition must also be fire-rated. |
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Term
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Definition
| protected opening; it includes all components, but int eh case of doors it is usually referred to as simply a fire-rated door, or a fire door assembly. |
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Term
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Definition
door assembly that has been tested by an independent lab to determine that it is capable of withstanding a measured temperature, without failure, for a set length of time.
The assembly consists of the door itself, the frame, and the hardware used on the door and frame. rating is stated in hours.
required rating for a door depends on the rating of the wall or partition in which it is placed and the intended use of the wall or partition. |
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Term
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Definition
use of a 20 minute door in a 1-hour rated exit access corridor or where a smoke and draft assembly is required
3/4 hour rated door in a 1-hour occupancy separation
1 hour door in a 1 hour rated exit stair enclosure
multi-floor projects-1 1/2 hour rated door must be used in a 2 hour rated exit enclosure |
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Term
| wood frames can only be used in |
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Definition
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Term
| for ratings above 1 1/2 hours for doors and 30 minutes or more for frames |
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Definition
| hollow metal must be used |
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Term
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Definition
Standard for Fire Doors and Windows
deals with the construction and installation of fire doors |
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Term
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Definition
Standard Methods for Fire Tests of Door Assemblies
standard method for testing fire doors |
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Term
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Definition
| permanent id mark, attached to the door or frame by a testing organization, that indicates that the component complies with the standard UL tests for fire doors and with the National Fire Protection Association's Standard, NFPA 80 |
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Term
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Definition
| product that has been shown to meet applicable standards for use in fire-rated assmblies (including NFPA 80) or that has been tested and found suitable for use in a specific application |
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Term
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Definition
most residential: gyp wallboard attached directly to the floor joists or ceiling joists
commercial: ceiling system is usually separate from the structure and is usually constructed with some type of suspended system, using acoustical tile, gyp board, or lath & plaster. plenum can then be used for mechanical |
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Term
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Definition
| constructed by screwing or nailing the board directly to the ceiling joists. any wiring or heating ducts are concealed between the joists. if add space is required, it is boxed in with wood framing and the wallboard is applied over the framing |
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Term
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Definition
| requires clear space for HVAC, conduit, sprinkler pipes, etc, which are applied to a suspended grid of framing members. |
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Term
| whichever type of (accoustical) ceiling install is used |
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Definition
| the tile at the perimeter walls is suported by a ceiling angle. this angle is also used to support light fixtures mounted next to the wall |
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Term
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Definition
many cases, the space above is used as a return air plenum. return air grilles are set in the grid and return air si simply allowed to pass through the grilles, through the ceiling space,and back to a central return air duct or shaft that connects to the HVAC system.
If this is the case, building code requires thta no combustible material be placed above the ceiling and that all plastic wiring must be run in metal conduit |
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Term
| if suspended ceilings are rated |
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Definition
| this means they are part of a complete floor-ceiling or roof-ceiling assembly that is rated. |
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Term
| lath and plaster ceilings |
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Definition
| can be curved in two directions for complex shaping. plaster castings of ornate moulding can be applied to the ceiling. |
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Term
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Definition
suspended ceiling systems specifically designated to accommodate accoustical ceiling tile, light fixtures, supply and return air grilles, sprinklers, and partition attachment in a consistent, unified way.
intended for use in commercial applications where the partitions, lights, and other elements connected with the ceiling change frequently. |
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Term
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Definition
| premium, custom, and economy |
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Term
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Definition
from which most millwork is constructed; thin slice of wood cut from a log and glued to a backing of particleobard or plywood, normally 3/4 inch thick.
solid stock, is a thicker piece of solid wood. |
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Term
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Definition
most efficient use of log and is least expensive.
wood is cut with various orientations to the grain of the tree, so results in a finished surface with the characteristic cathedral pattern. |
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Term
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Definition
produced by cutting log into quarters and then sawing perpendicular to a diameter line. saw cut is nearly perpendicular to the grain, which results in the grain pattern being more uniformally vertical.
tend to twist and cup less, shrink less in width, hold paint better, adn have fewer defects than plansawn boards |
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Term
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Definition
provides more consistent vertical grain because saw cuts are always made radially to the center of the tree.
must waste, and log must be shifted, more expensive, and rarely used. |
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Term
| five princpal methods of cutting veneers |
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Definition
plain slicing and quarter slicing; same as solid stock, but much thinnner; quarter produces a more straight-grained pattern than plain slicing because the knife strikes the growth rings at a 90 degree angle.
rotary slicing; log is mounted on a lathe and turned against a knife, which peels off a continuous layer of veneer. pronounced grain pattern, undesirable in fine-quality wood finishes, although produces the most veneer with the least waste.
half-round slicing; similar to rotary, but the log is cut in half and veneer cut slightly across the annular growth rings. pronounced grain pattern.
rift slicing; quartering a log and cutting at a 15-degree angle to the growth rings. straight pattern, commonly used in oak to eliminate the appearance of markings perpendicular to the direction of the grain. |
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Term
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Definition
| individual veneers come from same piece of log called.... |
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Term
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Definition
| half lap; finger joint, scarf, rabbet, dado, dovetail dado, miter, shoulder miter, splintered miter |
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Term
| four basic categories of door and drawer front construction |
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Definition
flush, flush overaly, reveal overlay, lipped overlay
flush construction; face of the drawer or door is installed flush with the face frame. may sag; non-uniform space and binding
lipped overlay; part of the door or drawer overlaps the frame and covers the joint between the two pieces. often referred to as european cabinets.
reveal overlay; edges of adjacent drawer and door fronts are separated enough to reveal the face frame behind. more traditional. less expensive than flush; minor misalignments aren't as noticeable as well as sagging. |
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Term
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Definition
| allows the cabinet intstaller to fit the cabinet or countertop edge precisely against a wall that may not be perfectly straight. |
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Term
| methods of matching adjacent pieces of veneer and veneer panels |
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Definition
| matching between adjacent veneer leaves, matching veneers within a panel, and matching panels within a room |
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Term
| matching adjacent veneer leaves |
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Definition
bookmatching: most common; veneers are sliced off the log, every other piece is turned over so that adjacent leaves form a symmetrical grain pattern.
slip matching: consecutive pieces are placed side by side with the same face sides being exposed
random matching: places veneers in random sequence,and veneers from different flitches may be used. |
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Term
| if veneers are bookmatched, there are three ways of matching veneers within a panel. |
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Definition
running match; alternates bookmatched veneer pieces regardless of their width or how many must be used to complete a panel. any panel left over is used as teh starting piece for the next panel.
balance match; utilizes veneer pieces trimmed to equal widths in each panel.
center match; has an even number of veneer leaves of uniform width so that there is a veneer joint in the center of the panel. |
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Term
| three ways panels can be assembled within a room |
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Definition
warehouse match; least expensive; premanufactured panels nromally 4'w x 8 or 10' long are assembled from a single flitch that yields from six to twelve panels. field cut to fit around doors, windows, adn other obstructions resulting in some loss of grain continuity.
sequence match; uses panels of uniform width manufactured for a specific job and with the veneers arranged in sequence. if some panels must be trimmed to fit around doors or other obstructions, there is a moderate loss of grain continuity.
blueprint matching; most expensive; panels are manufactured to precisely fit the room and line up with every obstruction so grain continuity is not interrupted. veneers from the same flitch are matched over doors, cabinets, and other items covered with paneling. |
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Term
| high pressure plastic laminate |
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Definition
impgregnating several layers of kraft paper with phenolic resins and overlaying the paper with a patterned or colored sheet and a layer of melamine resin.
adhered to panel substrates such as plywood, or particleboard. |
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Term
| most common material used for adhering plam |
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Definition
| 45 pound density particleboard |
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Term
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Definition
medium density fiberboard; made by breaking down wood fibers into very fine fluff then mixing with glue and compressing it under high pressure.
smoother surface than particleboard; more expensive though and does not hold some types of screws as well. flawless paint finish; dimensionally stable so does not warp, cup, or crack. same fire-rating as plywood, but special fire-resistant mdf is available. |
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Term
| for most us guidelines the optimum moisture content of millwork for interior applications |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
transparent finishes such as penetrating oils, shellac, lacquer, adn varnish are easily applied and have a rich luster, but they have a short life and tend to darken with age.
polyurethane is durable, and won't darken with age, but costs more. |
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Term
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Definition
water based stains; yeild a uniform color but raise the grain.
solvent based stains; dry quickly, do not raise the grain, but are less uniform. |
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Term
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Definition
| generic term for homogenous, polymer-based surfacing materials. combination of a filler and a clear resin binder, either acrylic or polyester or a mixture of the two. |
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Term
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Definition
| defined in the UBC as wall and ceiling finish (including wainscoting, paneling, or other finish applied either structurally or for decoration, accoustical correction, surface insulation, or similar purposes). |
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Term
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Definition
| picture molds, chair rails, baseboards, and handrails. |
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Term
| code limits class of finish material based on |
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Definition
| occupancy, location in the building and whether the building is sprinklered or not. |
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Term
| most wood species without flame-retardant treatment |
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Definition
| have flame spread ratings less than 200. makes appropriate for rooms, enclosed spaces, and some corridors without any special consideration |
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Term
| model codes do not regulate the use of wood for freestanding furniture or cabinets and shelves attached to the building |
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Definition
| because they are considered fixed furniture |
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Term
| trim is not regulated under the UBC, IBC and sbc |
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Definition
| the BOCA national building code an dlife safety code define trim as a finish that does not exceed 10 percent of the total aggregate area of the ceiling and walls of the room which it is used. |
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Term
| when paneling is used on walls and ceilings |
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Definition
| the paneling must meet the max flame spread regulations of the code in force based on occupancy and use area. however, because teh codes generally do not regulate finishes less than 1/28" thick, veneer less than this thickness with any flame spread rating may be used if it is placed on fire-retardant treated material, such as particleboard. |
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Term
| purpose of a glazing bead |
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Definition
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Term
| what UL rated door should be used in a two-hour rated stair |
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Definition
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Term
| which of the following must have no less than a Class III (C) fire rating |
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Definition
bookshelves, wainscoting, built-in base cabinets, door and window trim
wainscoting |
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Term
| what is not required on a one hour fired rated door? |
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Definition
door closer, metal frame, ball bearing hinges, panic hardware
panic hardware |
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Term
| what is not required on a one hour fired rated door? |
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Definition
door closer, metal frame, ball bearing hinges, panic hardware
panic hardware |
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