Shared Flashcard Set

Details

NCIDQ
Furniture/Fixtures/Equipment
43
Art/Design
Professional
07/08/2007

Additional Art/Design Flashcards

 


 

Cards

Term
Fibers are clasified into the two following categories:
Definition
natural & synthetic
Term
natural are then divided into
Definition
cellulosic & protein
Term
celluosic
Definition
cotton, and linen, come from plants, while protein fibers such as wool are manufactured from animal sources
Term
wool
Definition
know for its resilience. important for drapery and upholstery due to smooth appearance. also has excelent elasticity and wears well. resistent to soiling and is self-extinguishing
Term
cotton
Definition
celluosic. inexpensive, good tensile strength, moderately good abrasion resistance.

poor: poor resilience and recovery, degrades under prolonged sun. burns readily and subject to mildew.
Term
linen
Definition
from flax plant
bast fiber, which means its derived from the stalk of a plant. lacks resilience and flexibility and is susceptible to abrasion. does not take printed dyes well.

most linen is tow linen: made of short staple fibers. these fibers are dimensionally stable and resistent to fading, making linen usable for draperies and wall coverings.
Term
silk
Definition
very strong; good resilience and flexibility. expensive and degrades in sun
Term
rayon
Definition
regenerated cellulosic fiber. low in cost, but is flammable and does not wear well. poor sunlight resistence
Term
nylon
Definition
exceptionally strong with high resilience and elasticity. resistent to many chemicals,water, and microorganisms. often combined with other synthetic or natural fibers to obtain superior advantages of both.
Term
acrylic
Definition
often used as replacement for wool because of its appearance. moderately good strength and resilience. very resistant to sun. but can be flammable.
Term
olefin
Definition
inexpensive and highly resistant to chemicals, mildew, and microorganisms. highly resilient and nonabsorbant. useful for carpet and backing, but its low resistance to sun, heat and flame make it undesirable for most upholstery.
Term
polyester
Definition
good resilience and elasticity, high reistance to solvents and other chemicals, good resistance to sun. tends to hold oily materials.
Term
durability
Definition
includes resistance to abrasion, fading, staining, and other mechanical abuses. resistance to abrasion is most important.
Term
dimensional stability
Definition
fabric's ability to retain its shape and fit over cushioniny without saggin, wrinkling, stretching, or tearing.
Term
fabric is attached to a cushion by:
Definition
buttoning: secures the fabric to the cushion with a lightly tensioned button and thread.

tufting: similar except the button is pulled tightly against the cushion, resulting in a deeply folded surface.

channeling: secures fabric to the cushion in parallel rows.
Term
common materials for cushioning
Definition
cotton batting, polyester batting, polyurethane foam, latex foam, rubberized fibers, and shredded fibers.
Term
untreated cellulosic plastic cushioning
Definition
presents a particularly high fire hazard. include the following: polyurethane, polystyrene, polyethylene, polypropylene, pvc, and abs, celluose acetate, epoxy, phenolic, urea, silicone, and foamed latex.
Term
in order of most resistant to cigarette ignition and small flame to the least
Definition
1. neoprene, and combustion modified polyurethane
2. polyester batting
3. smolder-resistant and flame-resistant polyurethane foam
4. smolder resistant and flame resistant cellulosic batting
5. mixed fiber batting
6. untreated polyurethane foam
7. cellulosic batting
8. latex foam
Term
welt
Definition
fabric-covered cord sewn into the seam of upholstery for ornamental purposes or to improve the durability of the covering.
Term
railroading
Definition
application of fabric to furniture so that there are no intermediate seam details. also used when vertical stripes on the fabric must run horizontally.
Term
railroading
Definition
application of fabric to furniture so that there are no intermediate seam details. also used when vertical stripes on the fabric must run horizontally.
Term
upholstery can be enhanced in two additional ways
Definition
chemical treatment

liners can be placed between fabric and cushion to provide a barrier that slows or inhibits the spread of heat and flame.
Term
three performance criteria for cushioning
Definition
1.density: mass per unit. the greater the density, the greater the support.

2. indentation load deflection (ILD) also the IFD. metal plate 8 inches in dia. is pushed against sample foam. number of pounds required to compress the foam down 1 inch is the ILD rating. higher ILD rating equals a firmer foam.

3. support ratio: ratio of the force required to compress a foam sample to 65 percent of its original thickness. the higher the support factor, the better the foam's ability to support weight.
Term
high support (firm seating)
Definition
2.25 to 4.0

moderate cushioning support ratio: 2.0-2.5


soft: below 2.0 (backs of chairs and booths).
Term
vertical ignition test: NFPA 701
Definition
defines test procedures used to assess propagation of flame beyond teh area exposed to an ignition source.

Test 1: assessing response of fabrics lighter than 21 oz./sq yd individually and in mulitlayer composites

Test 2: fabrics weighing more than 21 oz/sq yd, such as fabric blackout linings, awnings, tents, and similar architectural fabric structures and banners.

appropriate for testing materials exposed to air on both sides.

equivalent is UL214
Term
Cigarette ignition resistance test of furniture components: NFPA 260
Definition
tests the resistance of upholstered furniture components, separately to flame and cigarette ignition.

Also CALTB 133. tests individual components (fabrics and fillings
Term
cigarette ignition resistance test of furniture composites: NFPA 261
Definition
tests the resistance of a seat cushion mock-up (including foam, liner, and fabric), to a lighted cigarette

includes vertical and horizontal surfaces meeting at a 90 degree angle. cushion fails the test if it breaks into flames or if a char of more than 2 inches long develops.
Term
full seating test: Standard method of test for fire characteristics of upholstered furniture exposed to flaming ignition source. NFPA 266
Definition
evaluates teh effect of an open flame on an actual sample chair.

several measurements are made, including the heat and smoke realeased, total amount of heat and smoke, concentration of carbon oxides, and others. most important being teh rate of heat release.
Term
char
Definition
material remaining from incomplete combustion
Term
fire resistance
Definition
property of a material or assembly to withstand fire or give protection from it.
Term
flammable
Definition
capable of burning with a flame and subject to easy ignition and rapid flaming combustion
Term
flame resistance
Definition
ability to withstand flame impingement or give protection from it.
Term
flame retardant
Definition
adjective it should only be used as a modifier with defined compound terms such as flame-retardant treatment. should not be used as nouns unless its decribing a chemical used for that purpose
Term
smoldering
Definition
combustion without flame that may burn for a relatively long time while generating smoke, toxic gases, and heat
Term
abrasion resistacne
Definition
wyzenbeek: sample of fabric is rubbed back and forth witha cloth-covered or wire-screen-covered roller several thousand times in both directions.

taber test: involves mounting sample fabric on a platform and exposing it to the revolving action of two abrasive wheels.
Term
FadeOmeter
Definition
measures fading: exposes fabric to ultraviolet light at specifc humidity levels. tests the color loss at intervals of 20 hours. most exposure is an 80 hour rating.
Term
What fabric would have the best appearance for the longest time when used in theater seating
Definition
1. vinyl
2. wool/nylon blend
3. acrylic/acetate blend
4. cotton/rayon blend

4. cotton/rayon blend
Term
what type of cushioning would be best for a hospital waiting room?
Definition
1. high-density foam
2. cotton batting
3. combustion modified foam with a low ILD
4. low-density polyurethane

1. high density foam
Term
in what area of imporance should tables for a college library be selected
Definition
1. flammability, design, comfort
2. finish, flammability, then design
3. durability, cost, then design
4. quality, comfort, finish

3. durability, cost, then design
Term
what performance tests should be specified for a custom-blended fabric to be used in a rec center reception area?
Definition
1. flammability and fade-ometer
2. wyezenbeek and fading
3. taber and wyzenbeek
4. indentation load deflection and taber

2. wyzenbeek and fading
Term
how can you change a drapery treatment to minimize its hazard during a fire?
Definition
1. shorten the length of the fabric
2. use an open-weave fabric
3. increase the amount of fabric
4. use a composite fabric

1. shorten the length of the fabric.
Term
NFPA 701 relates to which of the following items?
Definition
1. wallcoverings
2. fabrics
3. draperies
4. floor coverings

3, draperies
Term
what does fire-retardant treated fabric mean?
Definition
1. it resists ignition
2. it will not burn
3. it contributes to smoke inhibition
4. it has a lower flame spread

2. it will not burn
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