Term
| What are other requirements besides codes that may affect the design & construction of a building? |
|
Definition
| legal & administrative regulations at the federal, state & local levels |
|
|
Term
| What areas might state governments enforce regulations? |
|
Definition
| energy codes, environmental regulations, fabric flammability standards, & specific rules relating to state government buildings, institutions, & other facilities. |
|
|
Term
| What are areas federal agencies might regulate? |
|
Definition
| a construction project like a military or federal prison or regulate a specific part of construction. |
|
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Term
| Who is the safety glazing requirement issued by? |
|
Definition
| the Consumer Product Safety Commmision |
|
|
Term
| what is the most notable national federal-law for interior designers? |
|
Definition
| American with Disabilities Act -regulates for exampe, the removal of barriers for the physically disabled |
|
|
Term
| What are ADA requirements based on? |
|
Definition
| the American National Standard Institutes (ANSI) ICC/ANSI A117.1 Accessible & Usable Buildings & Facilities |
|
|
Term
| is the ADA considered a code? |
|
Definition
| No it is not a code or a standard but a piece of civil rights legislation |
|
|
Term
| what do amendments to model building code made by local codes usually pertain to? |
|
Definition
| specific concerns or needs of a geographical region, or ar provisions designed to alleviate local problems that aren't addressed in the model codes |
|
|
Term
| What might local regulations also include? |
|
Definition
| requirements of agencies that govern hospitals, nursing homes, restaurants, schools, & similar institutions, as well as rules of local fire departments |
|
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Term
|
Definition
| one that has been written by a group comprised of experts knowledgeable in the field, without reference to any particular geographical area |
|
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Term
| what does adopting a model code allow a city, county, or district to have? |
|
Definition
| a complete, workable building code without the difficulty & expense of writing its own |
|
|
Term
| when a city or state writes its own code, what is it usually based on? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| where are there exceptions to cities/states having codes based off of model codes? |
|
Definition
| larter cities like NYC or Chicago & a few states that have adopted the Life Safety Code, published by the NFPA |
|
|
Term
| What is the primary mode code? |
|
Definition
| the International Building Code produced by the International Code Council |
|
|
Term
| What does the IBC combine? |
|
Definition
| provisions of all three of the previous model codes (published in the US) & is organized in the same format that the 3 code-writing groups used in the most recent editions of their codes |
|
|
Term
| What is the intent of the IBC? |
|
Definition
| to bring unimormity to code practices across the country & in other countries, & eventually to replace the other 3 model codes |
|
|
Term
| What are the 3 model codes previously used throughout the US & still used by some jurisdictions: |
|
Definition
| 1)The Uniform Building Code 2)The BOCA National Building Code 3)the Standard Building Code |
|
|
Term
| what is used in addition to a building code to govern other aspects of construction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Example of companion codes (also published by the International Code Council): |
|
Definition
| International Residential Code, INternational Fire Code, the International Mechanical Code, the International Plumbing Code, & the International Zoning Code |
|
|
Term
| What is the electric code used by all jurisdictions & who is it published by? |
|
Definition
| it is the National Electric Code published by the NFPA |
|
|
Term
| What do model codes also make extensive use of? |
|
Definition
| industry standards that are developed by trade associations; government agencies; standards-writing organizations; & standards-approroving groups |
|
|
Term
| Examples of trade associations, standards-writing orgs, & standards approving grps: |
|
Definition
| Gypsum Association (Trade Association), American Society for Testing & Materials - NFPA(Standards-writing orgs), American National Standards Institute (standards approving groups) |
|
|
Term
| What does "ICC/ANSI A117.1-1998, Accessible & Usable Buildings & Facilities" indicate? |
|
Definition
| it was developed by the International Code Council based on previous ANSI accessibility standards & is approved by ANSI. Number designates code nunber. Then, date of latest revision |
|
|
Term
| In the U.S. who is given authority for adopting & enforcing building codes? |
|
Definition
| one of the police powers given to the states by the 10th amendment to US Constitution |
|
|
Term
| What can each state do with its authority to enforce/adopt building codes? |
|
Definition
| May retain powers or delegate some to lower evels of gov such as counties or cities |
|
|
Term
| HOw are building codes enforced before construction? |
|
Definition
| through the permit process, which requires builders submit plans & specifications for checking & conduct inspections to verify that building is proceeding according to the approved plans |
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|
Term
| WHo is ultimately responsible for making sure that the design meets all applicable codes & regulations? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are all approved materials & construction assemblies referred to in building codes regulated? |
|
Definition
| they are required to be manufactured according to accepted methods or tested by approved agencies according to standardized testing procedures, o both |
|
|
Term
| Do standards have legal standing? |
|
Definition
| No , nt by themselves. Only when they are referred to in a building code & that code is adopted by a governmental jurisdiction do standards become law |
|
|
Term
| American Society for Testing & Materials: |
|
Definition
| One org that publishes thousands of test procedures that describe in detail, such things as how the test apparatus must be set up, how materials must be prepared for the test, the length of the test, & other requirements |
|
|
Term
| How will a product manufacturer indicate that one of its materials was successfully tested? |
|
Definition
| it will indicate what tests the material has passed it its prodcut literature |
|
|
Term
| Does the ASTM actually perform tests? |
|
Definition
| No, but its procedures & standards are used by testing agencies |
|
|
Term
| National Fire Protection Association: |
|
Definition
| private, voluntary org that develops standards related to the causes & prevention of destructive fires. publishes 100s of codes & standards in multivolume set. |
|
|
Term
| What does the NFPA's mutivolume of codes cover? |
|
Definition
| entire scope of fire prevention, including sprinkler systems, fire extinguishers, hazardous material, fire fighting, & more |
|
|
Term
| WHat are other standards writing orgs typically? |
|
Definition
| industry trade groups that have an interest in a particular material, product, or field of expertise. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Air Conditioning Engineers (ASHRAE), Illuminating Engineering Society (IES), The gypsum Association (GA), and the Tile Council of America |
|
|
Term
| American National Standards Institute (ANSI): |
|
Definition
| Doesn't devlop or write standards. Instead, it approves standards developed by other orgs & works to avoid dublication between different standards |
|
|
Term
| Who performs tests when a standard describes a test procedure or requires one or more tests in its description of a material or product? |
|
Definition
| A testing lab - A Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory |
|
|
Term
| Nationally Recognized Testing Laboratory: |
|
Definition
| An independent laboratory recognized by the Occupational Safety & Health Administration to test products to the specifications of applicable product safety standards |
|
|
Term
| What is one of the most well known testing labs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When will a product be given a UL label: |
|
Definition
| product must successfully pass the prescribed test |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Received when a complete & total product is successfully tested. Means that the product passed the safety test & is manufactured under the UL follow-up services program |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Means that samples of the product were tested for certain types of uses only. Product must also carry a statement specifying conditions were tested for |
|
|
Term
| What will a classified lable allow field inspectors & others |
|
Definition
| to determine if the product is being used correctly |
|
|
Term
| What is one of the most common uses of UL testing procedures? |
|
Definition
| for doors & other opening protections |
|
|
Term
| Where are the results of UL tests & products that are listed published? |
|
Definition
| in the UL's Buiding Materials Dictionary |
|
|
Term
| What are some properties that tests and standards examine? |
|
Definition
| fire resistance, structural integrity, durability, stain resistance |
|
|
Term
| What do building codes indicate? |
|
Definition
| what tests or standards a particular type of material must satisfy in order to be considered acceptable for a particular use |
|
|
Term
| What are the most important types of tests for interior design components? |
|
Definition
| those that rate the ability of a construction assembly to prevent the passage of fire & smoke from one space to another, & those that rate the degree of flammability of a finish material |
|
|
Term
| What is one of the most commonly used tests for fire resistance of construction assemblies? |
|
Definition
| ASTM E119, Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction & Materials |
|
|
Term
| What is one of the most commonly used tests for fire resistance of construction assemblies? |
|
Definition
| ASTM E119, Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction & Materials |
|
|
Term
| ASTM E119, Standard Test Methods for Fire Tests of Building Construction & Materials |
|
Definition
| Involves building a smaple of the wall or floor/ceiling assembly in the lab & setting a standard fire on one side of it. Monitoring devices measure temperature & other aspects of tst as it proceeds |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 parts of the ASTM E119 test? |
|
Definition
| 1)Measures heat transfer through the assembly 2)Hose stream test |
|
|
Term
| What is the goal when measuring heat transfer through the assembly? |
|
Definition
| to determine the temperature at which the surface of adjacent material on the side of the assembly not exposed to the heat source will combust |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| uses a high pressure hose stream to stimulate how well the assembly stands up to an impact from falling debris & the cooling & eroding effects of water |
|
|
Term
| Overal what does the ASTM E119 test evaluate? |
|
Definition
| an assembly's ability to prevent the passage of fire, heat, & hot gases for a given amount of time |
|
|
Term
| What are construction assemblies testing according to ASTM E119 given? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What exacting is the time based rating given to assemblies by the ASTM E119? |
|
Definition
| amount of time an assembly can resist a standard test fire without failing |
|
|
Term
| What are the different time ratings that an assembly can be given by the ASTM E119? |
|
Definition
| 1 hour, 2 hours, 3 hours, & 4 hours. Doors & other opening assemblies can be given 20 min, 30 min, & 45 min |
|
|
Term
| NFPA 252, Standard Methods for Fire Tests of Door Assemblies: |
|
Definition
| Evaluates the ability of a door aseembly to resist the passage of flame, heat, and gases |
|
|
Term
| What does the NFPA 252 establish? |
|
Definition
| a time-endurance rating for the door assembly, & the hose stream part of the test determines if the door will stay wi/ its frame when subjected to a standard blast from a fire hose after the door has been subjected to the fire endurance part of the test |
|
|
Term
| NFPA 257, Standard for Fire Test for Window & Glass Block Assemblies: |
|
Definition
| prescribes specific fire & hose stream test procedures to establish a degree of fire protection, in units of time, for window openings in fire resistive walls |
|
|
Term
| What does the NFPA 257 determine? |
|
Definition
| the degree of protection from the spread of fire, including flame, heat, & hot gases |
|
|
Term
| What 3 things do Flammability tests for finish materials determine? |
|
Definition
| 1) whether a material is flammable, & if so, if it simply burns w/ applied heat or if it supports combustion (adds fuel to fire) 2) The degree of flammability (how fast fire spreads across material) 3)HOw much smoke & toxic gas the material produces when ignited |
|
|
Term
| ASTM E84, Standard Test Method for Surface Burning Characteristics of Building Materials: |
|
Definition
| One of the most common fire standards. AKA Steiner Tunnel Test & rates the surface burning characteristics of interior finishes & other building materials by testing, in a narrow test chamber, a sample piece w/ a controlled flame @ one end |
|
|
Term
| What is the primary result of the ASTM E84? |
|
Definition
| a materials' flame-spread rating compared to glass-reinforced cement board (with a rating of 0) & red oak flooring (w/an arbitrary rating of 100) |
|
|
Term
| What can the ASTM E84 also be used to generate? |
|
Definition
| a smoke developed index - a # representing the amount of smoke generated as a material burns in test chamber |
|
|
Term
| How are materials classified under the ASTM E84 test? |
|
Definition
| into one of three groups, based on their tested flame spread characteristics |
|
|
Term
| Class A (aka roman numeral I) (ASTM E84): |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How do building codes use results of ASTM E84? |
|
Definition
| they specify the minimum flame-spread requirements for various occupancies in specific areas of the building |
|
|
Term
| ASTM E662, Standard Test Method for Specific Optical Density of Smoke Generated by Solid Materials: |
|
Definition
| Measures amount of smoke given off by a flaming or smoldering material or finish |
|
|
Term
| How is a material tested with ASTM E662? |
|
Definition
| Tested when it first smolders & then when a flame source is added. A smoke density value from 0-88 is developed |
|
|
Term
| What smoke density rating do most codes require? |
|
Definition
| 450 or less for finish materials |
|
|
Term
| ASTM E648 Flooring Radiant Panel Test: |
|
Definition
| tests a sample of carpet in normal horizontal position & measures the flame spread in a corridor or exitway that is under the influence of a fully developed fire in an adjacent space |
|
|
Term
| How are the resulting test numbers measured for the ASTM E648? |
|
Definition
| in watts per square centimeter; the higher the number, the more resistnat the material is to flame propogation |
|
|
Term
| what is ASTM E648 the same test as? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 material classes defined by the flooring radiant panel test? |
|
Definition
| Class I-materials have a critical radiant flux of not less than .45 W/cm (squared) and class II-materials have a critical radiant flux of not less than .22 W/cm (squared) |
|
|
Term
| WHere are class I finishes typically required (Flooring radient panel test): |
|
Definition
| corridors & exitways of hospitals, nursing homes & detention facilities |
|
|
Term
| Where are class II finishes typically required (flooring radiant panel test): |
|
Definition
| in corridors & exitways of other occupancies, except 1 & 2 family dwellings |
|
|
Term
| Where does the IBC specifically exclude the critical raiant flux of flooring material testing? |
|
Definition
| traditional flooring types such as wood, vinyl, linoleum, & terrazzo |
|
|
Term
| Where does the IBC allow Class II materials used where otherwise Class I would be required? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| ASTM D2859, Standard Test Method for Ignition Characteristics of Finished Textile Floor Covering Materials: |
|
Definition
| Another carpet flammability test. AKA Methenamine pill test which is required for all carpet sold & manufactured in the US. |
|
|
Term
| How is carpet tested with ASTM D2859? |
|
Definition
| A test sample of the carpet is placed in a draft protected cube & held in place w/ a metal plate w/ an 8" dia hole. A timed methenamine pill is placed in the center & lighted |
|
|
Term
| How can carpet fail the ASTM D2859 test? |
|
Definition
| If the sample burns to within 1" of the metal plate |
|
|
Term
| Older designation for ASTM D2859: |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| NFPA 265 , Room Corner Test: |
|
Definition
| determines the contribution of interior wall & ceiling coverings to room fire growth |
|
|
Term
| When is NFPA 265 sometimes required? |
|
Definition
| In additon to or instead of ASTM E84 rating for interior finishes |
|
|
Term
| What does NFPA 265 attempt to simulate? |
|
Definition
| real-world conditions by testing the material in the corner of a full-sized test room |
|
|
Term
| How is the NFPA 265 test conducted? |
|
Definition
| the textile wall covering is applied to 3 sides of an 8' x 12' x 8' high room. an ignition source is placed in the room & provides a heat output of 40 kW for 5 minutes & then 150 kW for 10 minutes |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 things the NFPA 265 rating is based on? |
|
Definition
| 1) the flame doesn't spread to the ceiling during the 40 kW exposure & 2) other conditions are met during the 150 kW exposure, including no flashover & no spread of the flame to the outer extermity of the 8' x 12' wall *ratings are either pass or fail |
|
|
Term
| NFPA 286 , Standard Methods of Fire Test for Evaluation Contribution of Wall & Ceiling Interior Finish to Room Fire Growth: |
|
Definition
| Developed to address concerns w/ interior finishes that don't remain in place during testing according to the E84 Tunnel test |
|
|
Term
| What does the NFPA test measure? |
|
Definition
| Materials other than textiles |
|
|
Term
| How are materials tested with the NFPA 286 test? |
|
Definition
| materials are mounted on walls or ceiling inside a room , but more of the test room wall surfaces are covered, & ceiling materials can be tested |
|
|
Term
| What does the NFPA 286 evaluate? |
|
Definition
| The extent to which finishes contribute to fire growth in a room, assessing factors such as heat & smoke released, combustion products released, & the potential for fire spread beyond the room |
|
|
Term
| What does the NFPA 701, Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flame Propagation of Textiles & Films: |
|
Definition
| establishes 2 procedures for testing the flammability of drapers, curtains, or other window treatments. |
|
|
Term
| What does test 1 of NFPA 701 provide a procedure for? |
|
Definition
| assessing the response of fabrics lighter than 21 oz/yd (squared) individually & in multilayer composites used as curtains, draperies, & other window treatments |
|
|
Term
| What does test 2 of NFPA 701 provide a procedure for? |
|
Definition
| Tests fabrics weighing more than 21 oz/yd(squared), such as fabric blackout linings, awnings, & similar architectural structures & banners |
|
|
Term
| What is NFPA 701 appropriate for testing? |
|
Definition
| materials that are exposed to air on both sides |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 broad classifications of fire resistance that building codes specify requirements for? |
|
Definition
| resistance of materials & assemblies, & surface burning characteristics of finish materials |
|
|
Term
| what is the fire resistance that a material or construction assembly must have specified in terms of? |
|
Definition
| an hourly rating as determined by ASTM E119 for walls, ceiling/floor assemblies, columns, beam enclosures, & similar building elements |
|
|
Term
| Where do codes specify what time ratings doors & glazing must have? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are fire resistance requirements for exit-access corridors? |
|
Definition
| have @ least 1 hr rating, & door assemblies in such a cooridor may be required to have a 20 minute rating |
|
|
Term
| What are the assemblies desginers are most often concerned with for fire resistance? |
|
Definition
| permanent partitions, doors, glazed openings, & portions of floor/ceiling constructions |
|
|
Term
| Occasionally if a project involves build-out of 2 or more floors, what other area must be detailed to meet applicable fire resistive requirements? |
|
Definition
| Shaft enclosures, such as stairways |
|
|
Term
| Why are the fire resistive ratings of existing building components important? |
|
Definition
| in determining the construction type of the building |
|
|
Term
| What makes materials part of a fire-rated barrier? |
|
Definition
| materials by themselvese don't create a fire-rated barrier. It is the construction assembly of which they are part that is fire resistant |
|
|
Term
| What is one of the most common types of construction assemblies the interior designer details? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the new IBC make important distinctions between? |
|
Definition
| Various types of fire resistance rated walls & partitions |
|
|
Term
| What are different types of fire-resistance-rated walls/partitions? |
|
Definition
| fire partitions, fire barriers, fire walls, & smoke barriers |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| one of the most common fire-resistance-rated partitions. A wall assembly with a fire-resistance rating of 1 hr |
|
|
Term
| Where are the designated locations where a fire partition would be used? |
|
Definition
| walls separating dwelling units such as rooms in apartments, dorms, & assisted living facilities. Walls separating guest rooms in Group R-1 occupancies such as hotels, as well as R-2 & I-1 occupancies. Walls separating tenant spaces in covered mall buildings. Corridor walls |
|
|
Term
| What are the 2 exceptions for required fire partition use? |
|
Definition
| 1) Corridor walls permitted to be nonrated & 2) dwelling & guest room separations in Type IIB, IIIB, & VB buildings equipped w/automatic sprinkler systems. Separation walls may be 1/2 hr rated |
|
|
Term
| What does it mean that fire partitions must provide a continuous barrier? |
|
Definition
| they must extend from the floor to the underside of the floor or roof slab avobe or to ceiling of a fire-resistant-rated floor/ceiling or roof/ceiling assembly |
|
|
Term
| What rating must openings in fire partitions be a minimum of? |
|
Definition
| 3/4 hr except for corridors which must be protected by 20 minute fire protection assemblies |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| a vertical or horizontal assembly that is fire-resistance rated & is designed to restrict the spread of fire, confine fire to limited areas, &/or afford safe passage for protected egress. It offers more protection than a fire partition |
|
|
Term
| Fire barriers are used for the following purposes: |
|
Definition
| To enclose vertical exit enclosures (stairways), exit pasageways, horizontal exits, & incidental use areas. To separate different occupancies ina mixed-occupancy situation. To separate single occupancies into different fire areas. To otherwise provide a fire barrier where specifically required by code provisions in the IBC as well as other international codes |
|
|
Term
| How are fire barriers unlike fire partitions? |
|
Definition
| must always be continuous from the floor slab to underside of floor or roof slab above. Must also be required to have a fire-resistance rating greater than 1 hour |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| continuous vertical or horizontal membrane with a minimum fire-resistance rating of 1 hr, designed & constructed to restrict movement of smoke. A passive form of smoke control |
|
|
Term
| What is minimum rating of openings in smoke barriers? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHat are single layers of finish materials rated according to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How are single layers of finish materials use restricted? |
|
Definition
| to certain areas of buildings based on their ratings & whether or not the building is sprinklered |
|
|
Term
| What's the purpose of regulating single layers of finish materials ? |
|
Definition
| to control the flame-spread rate along the surface of a material & to limit amount of combustible material in a building |
|
|
Term
| What do the materials tested & rated according to surface burning characteristics include? |
|
Definition
| finishes such as wainscotting, paneling, heavy wall covering, or finishes applied structurally or for decoration, acoustical correction, surface insulation, or similar purposes |
|
|
Term
| What materials do ASTM 84 restrictions mostly not apply to? |
|
Definition
| trim such as chair rails, baseboards, & handrails; or to doors, windows, or their frames; or to materials that are less than 1/28" thick cemented to the surface of noncombustible walls or ceilings |
|
|
Term
| What 3 areas did the UBC set finish refirements for in buildings? |
|
Definition
| 1)most restrictive - enclosed vertical exitways 2) next restrictive - other exitways 3) least restrictive - rooms or other areas |
|
|
Term
| If textile wall covers are used what 3 conditions must they comply with? |
|
Definition
| 1)Must be rated as Class A according to ASTM E84 & be protected by an automatic sprinkler system 2) must meet requirements the Method B test protocol of NFPA 265 3)they must meet the requirements of NFPA 286 |
|
|
Term
| What requirements textile finishes meet for ceilings? |
|
Definition
| Requirements of either ASTM E84 with sprinklers or NFPA 286 |
|
|
Term
| What floor coverings does the IBC now regulate ratings of? |
|
Definition
| textile coverings or coverings comprised of fibers-carpets. Excludes types such as wood, vinyl, linoleum, and terrazzo |
|
|
Term
| What does he IBC require textile or fiber floor coverings to be? |
|
Definition
| One of two classes as defined by NFPA 253, Flooring Radiant Panel Test |
|
|
Term
| What are additional requirements the IBC has recently added: |
|
Definition
| 1st limits the area & height of the accessory occupancy to values in Table 503. 2nd requirement clarifies that accessory occupancy is to be classified individually on the basis of its use rather than given the occupancy classifications of the building's major use |
|
|
Term
| What do architects & designers use Table 503 of the IBC for? |
|
Definition
| to determine the maximum size & height of a building based on its occupancy & construction type |
|
|
Term
| What must be flame resistant & pass the NFPA 701 test or must be noncombustible? |
|
Definition
| curtains, draperies, hangings, & other decorative materials suspended from walls or ceilings in occupanices of Groups A, E, I, and R-1 & in Group R-2 dormitories |
|
|
Term
| What are requirements in Group I-1 & Group I-2 occupancies for combustible decoration? |
|
Definition
| must be flame retardant unless quantities are so limited as to present no hazard |
|
|
Term
| Limitations of noncombustible decorative materials: |
|
Definition
| Amount is not limited, but amount of flame -resistant materials is limited to 10% of the aggregate area of walls & ceilings, except in Group A occupancies, where it is limited to 50% if buiding is fully sprinklered |
|
|
Term
| Requirements for material used as interior trim: |
|
Definition
| Must have a minimum Class C flame-spread index & smoke-developed index |
|
|
Term
| Limits for Combustible trim (such as wood trim): |
|
Definition
| Excludes handrails & guardrails, can't exceed 10% of aggregate wall or ceiling area in which it is located |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| type of use assigned to building or interior space such as an office, restaurant, private residence, or school |
|
|
Term
| What are buildings & spaces that are grouped by occupancy classifications based on? |
|
Definition
| similar life safety characteristics, the presence of fire hazards, & combustible components |
|
|
Term
| Example of how some building uses are more hazardous than others: |
|
Definition
| building whre flammable liquids are present is more dangerous than single family residence |
|
|
Term
| In order to achieve equivalent safety in building design, how does each occupancy group vary? |
|
Definition
| by fire protection requirements, area & height limitations, type of construction restrictions, and means of egress elements |
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Term
|
Definition
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|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Example of how some occupancy groups are distinguished by subgroups that define the relative hazard of the occupancy: |
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Definition
| In assembly group, A-1 occupancy includes assembly places usually with fixed seats, used to view performing arts or motion pictures, while A-2 includes places designed for food and/or drink consumption |
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Term
| Why is knowing occupancy classification important? |
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Definition
| in determining other building requirements, many which relate to architectural design of a building, such as max area, # of floors allowed, & how building is separated from other structures |
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Term
| For interior design specifically, what do coccupancy classifications affect? |
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Definition
| calculation of occupant load, egress of design, interior finish requirements, use of fire partitions & fire barriers, fire deterction/suppression systems, ventilation/sanitation requirements, other special restrictions particular to give classification |
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Term
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Definition
| when a building or area of building contains 2 or more occupancies |
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Term
| How must each occupancy be separated from each other occupancies in mixed occupancy? |
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Definition
| With a fire barrier of the hourly rating as defined by the particular code that applies |
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Term
| How does the IBC show required occupancy separations? |
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Definition
| with a matrix table with hourly separations ranging from 1 hr-4hrs |
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Term
| What are the hourly ratings when a building is equipped with an automated sprinkler system? |
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Definition
| required hourly ratings generally reduced by 1 hr |
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Term
| What are the 2 variations of the concept of mixed occupancies in the IBC? |
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Definition
| Accessory occupancies & incidental use areas |
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Term
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Definition
| Space or room that is used in conjunction with the main occupancy but doesn't exceed 10% of the floor area of the main occupancy |
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Term
| Requirements of fire barrier usage for accessory occupancies? |
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Definition
| Do not need to be separated from main occupancy w/ a fire barrier |
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Term
| Example of accessory occupancy: |
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Definition
| small gift shop in a hospital. NOt require the 2 hr occupancy separation normally required between an M occupancy and an I-2 occupancy |
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Term
| What are the exceptions to fire barriers not required in Accessory occupancies? |
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Definition
| Group H occupancies or incidental use areas |
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Term
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Definition
| area that is incidental to main occupancy & has same classification as the nearest main occupancy but, by code must be separated from the main occupancy by a fire barrier |
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Term
| How must incidential use areas be separated when the IBC table allows a sprinkler system to substitute for a fire barrier? |
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Definition
| the incidental use area must be separated by a smoke barrier & the sprinklers only have to be in incidental use area |
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Term
| Door requirements into incidental use areas: |
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Definition
| must be self closing or automatic-closing |
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Term
| What is every building classified into? |
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Definition
| one of five major types of construction (I, II,II,IV,V)based on the fire resistance of certain building components |
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Term
| what are some building components that affect how a building is classified? |
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Definition
| structural frame, interior & exterior bearing walls, & floor & roof construction |
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Term
| What is the most fire resistive building classification? |
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Definition
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Term
| Requirements for a Type 1 structural frame: |
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Definition
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Term
| Combustibility of building classifications? |
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Definition
| Type I & II are noncombustible. Types II,IV,V are combustible |
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Term
| In building classifications what does an A or B suffic indicate? |
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Definition
| whether the construction is fire protected or not |
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Term
| What is the purpose of designing buildings to certain classifications? |
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Definition
| to protect the structural elements from fire & collapse & to prevent fire from spreading from one building to another |
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Term
| What do building types limit in combination with occupancy groups? |
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Definition
| The area & height of buildings |
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Term
| Type I building of any occupancy (except certain hazardous occupancies) height/area limitations: |
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Definition
| can be of unlimited area & height |
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Term
| Type V building ht & area limitations: |
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Definition
| limited to only a few thousand sq ft in area & one or two stories in height, depending on occupancy |
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Term
| What does limiting ht & area based on construction type & occupancy recognize? |
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Definition
| that it becomes more difficult to fight fires, provide time for egress, & rescue people as buildings get larger & higher. Also recognizes that type & amount of combustibles existing due to buildin's use & construction affect buildings safety |
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Term
| How can the construction type of a project be determined? |
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Definition
| Ask the local building official, or check w/ architect if building is currently being designed or recently been constructed |
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Term
| When is it most important for designers to know construction type? |
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Definition
| if major changes are being made. Example: if occupancy of building/portion is being changed from B to A occupancy, designer must know construction type to verify that maximum area is not exceeded |
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Term
| What happens if the maximum area of a building is being exceeded when major changes are being made? |
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Definition
| May be necessary to construct a firewall or add sprinklers |
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Term
| What can construction type also affect? |
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Definition
| fire ratings of coverings of structural elements, floor/ceiling assemblies, & openings in rated walls |
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Term
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Definition
| any alarm or fire-extinguishing device or system that is designed & installed to detect, control, or extinguish a fire, or to alert the occupants or the fire department that a fire has occurred, or any combo of these |
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Term
| Most fire protection systems are designed to be automatic. What does this mean? |
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Definition
| they provide an emergency fuction without human intervention. |
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Term
| 3 ways automatic fire protection systems are activated by the dection of: |
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Definition
| 1)smoke/other products of combustion 2) A rise in temperature to a predetermined level 3) rate of rise of temperature to predetermined rate of change |
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Term
| What mignt a complete fire protection system include for large /complex buildings? |
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Definition
| smoke & heat detectors, sprinklers, alternate fire extinguishing systems (halon , for example), portable fire extinguishers, standpipes, smoke control systems, & smoke & heat vents |
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Term
| What is the most common type of suppression systems? |
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Definition
| sprinklers. They are required in nearly all new high-rise buildings & hotels |
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Term
| An example of a code trade off for using sprinklers: |
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Definition
| In nonsprinklered building of A,B, E,F,M,S, or U occupancy, corridors must have 1-hr rating. In sprinklered building of same occupancy , corridors need not be rated |
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Term
| whose responsibility is the design & layout of sprinkler system? |
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Definition
| mechanical engineer or fire protection contractor |
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Term
| what should designers be aware of about sprinklers? |
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Definition
| Their requirements, most notably the spacing of sprinkler heads & types of heads available |
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Term
| Who develops standards for sprinkler systems? |
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Definition
| NFPA: NFPA13 for commerical buildings & NFPA13R for residential construction |
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Term
| What other requirements do the IBC & other model building codes regulate: |
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Definition
| Many other aspects of construction, including use & structural design of individual materials, excavations, demolition, & elevators |
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Term
| What 2 basic issues do code requirements for interior glazing focus on |
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Definition
| glazing use in hazardous locations, & glazing use in fire-rate assemblies such as partitions & doors |
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Term
| When glass is installed in hazardous locations (subject to human impact) , what type of glass must be used? |
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Definition
| safety glazing: tempered or laminated |
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Term
| Fire-protection- rated glazing: |
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Definition
| 1/4" thick wired glasss in steel frames, or other types of glazing that meet requirements of NFPA 252, Standard methods of fire tests or door assemblies, or NFPA 257, Standard for Fire Test for Window & Glass BLock Assemblies |
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Term
| What rating must fire protection-rated glazing have? |
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Definition
| 45 minute rating & limited to 1 hr rated fire partitions or fire barriers when the fire barrier is used to separate occupancies or to separate incidental use areas |
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Term
| what is the amount of fire-protection-rated glazing limited to? |
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Definition
| 25% of the area of the common wall within any room using the glazing. Individual lights of this glazing can't exceepd 9 ft(squared) & other dimensions can't be more than 54" |
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Term
| What does the limit for the amount of fire protection rated glazing apply to? |
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Definition
| partitions separating 2 rooms as well as to a partition separating a room & a corridor |
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Term
| Testing of fire protection rated glazing: |
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Definition
| 1/4" wired glass is accepted as meeting requirements, but other glazing must meet the NFPA 252 or 257 test requiremetns for a 45 minute rating |
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Term
| When is wired glass allowed to be used in hazardous locations? |
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Definition
| only if it meets the requiremetns of 16 CRF 1201 |
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Term
| Fire-resistance-rated glazing: |
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Definition
| glass or other glazing material that has been tested as part of a fire-resistance-rated wall assembly according to ASTM E119 |
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Term
| What must fire resistance-rated glazing have? |
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Definition
| fire-resistive ratings up to 2 hours |
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Term
| where can fire-resistance-rated glazing be used? |
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Definition
| in partitions that must have a rating higher than 1 hr, although the glazing must have the same rating as the partition in which it is used |
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Term
| Are there any area limitations for fire-resistance-rated glazing? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| component whose function is to prevent falls from an elevated area |
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Term
| Where are guards required? |
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Definition
| along open-sided walking surfaces, mezzanines, industrial equipment platforms, stairways, ramps, & landings that are more than 30" above the floor below |
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Term
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Definition
| must be a minimum of 42" high & designed such that a sphere w/a 4" diameter can't pass through any opening up to a height of 34". Must be designed to resist load of 50lb applied in any direction at top of guard |
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Term
| The International Mechanical Code, companion to IBC,: |
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Definition
| Details requirements for materials & design of systems for heating, ventilationg, & air conditioning systems |
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Term
| When might mechanical systems affect the interior designer? |
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Definition
| where mechanical elements, such as supply-air diffusers & return-air grilles, are visible in a finished space |
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Term
| Whose responsibility is it to satisfy plubming system requirements? |
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Definition
| in most cases, the mechanical engineer & architect. In some cases, designer may be involved w/ remodeling toilet rooms in commercial buildings |
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Term
| What is important plumbing system knowledge for an interior designer to know? |
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Definition
| how many fixtures are required when preliminary design layouts are being developed. |
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Term
| What gives the minimum number of toilets, lavatories, drinking fountains, & other fixtures required in a building? |
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Definition
| The International Plumbing Code |
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Term
| What code is referenced for electrical systems? |
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Definition
| the National Electrical code, published by the NFPA |
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Term
| National Electrical Code: |
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Definition
| details requirements for materials & design of the power supply & lighting systems of buildings |
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Term
| where might electrical codes affect a designer? |
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Definition
| where electrical elements, such as outlets, are visible in the finished space. NEC specifies the maximum spacing for outlets & requirements for GFCIs. |
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Term
| What does the IBC require concerning Sound Ratings: |
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Definition
| that wall & floor/ceiling assemblies in residential occupancies separating dwelling units or guest rooms from each other & from public spaces be designed & constructed to provide for sound transmission control |
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Term
| What does code specify as the minimum sound transmission class? |
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Definition
| 50 (45 if field tested) for walls |
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Term
| What does the sound transmission class requirement not apply to? |
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Definition
| dwelling-unit entrance doors, but these doors must be tight-fitting to frame & sill |
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Term
| minimum impact insulation class for floors: |
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Definition
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