Term
| 4 Basic types of wood flooring: |
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Definition
| 1)strip 2)plank 3)Block 4)End grain blocks |
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Term
|
Definition
| Most common type of wood flooring. Consists of thin strips 3/8"-25/32"thick of varying lengths w/tongue & groove edges. Most 2 1/4"w, 1 1/2"also available |
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Term
|
Definition
| Same thickness as strip flooring. 3 1/4"-8"w. Used where larger scale desired or emulate wider, historic planking |
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Term
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Definition
| Preassembled wood flooring. in 3 basic configurations: Unit block, laminated block, parquet - all 3/8"-25/32"thick |
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Term
|
Definition
| Standard strip flooring assembled into unit held together w/steel or wood splines |
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Term
| Laminated Block flooring: |
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Definition
| flooring made from3-5 piles of cross laminated wood veneer |
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Term
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Definition
| made of preassembled units of very small, thin slats of wood in variety of patterns. May be finished or unfinished. Usually solid in 12"sqs, 5/16"thick for mastic appearance. Easier & less expensive to install than other types in wide variety of designs |
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Term
|
Definition
| made of preassembled units of very small, thin slats of wood in variety of patterns. May be finished or unfinished. Usually solid in 12"sqs, 5/16"thick for mastic appearance. Easier & less expensive to install than other types in wide variety of designs |
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Term
|
Definition
| Solid pieces of wood from 2 1/4-4" thick laid on end. Very durable & resistant to oils, mild chemicals, & indentations. OFten used for industrial floors. |
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Term
| Who sets grading rules for wood flooring? |
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Definition
| various trade associations: Nat'l Oak Flooring Manufacturer's Association & Maple Flooring Manufacturer's Association |
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Term
|
Definition
| Graded as clear, no. 1 common, & no.2 common. Clear is best grade 2/most uniform color. Plain sawn is standard but quarter sawn available on special order. Lengths of pieces 1 1/4' & longer w/ average length being 3 3/4' |
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Term
| Beech, birch, & Maple grading: |
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Definition
| available in 1st, 2nd, & 3rd grades along w/some combo grades |
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Term
|
Definition
| environmentally sensitve alternative to trad'l hardwood flooring. Fast growing grass & not a tree & can be obtained from managed forests where other agricultural crops are difficult to grow |
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Term
|
Definition
| available in 1/2" & 3/4" thick strips about 3" wide or wider, depends on manufacturer |
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Term
| How is bamboo flooring milled? |
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Definition
| with tongue & groove edges,so installed like standard wood flooring or with adhesive |
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Term
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Definition
| also environmentally friendly alternative to wood flooring. Harvested as by product from plantation-grown coconut palms. |
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Term
| Palm wood flooring sizes: |
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Definition
| 3/4"x3" wide strips w/tongue & groove edges |
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Term
| Palm wood compared to Oak or maple: |
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Definition
| Harder & comes prefinished in colors ranging from dark to medium red mahogany |
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Term
| What should wood flooring be installed over? |
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Definition
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Term
| Since wood swells if it gets damp, what should be done? |
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Definition
| provisions must be made to prevent moisture from seeping up from below & to allow for expansion of completed floor |
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Term
| How is strip flooring installed: |
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Definition
| by blind nailing through tongue. Layer of polyethylene film laid down first if moisture may be a problem |
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Term
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Definition
| What wood flooring is laid on for method of install that gives more resilient floor that is more comfy under food |
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Term
| What is the typical type fo framing in residential for wood flooring? |
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Definition
| plywood or particleboard subfloor |
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Term
| What can be laid to prevent squeaking with hardwood floors? |
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Definition
| layer of 15lb asphalt felt & acts as vapor barrier |
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Term
| What is available in place of sleepers for wood floor install? |
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Definition
| resilient pads. Provide even more resilient floor. often used for dance floors & gyms |
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Term
| What are the 5 types of stones commonly used for flooring as well as walls: |
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Definition
| 1)granite 2)Marble 3)Limestone 4)Slate 5)sandstone |
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Term
|
Definition
| igneous rock w/visible grains |
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Term
| 5 common finishes of granite: |
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Definition
| 1)polished 2)honed 3) fine rubbed 4) Rubbed finish 5)Thermal (or Flame) |
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Term
|
Definition
| has mirror gloss w/sharp reflection |
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Term
|
Definition
| dull sheen, wo/reflections |
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Term
| Fine rubbed granite finish: |
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Definition
| smooth surface free from scratches w/ no sheen |
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Term
|
Definition
| surface w/ occasional slight "trails" or scratches |
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Term
| Thermal (or flame) granite finishes: |
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Definition
| coarse finish, amount depending on grain structure of granite |
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Term
|
Definition
| Metaphoric rock formed by layers of shell, under heat & pressure form composition of crystalline grains of calcite &/or dolomite |
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Term
|
Definition
| 1)polished 2) honed 3)abrasive 4)Wet sand |
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Term
|
Definition
| smoothest finish. Produces glossy surface bringing out full color & characteristics of marble |
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Term
|
Definition
| satin smooth surface w/little/no gloss |
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Term
|
Definition
| Flat, non reflective surface suitable for stair treads & nonslip surfaces |
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Term
|
Definition
| yields smooth surface also suitable for nonslip floors |
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Term
|
Definition
| most commonly used for exterior surface, type called travertine used for interior flooring - light creamy color, usually finished w/polished surface |
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Term
| Since travertine is formed with a network of holes in it, what gives it a smooth surface? |
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Definition
| must be filled w/ epoxy resin (colored compatible w/stone) to make smooth surface |
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Term
|
Definition
| fine-grained metamorphic rock that is easily split into thin slabs, ideal for flooring & roofing |
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Term
|
Definition
| 1) Natural cleft finish 2)Sand rubbed 3)Honed |
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Term
| Natural cleft slate finish: |
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Definition
| shows surface as it's cleaved from the rock, so rough & surface level varies by about 1/8" |
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Term
| Sand rubbed slate finish: |
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Definition
| gives even plane showing slight grain |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| sedimentary rock made of sand & other substances. When cleaved from original rock, called flagstone & has natural rough surface |
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Term
| How can sandstone be used: |
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Definition
| w/irregular edges as it comes from rock. can be saw-cut into rectangular or square shapes |
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Term
| 2 primary methods of stone floor install: |
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Definition
|
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Term
| Thin-set stone floor install: |
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Definition
| uniform thickness of stone set on subfloor w/ special thin-set mortar |
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Term
| advantages of thin-set stone floor installation: |
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Definition
| less expensive, add less wight to floor, faster to install |
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Term
| What is thin-set stone floor install suitable for? |
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Definition
| thin stone floors cut in uniform thickness in either residential or commercial construction |
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Term
| Thick-set stone floor install: |
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Definition
| requires layer of mortar from 3/4"- 1 1/4" thick be applied to a suitably prepared structurally sound subfloor. Generally best method of install. |
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Term
| HOw must stone be set in thick-set install? |
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Definition
| set in semi wet mortar or mortar allowed to cure & stone is set w/another thin layer of dry-set mortar on top fo the first |
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Term
| When must thick-set stone floor install be used: |
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Definition
| when subfloor is uneven or when stone varies in thickness (common in slate & sandstone) |
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Term
| In thick-set install, mortar's relationship to subfloor: |
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Definition
| mortar bed bonded to subfloor or separated from it w/ a cleavage membrane |
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Term
| What is benefit of using stell reinforcing mesh in mortar bed (w thick-set): |
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Definition
| allows finish floor to be structurally separate from subfloor> if subfloor deflects or moves slightly, stone floor protected from cracking cuz not bonded to structural floor. |
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Term
| In thin-set install, what can mortar be placed on? |
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Definition
| either concrete or wood sub floors |
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Term
| How can stone floors be set? |
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Definition
| with joints tightly butted together or w/space between individual pieces |
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Term
| If gap in stone flooring, what must it be filled with? |
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Definition
| grout or portland cement/sand mix that can be colored to be compatible w/color of stone |
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Term
| What types of grouts are available: |
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Definition
| resistant to chemicals, fungus, & mildew. Also, latex grout provides some flexibility when slight movement in floor expected. |
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Term
| What must you consider when specifying stone? |
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Definition
| added weight stone/mortar will add to floor, extra thickness required, & finish that will be most appropriate |
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Term
| Where should polished finished stone flooring not be used? |
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Definition
| in areas where stone might get wet or on stairs since there is a potential slipping problem |
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Term
| What is a better stone floor finish for wet applications? |
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Definition
| Flamed finishes w/granite or abrasive finish with marble are better choices in applications & require by code in some applications |
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Term
|
Definition
| Composite material poured in place or precast. Consists of marble, quartz, granite, or suitable chips in matrix that is cementritious, chemical, or combination |
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Term
| What is terrazzo commonly used for? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How is the Terrazzo's smooth surface produced? |
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Definition
| poured, cured, ground, & polished |
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Term
| What are the advantages of terrazzo flooring? |
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Definition
| durability, water resistance, ease of cleaning, fire resistance, & wide choice of pattern & colors |
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Term
| What are the 4 basic types of terrazzo? |
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Definition
| 1)standard 2) Venetian 3) Palladian 4) Rustic |
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Term
|
Definition
| Most common using small chips no larger than 3/8" |
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Term
|
Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Uses thin random fractured slabs of marble 2/standard terrazzo between |
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Term
|
Definition
| has matric depressed to expose the chips. Exposes some stone when matrix washed before it has set, usually not appropriate for interior flooring |
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Term
| What are the common floor installation methods for Terrazzo: |
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Definition
| Standard method, bonded method, monolithic method, thin-set method |
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Term
| Standard installation method (Terrazzo): |
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Definition
| best way to avoid cracking of terrazzo cuz finish systematically physically seperated from structural slab with a membrane similar to thick set stone floor install methods. Since underbed is reinforced, terrazzo system can move independently of structure |
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Term
| Bonded installation method (Terrazzo) |
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Definition
| When floor movement/deflection not anticipated |
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Term
| Monolithic method/thin-set method: |
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Definition
| Where thickness of install a problem. |
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Term
| How is terrazzo usually finished? |
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Definition
| Generally finished to smooth surface w/80 grit stone grinder. Can be ground w/rough 24-grit to achieve more textured surface. |
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Term
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Definition
| Several types of composition materials made from various resins, fibers, plasticizers, & fillers |
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Term
| How are resilient floors formed? |
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Definition
| under heat & pressure to produce thin material, either sheets or tiles. |
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Term
| How is resilient flooring applied? |
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Definition
| with mastic to subfloor of concrete, plywood, or other smooth underlayment. Some might be installed only on floors above ground, others may be placed below, on, above ground. |
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Term
|
Definition
| includes pure vinyl, vinyl compound, vinyl tiles, sheet viynl. A good,durable, resilient flooring resistant to indentation, abrasion, grease, water, alkalis, & some acids |
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Term
|
Definition
| variety of colors & patterns, inexpensive & easy to install |
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Term
|
Definition
| Over clean, dry, smooth surface. Used below grade on grade, above grade |
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Term
|
Definition
| Tiles generally 12"sq, sometimes 9"sq. Either 1/16" or 1/8" thickness available, for commercial use & better residential floors. 1/8" thick preferred. Sheet vinyl comes 6, 9, or 12'w rolls |
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Term
|
Definition
| Made from synthetic rubber & offers excellent resistance to deformation uder loads, providing comfy, quiet, resilient floor |
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|
Term
| disadvantages to rubber flooring: |
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Definition
| not resistant to oils or grease |
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Term
| Rubber flooring surfaces: |
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Definition
| Available with smooth surface or w/patterned, raised surface which allows water & dirt to lie below the wearing surface - Helps prevent slipping or excessive abrasion. Available in tiles or sheet in several thicknesses |
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Term
|
Definition
| Used where acoustical control or resilience desired |
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Term
| How is cork flooring available? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| Some types not resistant to staining, fading, moisture, heavy loads, or concentrated foot traffic |
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Term
| How can cork flooring be given improved durability & make it easier to maintain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Composed of oxidized inseed oil, wood flour, pigments, & fillers applied over backing of burlap/asphalt-saturated felt |
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Term
| Linoleum characteristics: |
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Definition
| available in single color or w/multicolored patterns that extend through thickness to backing. Has good abrasion & grease resistance but limited resistance to alkalis |
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Term
| common thickness of linoleum: |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is linoleum considered a sustainable material? |
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Definition
| composed of natural materials |
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Term
|
Definition
| if properly selected it is attractive, durable, quiet, easy to install, & requires less maintenance than many other types of flooring |
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Term
|
Definition
| 1)rugs 2)sheet carpet 3) carpet tiles |
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Term
|
Definition
| soft floor covering laid on floor but not fastened. Doesn't cover entire floor |
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Term
|
Definition
| Individual pieces, generally 18" sq |
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Term
| How are carpet tiles applied? |
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Definition
| To floor with pressure-sensitive adhesive |
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Term
| Advantage of carpet tiles: |
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Definition
| damaged worn pieces easily replaced |
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Term
| Where are carpet tiles generally specified? |
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Definition
| for commercial installs where frequent change in room layout expected, where maintenance may be a problem, or where flat under carpet electrical & telephone cabling used |
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Term
|
Definition
| wool,nylon, acrylic, moda acrylic, polyester, & olefin |
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Term
|
Definition
| durable & resilient, wears well, superior appearance, flame resistant, relatively easy to clean & maintain. One of most expensive for initial cost |
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Term
|
Definition
| economical, very strong, wear resistant. High stain resistance & excellent crush resistant, can be dyed w/wide variety of colors, & cleans easil |
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Term
|
Definition
| static problems & glossy sheen but can be alleviated w/improved fiber construction & by blending with other fibers |
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Term
| Why is nylon heavily used for both commercial & residential applications? |
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Definition
| its advantages & low cost |
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Term
|
Definition
| moderate abrasion resistance, more wool like appearance. Can be dyed in variety of colors, has good crush resistance, & easy to maintain |
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Term
|
Definition
| made from synthetic polymers & highly abrasion resistant, has good crush resistance, mildew resistant, low cost. Sometimes blended with nylon |
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Term
|
Definition
| primarily used for indoor-outdoor carpet & as alternative to jute for carpet backing. Durable, stain resistant, cleans easily |
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Term
|
Definition
| Least attractive of artificial fibers & has low melting point |
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Term
| What is the manufacturing process for carpeting? |
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Definition
| weaving, tufting, needle punching, fusion bonding, & sometimes knitting & custom tufting |
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Term
|
Definition
| traditional method by interlacing warp & weft yarnss. It produces very attractive carpet but most expensive machine method |
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Term
| 3 primary methods of weaving; |
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Definition
| 1)wilton carpet 2)velvet 3)axminster |
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Term
|
Definition
| produced on jacquard loom that allows complex patterns to be woven into carpet as well as several types of surface textures, including level cut pile, level loop, cut/uncut, & multilevel loop |
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Term
| Why is wilton carpet heavier & more expensive & heavier than other woven types for same total cut? |
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Definition
| different colors of yarn run beneath surface of carpet & are pulled up onlly when needed for pattern |
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Term
|
Definition
| simplest form & places all pile yarn on face of carpet. Generally solid colors, but multi colored yarns can be used in variety of surface textures including plushes, loop pile, cut pile, multi level loop, & cut & loop styles |
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Term
| Axminster carpet weaving: |
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Definition
| made on modified jacquard loom that delivers different colors of yarn @ different times according to patterned desire. Can produce range of patterns/colors from geometric to flor. Most pile yarn placed on surface. Even cut-pile surface with heavily ribbed backing |
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Term
|
Definition
| Pile yarn punched through backing w/ rows of needles, like a sewing machine. As needle goes through backing, yarn caught & held while needle makes next pass |
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Term
| why does tufting process account for majority of carpet manufactured? |
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Definition
| because of speed & low cost |
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Term
|
Definition
| Similar to tufting except fiber pulled through backing w/ barbed needles. Produces carpet of limited variation in texture & accounts for small % of carpet on market |
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Term
|
Definition
| embeds pile yarn in backing of liquid vinyl. When vinyl hardens, tufts are permanently locked in backing. |
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Term
| Where is fushion binding primarily used? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| what is appearance & durability of carpet affected by? |
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Definition
| amount of yarn in given area, how tightly yarn is packed, & height of yarn |
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Term
|
Definition
| Of woven carpet is # of ends of surface yarn in 27"width |
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Term
|
Definition
| for tufted carpet, # of ends of surface yarn. spacing in fractions of an " between needles across width of carpet. 5/64", 1/10", 1/8" is common for contract |
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Term
| what does it mean when a carpet has a higher pitch/gauge # |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| ht of fiber from surface of backing to top of pile. |
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Term
| What pile height is most durable? |
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Definition
| shorter, more tightly packed fibers. but expensive |
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Term
|
Definition
| backing provides support for pile yarn & gives added strength & dimensional stability to the carpet |
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Term
| What is combined during the manufacturing process for woven/knitted carpet? |
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Definition
| pile yarns & backing yarns |
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Term
| What are common backing yarns made of for woven carpets? |
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Definition
| Polypropylene (most common)), jute, cotton, polyester |
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Term
| How is tufted carpet backing manufactured? |
|
Definition
| by punching yarns through primary backing of woven/non woven polypropylene or woven jute. The secondary backing, usually latex, applied |
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Term
| Is cushion/padding required for all carpet? |
|
Definition
| No , for example, direct glue down |
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Term
| Cushion/padding (carpet): |
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Definition
| increases life of carpet, provides better resiliency & comfort, helps sound absorption, lessens impact noise |
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Term
| What are common construction materials for carpet cushion/padding: |
|
Definition
| Felt, foam & sponge rubber, urethane, & polyester |
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|
Term
| Direct glue down carpet install: |
|
Definition
| carpet attached to floor w/ adhesive. May have an attached cushion or be installed wo/a cushion |
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Term
| Stretched-in carpet installation: |
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Definition
| Uses tackless strips attached around perimeter of room. Carpet stretched against strips, which hold carpet in place. Carpet cusion either stapled to wood floors or glued to concrete floors after tackless strips are in place |
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Term
| What flammabilty requirement must all carpet sold in the US meet? |
|
Definition
| Requirements of ASTMD 2859, more commonly known as methenamine pill test or "pill test" |
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Term
| What does ASTMD 2859 (pill test) measure? |
|
Definition
| response of carpet sample to burning methenamine tablet. If it doesn't pass, it can't be sold |
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|
Term
| New International BUilding Code (carpet requirements): |
|
Definition
| must meet requirement of Flooring Radiant Panel Test, ASTME 648 under certain conditions |
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Term
| IBC carpet flammability requirments: |
|
Definition
| when carpet not required to be either class I or II material according to flooring radient panel test, it must meed requirements of pill test |
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|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| durability, water resistance, ease of install & cleaning, wide choice of colors, sizes & patterns, fire resistant, fade resistant, ability to store heat for passive solar collection |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Surfacing unit, usually relatively thin in relation to facil area, made from clay/clay mx & other ceramic materials, have either glazed or unglaced face |
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|
Term
| Who are ceramic tiles made? |
|
Definition
| fired above red heat during manufacturing to a temp high enough to produce specific physical properties & characteristics. |
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Term
|
Definition
| Glazed or unglazed, usually w 6 sq" or more of facial area |
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Term
|
Definition
| by extrusion process from natural clay or shale |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| glazed wall tile, unglazed tile, ceramic mosaic tile, paver tile, quarry tile (glazed/unglazed), abrasive tile, anti static tile |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| formed by dust pressed or extrusion method. 1/4"-3/8" thick. Facial area of less than 6 sq". |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| usses large presses to shape tile out of relatively dry cut tiles from wetter & more malleable clay extruded through a die |
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|
Term
| U.S. tile industry classification for tile based on size: |
|
Definition
| under 6 sq" = mosaic, over 6 sq" = wall tile, glazed/unglazed tile over 6 sq" made by dust pressed method = paver tile, Glazed/unglazed non mosaic made by extrusion method = quarry |
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|
Term
| Tile classifications according to water resistance & water absorption: |
|
Definition
| Nonvitreous tile =water absorption rate of greater than/equal to 7.0%, Impervious tile = water absorption rate of less than/equal to 5%, Semivitreous tile & vitreous tile classified between non vitreous & impervious |
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|
Term
| Is imported tile classified in same way as U.S. tile? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is European tile classified? |
|
Definition
| according to production method (dust press or extrusion method), degree of water absorption, & whether glazed/unglazed or unline to fill column glazed |
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|
Term
| Classifications of abrasion resistance (tile): |
|
Definition
| Group I - light resistance, Group II - moderate resistance, Group III - maximum resistance, Group IV - Commercial |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| variation of plastic laminate material. Composed of clear wearing sheet over melamine -impregnated decorative printed sheet with core layers of phenolic-impresnated kraft paper |
|
|
Term
| What is laminated flooring laminated to? |
|
Definition
| a high density fiberboard core under heat & pressure & covered w/water resitant backing sheet |
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|
Term
| What can laminate flooring decorative printed sheets be made to resemble? |
|
Definition
| wood, tile, stone, or printed in solic colors, have photographic quality images in it |
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|
Term
| What is laminate flooring available in? |
|
Definition
| planks, square tiles, rectangular blocks |
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|
Term
| How is laminated flooring normally laid? |
|
Definition
| On cushioned foam under layment with tongue & groove edges glued together. Vapor barrier normally required when laid over concrete floor |
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|
Term
| Advantages of laminate flooring: |
|
Definition
| hard, durable, resistant to staining, relatively easy to install. Less expensive alternative to wood/other types of flooring. |
|
|
Term
| Where can laminated flooring be used? |
|
Definition
| most locations but not recommended for restrooms or potentially wet areas |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| mix of resinous matrix, fillers, & decorative materials applied in liquid or viscous form that cures to hard, seamless surface. |
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|
Term
| How is seamless flooring installed? |
|
Definition
| Either poured or trowled on a subfloor depending on type of matric & specific mix. Some products are self-leveling, others must be worked to level surface. Some products, example epoxy terrazzo, are surface ground after they cure to produce smooth surface |
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|
Term
| When is high performance seamless flooring used? |
|
Definition
| where special characteristics required, such as extreme hardness, severe stain & chemical resistance, excellent water resistance, or where cleanliness & ease of cleaning required |
|
|
Term
| Where are seamless flooring used? |
|
Definition
| Industrial floors, commercial kitchen & food prep plants, factories, clean rooms, labs, hospitals, correctional facilities, & parking garages |
|
|
Term
| What 2 groups are seamless flooring divided into? |
|
Definition
| thermosetting & thermoplastic |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| two-part epoxy, 2-part polyurethenes polychloroprene, 2 part polyesters. 1 part mix also available, but not as good as 2 part |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| acrylic & mastic products |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| composed of asphalt emulsion, portland cement, & various types of sand or stone filling |
|
|
Term
| Seamless flooring thickness: |
|
Definition
| 1/16-1/2". mastics applied in thicknesses up to 1 1/2" |
|
|
Term
| What should seamless flooring be applied to? |
|
Definition
| suitable base of concrete/wood subflooring w/ material turned up at walls to form integrated cove base |
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Term
| What are paint coats composed of? |
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Definition
| vehicle (liquid part of coating), body & pigments (if coating is opaque) |
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Term
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Definition
| Nonvolatile part of vehicle - forms actual film of coating |
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Term
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Definition
| volatile part of the vehicle. dissolvs the binder to allow for application of coating. Evaporates or drives leaving final finish |
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Term
| What is body of most quality paints? |
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Definition
| titanium dioxide, which is white |
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Term
| what gives a paint color? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| have binders in or containing organic solvents |
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Term
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Definition
| binders that are soluble or dispersed in water |
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Term
| Clear solvent based paint: |
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Definition
| Include varnishes, shellac, silicone, urethane. When small amount of pigment added, coating becomes a stain, which gives color to surface but allows appearance of underlying material to show through. Most often used on wood. * It's not necessary to have pigment to protect interior surface as required for exterior |
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Term
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Definition
| Use drying oil as binder. Synthetic allkyd resin used as drying oil |
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Term
| characteristics of oil paints: |
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Definition
| durable but strong odor, must be cleaned w/solvents such as mineral spirits. Cant be painted on damp surfaces or surfaces that may get wet from behind |
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Term
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Definition
| water based w/vinyl chloride or acrylic resins as binders. Both used indoors or outdoors, can be thined w/water. Acrylic is better |
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Term
| what can be used for a more durable latex paint? |
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Definition
| epoxy used as binder for resistance to corrosion & chemicals. Resists abrasion & strongly adheres to concrete, metal, & wood |
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Term
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Definition
| used for superior resistance to abrasion, grease, alcohol, water & fuels |
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Term
| where are urethane paints often used? |
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Definition
| for wood floors & antigraffiti coatings |
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Term
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Definition
| use paint selected for intended use. Surface prep of substrate, primer used, method of application |
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Term
| what should a surface ready to paint be like? |
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Definition
| clean, dry, & free of grease, oils, other foreign material |
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Term
| how can paint be applied? |
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Definition
| rolling, brushing, spraying |
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Term
| Gloss & semigloss paint finish: |
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Definition
| used for washability & shiny appearance. Tends to show defects in surfaces on which they are applied |
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Term
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Definition
| Dull luster while still retaining washability. |
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Term
| What is the type of paint gloss determined by? |
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Definition
| amount of light reflected from surface according to standard test method |
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Term
| What should designer be aware of when recommending paint removal & specifying paints? |
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Definition
| lead-based paint & volatile organic compounds |
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Term
| Where is lead based paint especially problematic? |
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Definition
| in older homes & child occupant facilities |
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Term
| Buildings built before when may have lead-based paint? |
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Definition
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Term
| Dangers of lead based paint: |
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Definition
| dangerous if flakes off, chewed on, released as dust during construction activites & ingested by children or other occupants |
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Term
| Fed laws for lead based paints: |
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Definition
| anyone conducting lead based paint activities must be certified & LBP must be removed from some types of residential occupants & child occupant facilities by certified company using approved method for removal/disposal |
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Term
| Volatile organic componds (VOCS): |
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Definition
| Hydrocarbon solvents used in paints, stains, and other products |
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Term
| When are VOCs released into air? |
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Definition
| during application of coatings & react with nitrous oxides & sunlight to form ozone (same as product caused by auto exhaust & other pollutants) |
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Term
| Fed requirements on VOCs: |
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Definition
| 1st Clean Air Act '72. EPA issued regulations in '99 that require VOCs in paint & other coatings be reduced from previous levels. Amount of reduction depends on type of coating & gloss type. Ex: Non flat interior/exterior coatins must have no more than 380 grams per liter of VOCs |
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Term
| What type of paint is generally environmentally friendly? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| How is wallpaper generally packed? |
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Definition
| in rolls 20 1/2"w x 21'L. Double & triple rolls available |
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Term
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Definition
| may be all paper or paper backed w/ cotton fabric/other material |
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Term
| Before wallpaper is applied, what preparation is needed? |
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Definition
| Liquid sizing must be applied to wall to seal surface against alkali, to reduce absorption of paste or adhesive used, provides proper surface for wallpaper |
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Term
| advantages of vinyl wallcovering: |
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Definition
| provides durable, abrasion resistant finish that's easy to clean & can satisfy most code requirements for flammability |
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Term
| sizing of vinyl wallcovering: |
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Definition
| rolls 52-54"w & 30 yds long |
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Term
| Type I Vinyl Wallcovering grade: |
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Definition
| Light duty for residential application. Has total weight of 7-13 ounces per sq yd |
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Term
| Type II Vinyl Wallcovering grade: |
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Definition
| Medium duty for commercial & institutional application. Weight of 13-22 ounces per sq yd |
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Term
| Type III Grade of Vinyl Wallcovering: |
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Definition
| Heavy duty used where heavy use expected like public corridors, food service areas, & hospitals |
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Term
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Definition
| includes wool, silk, & synthetics, subject to flame spread restrictions. |
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Term
| Fabric wallcovering application: |
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Definition
| If heavy enough can be applied directly to wall w/adhesives. Sometimes backed w/paper/other material to prevent adhesives from damaging material & to give additional dimensional stability |
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Term
| Alternate installation method for fabric wallcovering: |
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Definition
| Stretch fabric over a frame & tack it into place - called upholstered wall |
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Term
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Definition
| Sound absorbent panel that can be purchased or constructed for use in spaces that require acoustical treatment in addition to an acoustical ceiling & carpeting |
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Term
| What must fabric wallcovering application conform to ? |
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Definition
| Requirements for fire ratings for finishes either by being fire resistant itself or treated w/fire retardant |
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Term
| What are acoustical panels made from? |
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Definition
| sound absorrbent materials like fiberglass & covered w/permeable material such as loose-weave fabric |
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Term
| How thick should material be for acoustic panels to be effective? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| in thick slabs or in thin veneer sheets |
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Term
| With traditional standard set method of application how is stone attached to wall substrates? |
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Definition
| slabs about 3/4" thick are attached to wall substrates with stainless steel wires or ties. Stainless Steel is anchored to substrate & holds stone by being set in holes or slots cut into back or sides of stone panel @ each anchor & holds slab in place & allows for precise allignment before they harden. W/normal ceiling hts, stone rests on floor w/ the anchors serving to hold each panel in place |
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Term
| How are stone joints filled? |
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Definition
| with nonstraining portland cement mortar, filled w/ sealant or left open |
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Term
| New technique for attaching stone: |
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Definition
| cutting & laminating stone to various types of reinforced backing, thin stone tiles largely replacing traditional thick slab construction. |
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Term
| Sizing for stone tiles with new technique: |
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Definition
| about 3/8"thick. 1' x 1' & 1' x 2' (other sizes & thicknesses available depending on manufacturer) |
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Term
| Other stone application techniques: |
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Definition
| Many cases, stone is mastic applied to suitable substrate. Some manufacturers provide special clips that hold stone in place against back up wall |
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Term
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Definition
| similar to vinyl tile but includes various types of fillers that decrese percentage of polyvinylchloride |
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Term
| when should concrete be tested for moisture levels? |
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Definition
| prior to applying any critical finishes such as vinyl, rubber, linoleum, urethane, & wood |
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Term
| what is the max limit for moisture emission concerning concrete flooring? |
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Definition
| 3.0 lbm/1000ft squared/24h when exposed to 73 degrees F temp & 50% relative humidity |
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Term
| Calcium chloride test aka moisture dome test: |
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Definition
| one of most common moisture level tests & inexpensive & easy to complete. Gives results in form that many flooring manufacturers use to determine if their prodcut can be successfully installed |
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Term
| How is calcium chloride test made? |
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Definition
| by placing a standard mass of calcium chloride below a plastic cover & sealing it to the concrete floor. After 60-72 hours the calcium chloride is weighed to compare it w/ its pre test weight |
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Term
| Hygrometer test aka Relative humidity test: |
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Definition
| determines the moisture emission by measuring relative humidity of the atmosphere confined adjacent to the concrete floor. A pocket of air is trapped below a vapor-impermeable box, & a probe in the device measures the RH |
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Term
| Hygrometer test aka Relative humidity test: |
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Definition
| determines the moisture emission by measuring relative humidity of the atmosphere confined adjacent to the concrete floor. A pocket of air is trapped below a vapor-impermeable box, & a probe in the device measures the RH |
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Term
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Definition
| qualitative test conducted by sealing an 18" x 18" sheet of plastic to the floor to trap excessive moisture. After min of 16hrs a visual inspection made of floor & the sheet. Presence of visible water indicates the concrete is insufficiently dry for the application of finishes |
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Term
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Definition
| qualitative method that uses 24" x 24" sample of vapor retardant floor finish. Sample applied w/ adhesives, & the edges are sealed w/ tape. After 72 hrs visual inspection made. If mat firmly bonded or removal of mat is difficult, then level of moisture present is considered to be sufficiently low for installation of the flooring material |
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Term
| Electrical impedance test: |
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Definition
| uses proprietary meters to determine the moisture content of the concrete by measuring conductance & capacitance. Proves of meter are placed on concrete, & % of moisture content in slab is read out directly |
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Term
| In addition to moisture, what should a concrete slab be tested for? |
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Definition
|
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Term
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Definition
| measure of the acidity or alkalinity of a material rated on a scale from 0-14 , with 7 being neutral. Materials w/PH less than 7 considered acidic whicl those w/ PH above 7 are considered alkaline |
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Term
| What is concrete's normal pH? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| what are 2 types of problems alkalinity in concrete can cause? |
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Definition
| High alkalinity on surface of slab can damage a tile install bycausing adhesive to re-emulsify or return to its original liquid state. Can also cause problems w/ other coatings. |
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Term
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Definition
| strongly alkaline cement begins to dissolve sand & rock concrete. Chemical reaction creates a gel-like material that causes tremendous pressure in the pores of the concrete surface. Pressure, can buckle or blister floor finishes |
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Term
| How can the risk for ASR (alkali-silica reaction)be reduced? |
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Definition
| by specifying aggregates that are not susceptible to ASR, using a low-lime cement, proper curing, and not finishing the concrete w/ a hard trowel surface |
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Term
| What is a PH test used to test? |
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Definition
| the surface of concrete that will come in contact w/ flooring adhesives or other critical floor coatings. Simple test that uses a coated paper strip or a small pH meter |
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Term
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Definition
| 8.5 & about min that concrete can have, w/ values up to 9.0 being acceptable |
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Term
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Definition
| used to determine the level of alkalinity in concrete. Involves griding portions of the concrete, mixing those portions w/ demineralized water, & performing laboratory chemical analysis |
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Term
| Sponge rubber carpet pad: |
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Definition
| made from natural or synthetic rubber & other chemicals & fillers & has facing on top side. Available in flat sheets or waffled configuration |
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Term
| 4 forms felt is available in: |
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Definition
| 1)hair 2)combination 3)Fiber 4)rubberized |
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Term
| how is urethane carpet padding manufactured? |
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Definition
| in 3 different ways to produce prime, densified or bonded sheets, each has a different range of densities |
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Term
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Definition
| commonly applied as an intregral backing to some carpet. Is a natural or synthetic latex rubber w/ additives , & it has a backing on one side |
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Term
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Definition
| Evaluates & specifies the slip resistance of floor surfaces. Measureemtn of degree of slip resistance of floor surface from 0 to 1. Higher COF, less slippery the surface |
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Term
| 2 basic measures of friction: |
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Definition
| 1)static coefficient of friction 2)Dynamic coefficient of friction |
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Term
| 2 basic measures of friction: |
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Definition
| 1)static coefficient of friction 2)Dynamic coefficient of friction |
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Term
| static coefficient of friction: |
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Definition
| measured from a resting position |
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Term
|
Definition
| measured when 2 surfaces are in relative motion. Dynamic COF is always less than the static COF for the same surfaces |
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Term
| What has generally been considered the minimum COF for a slip resistant floor? |
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Definition
|
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Term
|
Definition
| when one length of wallpaper is aligned w/ the next piece in a direct horizontal line |
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Term
|
Definition
| If the next piece of wallpaper has to be lowered to continue the pattern |
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Term
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Definition
| If the next piece of wallpaper has to be lowered to continue the pattern |
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Term
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Definition
| If the next piece of wallpaper has to be lowered to continue the pattern |
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Term
| why should primer used on new wallboard before wall covering application? |
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Definition
| to prevent damage to the partition if wall covering is removed |
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Term
| what are acoustic panels covered with? |
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Definition
| a permeable material, such as a loose-weave fabric, so that the sound energy can pass through the fabric & be dissipated in the material underneath |
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Term
| qualities for acoustical fabrics: |
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Definition
| fabric shouldn't be backed. Should be hydrophobic - shouldn't absorb & hold moisture that could cause sagging & distortion |
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Term
| Hydrophilic fabrics (hold moisture): |
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Definition
| silk, rayon, nylon, & acetates |
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Term
| hydrophobic fabrics (dont hold moisture) |
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Definition
| modacrylics, polyesters, cotton, linen, olefin, & wool |
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Term
| Core materials for acoustic panels: |
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Definition
| loose materials such as fiberglass or polyester batting or a tackable material such as mineral fiberboard or tackable, acoustic fiberglass |
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