Term
| What is one of the most important parts of contract documents? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Describe in detail the extent of work & the location, dimensions, & relationship of various construction elements |
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Term
| How are construction drawings typically organized for a small residential project? |
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Definition
| Floor plan, finish schedule, & some interior elevations on the first sheet in the set of drawings |
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Term
| What is the more common way of organizing construction drawings for a larger project? |
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Definition
| Individual drawing elements may be shown on separate sheets as part of the set of drawings |
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Term
| What is the typical sequential order of construction drawings |
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Definition
| Title, floor plans, reflected ceiling plans, elevations, details,mechanical drawings, electrical drawings, fire protection drawings, structural drawings, schedules |
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Term
| What is found on the title & index sheet? |
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Definition
| Large title & sometimes graphics identifying project, index to set of drawings, list of standard abbreviations & symbols used on job, project data required by dept (sq ftg, occupancy, category, building type), notes that apply to entire job |
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Term
| Where is the title/index info typically found on a smaller project? |
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Definition
| On floor plan or 1st sheet of set |
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Term
| Larger projects could have several floor plans of the same area. What particular type of info would they be showing? |
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Definition
| demolition plans, constructin plans, finish plans, telephone & power plans, furniture plans |
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Term
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Definition
| Contail construction elements such as wall types, doors, glazing, ceilings, millwork, stairways, flooring, & other special construction |
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Term
| If a project is competitively bid what is the importance of detail drawings? |
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Definition
| Must be very complete & fully descrive the extent of work so the client will get valid cost quote |
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Term
| Detail drawings for smaller negotiated contract jobs where majority of details are standard: |
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Definition
| May be fewer details because some of the final decisions may be made during construction |
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Term
| Who often provides the mechanical drawings? |
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Definition
| Engineers (if consulted on the project) |
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Term
| What kind of info do mechanical drawings show? |
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Definition
| Necessary info about HVAC & plumbing systems |
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Term
| Who privides the electrical drawings? |
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Definition
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Term
| When are electrical drawings necessary? |
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Definition
| For new or revised power & lighting circuity & specialty wiring such as fire alarms, communications systems, & security systems |
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Term
| How can light fixture & switch locations be shown for residential projects? |
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Definition
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Term
| What kind of information should the electric contractor show? |
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Definition
| Correct gauge & wire & circuits systems properly & according to local codes |
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Term
| When are fire protection drawings required? |
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Definition
| If a sprinkler system is required for commercial construction. Given by a mechanical engineer |
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Term
| When are structural drawings required? |
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Definition
| If work is being performed that requires services of a structural engineer |
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Term
| Where are schedules generally located? |
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Definition
| On the sheet where they most logically apply |
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Term
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Definition
| Views seen as though the buildig were cut horizontally about 4" above the floor with the top section removed |
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Term
| What does a construction plan show? |
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Definition
| the building configuration - walls, dimensions, existing construction to remain, references to elevations, details drawn elsewhere, room names *& #s if used), floor material indications, millwork, plumbing fixtures, built-in fixtures, stairs, special equipment, notes as required to explain items on plan |
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Term
| What scales is the construction plan generally drawn in |
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Definition
| 1/8" or 1/4" or 1/2" for complex areas |
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Term
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Definition
| shows which existing construction to remain & which to be removed |
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Term
| How are minor partitions to be removed shown on a demolition plan? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Shows the location of electrical outlets, phone outlets, other signal systems like the location of computer terminals & intercommunication systems. |
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Term
| What kind of information would the electrical engineer provide on a power/telephone plan? |
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Definition
| electrical circuiting, conduit size, & other technical info |
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Term
| What would the power/telephone plan show that's provided by the interior designer? |
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Definition
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Term
| If the designer doesn't provide a power plan what information will the electrical engineer fill in? |
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Definition
| locations for outlets, phone jax, security systems, fire alarm devices |
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Term
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Definition
| Lists in tabular format each room & types & specific finishes for floor, base,walls, & sometimes ceilling |
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Term
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Definition
Used when there are several finish types on each wall & other complex finish configurations
Each finish is given a code #-listed in legend specifying the exact manufactureer, catalog #, & color |
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Term
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Definition
| Shows the location of each piece of furniture on the floor plan with corresponding code to identify piece |
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Term
| Why can a furniture plan be useful? |
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Definition
| to itemize furniture for pricing & ordering & can show installers where to place furniture |
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Term
| What other plan can the furniture plan sometimes be doubled with? |
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Definition
| The power/phone plan since the outlet locations are related to location of furniture |
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Term
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Definition
View of building as seen from directly above showing the roof of the building as well as surrounding yards, walks, driveways, & other features wi/property line
*usually shows streets & property immediately adjacent to site |
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Term
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Definition
| Shows view of ceiling as though reflected onto mirror on the floor |
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Term
| What does a reflected ceiling plan show? |
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Definition
| partitions that extend through ceiling, ceiling material, building grid lines (if used), notes calling out ceiling heights, change in ceiling heights, locations of all lights )including exit lights), sprinkler heads, air diffusers & vents, access panels, speakers, & other items that is part of (or touches) plane of ceiling |
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Term
| why are dimensions included on a reflected ceiling plan? |
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Definition
To precisely locate elements that can't reasonably be inferred by relationship to something else
Ex: position of downlighting gypsum wall board ceiling - dimension to its center point |
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Term
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Definition
| Drawing showing a vertical surface seen from a pint of view perpendicular to the surface |
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Term
| Since an elevation is a straight on view, you will get no what? |
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Definition
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Term
| What happens if a curved/angled surface is included on an elevation? |
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Definition
| They are projected onto a flat plane of elevation drawing |
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Term
| What type of information should an elevation relay/show? |
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Definition
configuration of surface, vertical dimensions, openings in walls, built-in items, materials & finishes on a wall, location of switches, thermostats, & other wall mounted equipment
*Can include horizontal dimensions that wouldn't fit on the floor plan |
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Term
| How can you indicate references to other sections & details ? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the common scales used for an elevation drawing? |
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Definition
| 1/4" or 1/2" (for more complex) |
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Term
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Definition
| A drawing showing what a part of construction would look like if you cut straigh through it. |
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Term
| Why is a section drawing useful? |
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Definition
| It shows the relationship between materials |
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Term
| How can a section be cut? |
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Definition
| Horizontally as with the plan, or vertically to show partition construction for example |
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Term
| What is a section cut perpendicular to? |
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Definition
| the plane of construction that will be exposed in detail |
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Term
| More clearly defining section vs. detail: |
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Definition
| majority of details are section cuts through small portins of construction. A section is used on architectural drawings to refer to sections through entire buildings |
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Term
| Are all details sections? |
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Definition
| No, can be very large scale plan view, isometric view, or large scale partial elevation |
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Term
| What are details meant to show? |
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Definition
| the manner in which assembly of several parts are organized & connected |
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Term
| What scale are details generally drawn in? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Show information in tabular format with rows & columns of data |
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Term
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Definition
| Efficient way to communicate large amount of complex info in a small space |
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Term
| What are some common schedules: |
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Definition
| Room finish, door, kitchen equipment, millwork, hardware |
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Term
| What kinds of consultants could work on a project: |
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Definition
| architectural design, structural design, fire protection, food service, security systems, acoustics, electrical engineer, mechanical engineer |
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Term
| Who's primarily responsible for the overall drawing coordination? |
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Definition
| One design professional. The person who will coordinate the team is determined in the client contract |
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Term
| If the designer is responsible for retaining the services of other consultants, what are they also responsible for? |
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Definition
| directing & coordinating their work so the final set of construction documents represent a complete set of coordinated info |
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Term
| In a design firm, who is typically given the job of coordinating consultant's drawings? |
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Definition
| The project manager but in smaller jobs/firms the designer may take on the task |
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Term
| What are ways to accomplish coordinating during the design & production of contract documents? |
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Definition
| 1)schedule regular meetings-exchange info & alert everyone of progress 2)Progreess prints should be exchanged between designer//consultants for ongoing comparison of work being produced 3)Whoever is directing job is responsible for notifying all consultants, in writing of changes made as they occur 4) Have thorough method of checking/coordinating entire dwg set before issue bidding or negotiation of construction contract |
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Term
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Definition
| Used to refer someone looking @ drawings from 1 element to another, standard graphic symbols are used. They direct someone to the correct, related drawing |
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Term
| What is needed to make reference systems work? |
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Definition
| each dwg element mush have a unique # |
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Term
| What is a drawing number usually a combination of? |
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Definition
| sequential # starting w/ 1 on each seperate sheet, & # on which the drawing element occurs |
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Term
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Definition
| used to indicate where a section is cut through a portion of construction (can be used vertically or horizontally on plan, elevations, or other sections). It shows that dwg shows view that is 90 degrees to plane in which mark is made. |
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Term
| Elevation Reference Mark: |
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Definition
| Placed on floor plan to indicate that an elevation of the wall drawn somewhere in the set |
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Term
| what are drawing numbers always combined with? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| shows that a detail of the portion circled is drawn. It indicates that the detail is drawn in the same plane of circled portion of plan ranther than being 90 degrees to the cut line |
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Term
| Is a detail drawn in the same scale as a plan? |
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Definition
| No it is drawn @ a larger scale . Remember the symbol acts like a magnifying glass |
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Term
| What does a rectangular symbol with rounded corner indicated? |
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Definition
| An enlarged floor plan of the area highlighted. |
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Term
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Definition
| Efficiently communicate various types of graphic information |
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Term
| What do common drawing symbols indicate? |
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Definition
| materials, architectural featurs, electrical items, & misc. drawing features |
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Term
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Definition
| Construction components that are primarily built of wood & manufactured in a shop |
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Term
| What are some examples of millwork items? |
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Definition
| cabinets, book shelves, paneling, custom doors |
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Term
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Definition
| woodwork done on job site |
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Term
| Examples of finished carpentry: |
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Definition
| wood base, door trim, wall moldings, hand rail |
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Term
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Definition
| prefabricated cabinets that are selected from manufacturer's standard product line. |
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Term
| Why doesn't the designer have to draw details for modular casework? |
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Definition
| because construction is set by the manufacturer |
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Term
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Definition
| Base cabinets, upper cabinets, open-front storage units, etc. |
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Term
| What should be noted on millwork drawings when built-in equipment like appliances is planned? |
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Definition
| The size & clearance required |
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Term
| What are the two types of paneling? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Traditional type of paneling composed of vertical pieces (stiles) and horizontal pieces (rails) enclosing a paneled area. |
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Term
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Definition
| Has flat, smooth surface with edges butted together or joined with a reveal or batten strip |
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Term
| How are panels installed? |
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Definition
| Cleats or Z clips are attached to the wall & a corresponding cleat or clip is attached to the back of the paneling. The panel is then lifted into place. |
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Term
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Definition
| item of fixed length such as a door or window casing that can be installed with a single length of wood |
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Term
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Definition
| Item of continuing length such as baseboard, hair rail, or cornice |
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Term
| How is standing & running trim generally fabricated & installed? |
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Definition
| usually custom fabricated in a mill shop & installed on the job site |
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Term
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Definition
| Comes in standard profiles & sizes, ordered by # & installed as finish carpentry item rather than millwork item |
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Term
| What is the advantage of standing & running trim: |
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Definition
| It can be custom fabricated in almost any profile & dimension needed & any wood species. When an unusual profile is needed, the mill shop custom cuts a die uesed to plane down the wood stock to desired size & profile |
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Term
| What is the disadvantage to wood molding? |
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Definition
| It is only available in a few wood species & limited to standard profiles |
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Term
| What are some specialty items to be detailed & constructed? |
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Definition
| tables, desks, fabric wrapped panels, built in shelving, furnture, bars, display cases, & counters |
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Term
| What material besides wood can be incorporated into specialty millwork construction? |
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Definition
| metal, tile, glass, leather, and fabric |
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Term
| What should construction drawings show? |
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Definition
| technically correct ways of meeting the functinal requirements of the design: constructing partitions, building architectural woodwork, distributing electricity, providing safe finishes, & satisfying many other concerns |
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Term
| What drafting concerns must be addressed for construction drawings? |
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Definition
| sheet size to use, makeup of the title block, & how individual sheets are organized |
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Term
| What does drawing sheet size depend on? |
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Definition
| the typical size of the office's projects, the filing systems used, the capabilities of reproduction & plotting equipment, & client requirements . Goal is to draw a floor plan on one sheet wo/dividing plan into sections |
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Term
| What 3 systems could standard drawing sheet sizes be based on? |
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Definition
| architectural, ANSI, & ISO. Each size given letter designation |
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Term
| What drawing sheet size system does the federal government require projects to use? |
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Definition
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Term
| What info should title blocks contain? |
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Definition
| info specific to each sheet, such as sheet #, sheet name, revision dates. Could contain general notes & keynoting info. Space for professional stamps. |
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Term
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Definition
| note placed in title block or elsewhere on drawing sheet w/ an identifying # that is used in the field of the drawing itself. Instead of mkaing lengthy note next to item it annotates, uses a # that refers to list of keynotes. Keynote # can be coordinated w/ specification #s |
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Term
| Where are title blocks usually placed? |
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Definition
| along the full length of the right side of the sheet. Info placed way sheet is normall viewed, or widthwise |
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Term
| Where can you find guidelines for sheet organization? |
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Definition
| Uniform Drawing System of the Construction Specification Institute |
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Term
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Definition
| used on drawings to confine the actual drawing wi/a set area. Originally needed to allow for imperfections in reproducing drawings from originals |
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Term
| What do borderlines account for today? |
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Definition
| fact that most plotters can't plot to the exact edges of paper. |
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Term
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Definition
| righ, top, & bottom edges are 1/2" or 3/4" wide & left, binding edge is about 1 1/2"wide |
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Term
| What does the exact size of the module depend on? |
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Definition
| office standards, size of drawing sheet, & home much of sheet is allotted for the borderline width & the title block. Each module usually 6" square |
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Term
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Definition
| placing particular info ono separate layers (or levels) in CAD. Allows info to be shown or hidden so that several drawings can be developed from 1 computer file of info |
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Term
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Definition
| framing plans, major structural sections, detail sections, & connection details |
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Term
| Interior designers role w/structural dwgs: |
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Definition
| Based on info from structural engineer, designer incorporates the exact sizes of structural members in the interior design details, to coordinate construction details & make sure that sufficient space provided for construction, clearances, tolerances, & finishes |
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Term
| What structurally is generally shown on interior design dwgs? |
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Definition
| only overall outline of structural walls & framing. Elevations for tops of beams, structural walls, & floors are shown |
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Term
| Mechanical & plumbing dwgs: |
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Definition
| locations of mechanical equipment; layout of ductwork, pipes, fixtures, & other major components; plumbing isometrics; details of mechanical room layouts;details, such as ductwork connections & pipe support; & equipment schedules |
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Term
| When are mechanical & plumbing items shown on interior design dwgs? |
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Definition
| where they interface w/other construction |
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Term
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Definition
| power plans, lighting plans, telecommunication plans, signal & security systems, 1-line diagrs, & transformer, equipment, & fixture schedules |
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Term
| what type of info should electrical dwgs contain? |
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Definition
| exact circuiting of lighting & power outlets, including # & sizes of conductors in each conduit, sizes of conduits & home runs to panel boxes |
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Term
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Definition
| graphic indication (using arrowhead & # of circuits) that the line on the dwg connecting lights or outlets is connected to particular circuit breakers in a particular electrical panel box |
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Term
| what elements of electrical dwgs shown on interior design dwgs? |
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Definition
| those needed for coordination |
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Term
| Code review & permitting process: |
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Definition
| designer's plans & specifications are submitted to the local buildig department & reviewed, a permit is issued, & inspections are performed during the construction of the project |
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Term
| Whe must the designer work with the local building department during design of project? |
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Definition
| when there are unusual aspects of project taht aren't clearly defined by the buidling code or when alternate designs or materials are being proposed |
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Term
| When designer presents proposed design w/ specific questions, what guidance can building department give? |
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Definition
| opinions on likely requirements designer's plans must meet to be acceptable to building department when formally submitted |
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Term
| Who is required to submit documents (completed dwgs & specifications) to the local building department? |
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Definition
| The contractor. BUT in some cases, building owner or registerd design professional may submit permit application, submittal usually done by licensed contractor |
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Term
| Authority having jurisdiction (AHJ): |
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Definition
| refers to local building department |
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Term
| What happens after plans submitted to AHJ? |
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Definition
| documents reviewd by 1 or more plan examiners. Local fire marshal may also review plans. If found to be acceptable they are stamped & 1 set issued back to contractor, who must keep copy @ job site |
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Term
| Who is responsible for making sure project design complies w/all codes & regulations? |
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Definition
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Term
| When will AHJ issue building permit? |
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Definition
| after all requirements met. must be displayed @ job site. Only then can construction begin |
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Term
| Why does AHJ make on site inspections as construction proceeds? |
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Definition
| to ensure that project being built according to code requirements of construction documents & complies w/ applicable building code. Made @ specific times during construction |
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Term
| What are some of the different types of inspections made? |
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Definition
| plumbing, mechanical, & electrical, & final inspection. Contractor responsible for calling for inspections @ appropriate times to not delay work |
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Term
| When should framing inspection be done? |
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Definition
| before both sides of partitions are covered & verifies that partitions are built correct. Rough electrical & rough plumbing inspections can also be done to confirm work inside partitions correctly performed |
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Term
| When are mechanical inspections done? |
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Definition
| when equipment roughed in |
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Term
| When are wallboard inspections done? |
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Definition
| after all wallboard is up, but before finishing, to verify that all walls & fire-rated partitions are constructed correctly |
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Term
| What does the final inspection look at: |
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Definition
| finishes, final electrical, & final plumbing. Items such as glazing, handrails, door installation, & other elements goverened by code also inspected |
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Term
| What happens after final inspection made? |
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Definition
| certificate of occupancy (CO) issued by AHJ. Sometimes called a letter of occupancy or a use & occupancy letter -allows client to occupy space |
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Term
| Temporary certificate of occupancy: |
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Definition
| allows clients to occupy a portion of space while remainder is completed. Will only issue if there is no danger w/ partial occupancy |
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Term
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Definition
| formal process which a request made in writing stating reasons designer feels proposed design meets the intent of code |
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