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| What does FF&E stand for? |
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Definition
Furniture, Fixtures, and Equipment |
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Definition
| Material Safty Data Sheets |
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Name 5 groups that broadly classify the selection of materials and finishes |
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Definition
| Function, durability, maintainability, safty/health, and cost |
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| The Noise Reduction Coefficient, which is the average of a material's absorption coefficents at the four frequencies of 250, 500, 1000, and 2000 Hz, rounded to the nearest multiple of .05. |
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Term
| Acoustic Qualities of a material refers to...? |
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Definition
| Acoustic Qualities of a material relates to the material's ability to absorb sound or to block the transmission of sound. For most finish materials, sound absorption is the more important criteria and is typically measured in the noise reduction coefficent |
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Definition
| The ability of a material or finish to resist being worn away or rubbed with another object. This can be meausred according to several standard test methods. |
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Definition
| This is the method by which one material is connected to another. This criterion can hae a significant influence on product selection, depending on substrate. |
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| The capability of a material to resist adhesion or sticking between two surfaces of a wall covering. |
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| This refers to the load that when placed on a material, is just great enough to break the material. |
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Definition
| A material's resistance to damage, change of finish, or other delesterious changes resulting from exposure to chemicals. Because there are so many possible combinations of chemicals and finishes most manufacturers specifically state which chemicals their products are resistant to. |
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Definition
| This refers to the ability of a thin coating, like wall covering or paint to adhere to its substrate. |
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Definition
| This is the resistance of coated or decorative surfaces to cracking when they are exposed to low temperatures. |
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Definition
| The resistance of a finish to change or loss of color when exposed to light, most commonly the ultraviolet light of the sun. |
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Definition
| A products resistance to deterioration by a chemical or electrchemical reaction resulting from exposure to moisture, chemicals, or other elements. |
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Definition
| A material's resistance to the transfer of color from a wallcovering surface when rubbed |
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Definition
| The measure of how well a product is assembled in the factory. Each industry establishes their own measure of quality. |
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Definition
| A wall covering's resistance to the deterioration caused by high temperatures over an extended time. |
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Definition
| The ability of paint or other finishes to resist loss of color when exposed to sunlight. It is similar to color fastness. |
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Definition
| A material's ability to be cleaned repeatedly with a brush and detergent |
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Definition
| A decrease in dimension when a material is exposed to moisture. This characteristic is most typically applied to fabrics. |
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Definition
| A general criterion referring to the inherent ability of a product to withstand any loads that may be placed on it. This may be as simple as the ability of one part of a detail to support the weight of another part of a detail, or a complex as the ability of a product or detail to withstand complex gravity and wind loads that may require a structural engineer to calculate |
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Term
| Tear Resistance or Tear Strength |
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Definition
| The resistance of a thin material, like fabric, to the propagation of an existing tear. |
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Definition
| A material's ability to be cleaned repeatedly when a sponge and detergent solution, to remove surface dirt. |
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Definition
| A material's capacity to recover its original size and shape after deformation caused by some load. This is typically applied to soft floor coverings material, such as vinyl tile, but may also be important consideration for wall covering materials. |
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Definition
| A material's ability to return to its original configuration after it has been deformed or temporarily changed. It is similar to resilience but may apply to any type of product. |
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Definition
| This relates to the surface and edge condition of products. There should be no sharp projections, edges, or suraces rough enough to cut or abrade when people come in contact with the product. |
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Definition
| The likelihood that a material will combust, is one of the most important criteria for material and finish selction. The material is rated in terms of flame spread, smoke development, and fuel contributed. The most common test developed for flame spread and smoke is the Steiner tunnel test, ASTM E 84. Other tests are also available and may be required by the local building department. |
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Term
| Mold and Mildew Resistance |
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Definition
| This is important to a prevent the growth of these microscopic organisims. Many materials inherently susceptible to the growth of this substance because they provide an organic nutrient that, when combined with moisture and suitable temperatures, will provide a medium for these biological contaminants. |
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Definition
| The release of toxic gasses from materials, most commonly after the material has been installed. This includes formaldehyde, chlorofluorocarbons (CFC's), and other listed on the EPA's list of hazardous substances. This is the most important component of indoor air quality. |
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Definition
| _________ is providing protection against theft, vandalism, international physical harm, or a combination of all three. If _________is an important aspect of a design, material and product selection can be evaluated in these terms. |
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Definition
| The ability of a flooring material to help prevent accidental slipping. It is commonly measured with the coefficient of friction (COF). Although both the IBC and ADA require flooring to be slip resistant, there are no specific requirements for the COF or any other measure. |
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Term
| Volatile Organic Compound (VOC) Emissions |
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Definition
| This results when chemicals that contain carbon and hydrogen vaporize at room temperature and pressure. They are found in many indoor sources such as paint, sealants, and carpeting. |
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Term
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Definition
| The entire cost of a product over its life or of the building and includes the initial cost, maintenance costs, energy costs, financing costs, and replacement costs |
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Definition
| The initial amount of money required to purchase and install a product. |
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Definition
| This annual publication is a multivolume catalog of catalogs organized according to the Construction Specification Institue's (CSI's) MasterFormatTM Numbering system. It also is available in CD-ROM. |
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Term
| The American Society for Testing and Materials (ASTM) |
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Definition
An organization that publishes thousands of test procedures that prescribe, in detail, such things as how the test apparatus must be set up, how materials must be prepared for the test, the length of the test, and other requirements. If a product manufacturer has one of its materials successfully tested, it will indicate what tests the material has passed in its product literature. |
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Term
| American National Standards Institute (ANSI) |
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Definition
| A well-known organization in the filed, but unlike the other standard groups, it does not develop or write standards. Instead, it approves standard developed by other organizations and works to avoid duplications between different standards. |
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Term
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Definition
| Furniture, Fixtures and Equipment describes freestanding interior components that are not physically attached to the construction and that are usually purchased under a separate contract. |
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Term
| What are the three basic categories of furniture? |
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Definition
1. Ready-made 2.Custom-designed 3. Built-in |
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Term
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Definition
| This is purchased from a selection of standard products of a paticular manufacturer. The specifier usually has some choice of fabric types, fabric colors, and wood finishes, but the selection is limited to what is available on the market. |
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Term
| Custom-Designed Furniture |
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Definition
| This allows the designer and client to get exactly what they want, buty the burden of correctly designing the piece, having it manufactured, and being responsible for its ultimate quality is placed on the designer. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is custom designed but as the name implies, it becomes part of the architectural construction of the project. This type of furniture usually makes more efficient use of space and is often less expensive than ready-made furniture for the same function, and its design is usually more consistent with the architectural appearance of the space. |
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Term
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Definition
| Obtained from the fleece of shee, this is one of the best natural bibers for all types of fabrics, including carpet. Although indiviual fibers are relatively weak, this is compensated for by the yar's excellent resilience. Resilience is especially important for drapery and upholstery because creases and crimps fall out easily for a smooth appearance. This has excellent elasticity and wears well. |
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Term
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Definition
| This fiber is a cellulosic fiber that comes from the seed hairs of the cotton plant. it is relatively inexpensive and has a good tensile strenght and moderately good abrasion resistance. However, this fiber has poor resilience and recovery properties, and it degrades under prolonged sunlight exposure. |
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Term
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Definition
| This fiber is made from the fibers of the flax plant. It is a bast fiber, meaning it is derived from the stalk of a plant, like jute, ramie, and hemp. This fiber is seldom used for upholstery because it lacks resilience and flexibility and is suceptible to abrasion. It also does not take printed dyes very well. |
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Term
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Definition
| This fiber is obtained from fibers spun by silkworm larvae. It is very strong and has good resilience and flexibility. The finish and luster of it is generally highly valued, but it is very expensive and degrades in sunlight. |
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Term
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Definition
| This fiber is a regenerated cellulosic fiber. It has very poor resistance to sunlight and poor resiliency. It has high absorbency, low resistance to water and moisture, and is flammable. It is seldom used for upholstery. |
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Term
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Definition
| This fiber is a regenerated clulosic fiber composed of cellulose, acetic acid, and other chemicals. Although low in cost, it is flammable and does not wear well. Like rayon, in its unmodified state in has poor sunlight resistance. |
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Term
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Definition
| This fiber is one of the most popular synthetic fibers. It is exceptionally strong with high resiliency and elasticity. It is resistant to many chemicals, water, and microorganisims. Some of the first nylons were not resistant to sunlight, and had shiny appearance, but these problems can now be compensated for by chemical formulations. |
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Term
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Definition
| This fiber is often used as a replacement for wool because of its appearance. It has moderately good strenght and resilience and is very resistant to sunlight but can be flammable. |
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Term
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Definition
| This fiber is inexpensive and highly resistant to chemicals, mildew, and microorganisims. It is highly resilient and nonabsorbent. Its desirable qualities make it useful for carpeting and carpet backing but its low resistance to sunlight heat, and flame makes it undesireable for most upholstery fabrics. |
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Term
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Definition
This classifies proprietary fibers that many manufacturers have developed to meety specific needs. For example, Avora® FR is a polyester yarn that uses modified polymer so it is permanently flame resistant regardless of wear or number of washings. In addition, fabrics made with this fiber are easy to clean, abrasion resistant, creas proof, and dimensionally stable, and they do not retain odors or support bacteria. Another example is Crypton®, which is an engineered fabric made by a patented process of immersion in a chemical solution followed by a heat set to form a durable coating on the face. It is then given a polyurethane chemical spray on the back. GoreTM seating protection is an upholstery fabric lamination and treatment process that applies a breathable moisture barrier to the back of a fabric and topical coating to the front of the fabric. |
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Term
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Definition
| This fiber has many desireable qualities including good resilience and elasticity, hight resistance to solvents and other chemicals, and good resistance to sunlight. Although it has undesireable burning properties, it can be treated to make it more flame resistant. However it tends to absorb and hold oily materials. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ____________of a fabric includes resitance to abrasion, fading, staining, and other mechanical abuses as well as its cleanability. |
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Term
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Definition
| This is one of the most important considerations for fabric selection, especially in public areas like waiting rooms, hospitals, or theaters. Some fabrics are inheretly more flame resistant than others, but nearly any fabrica can be treated with various chemicals to enhance its resistance to ignition and smoldering. |
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Term
PBDE Poly-brominated Diphenyl Ethers PentaBDA & DecaBDA |
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Definition
A flame retardant class used in furniture, textiles and other building materials and comes in various types. _______is used in furniture and carpeting and _________is used in textiles and electronics. |
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Term
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Definition
| This characteristic is a fabric's ability to retain its shape and fit over sushioning without sagging, wrinkling, stretching, or tearing. A fabric should be resilient enough to return to its original shape after being deformed by use. |
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Term
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Definition
| Secures the fabric to the cusion in parallel rows. |
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Term
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Definition
| A fabric-covered cord sewn into the seam of upholstery for ornamental purposes or to improve the durability of the covering. |
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Term
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Definition
| The applicationof fabric to furnitureso that there are no intermediate seam details. This is also used when vertical stripes on the fabric to furniture so that there are no intermediate seam details. |
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Term
Vertical Ingnition Test Standard Methods of Fiire Tests for Flame-Resistant Textiles and Films NFPA 701 |
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Definition
This standard establishes two procedures for testing the flammability of drapweries, curtains, or other window treatments. The standard defines two test procedures that are used to assess the propagation of flame beyond the area exposed to an ignition source. Test 1 provides a procedure for assessing the response of fabrics lighter than 21oz/yd2 individually and in multilayer composites. Test 2 is for fabrics weighing more than 21 oz/yd2 such as fabric blackout linings, awnings, tents, and similar architectural fabric structures and banners. The test are appropriate for testing materials that are exposed to air on both sides. A sample either passes or fails the test. The equivalent test is UL 214, Test for Flame Propagation of Fabrics and Films. |
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Term
Cigarette ignition resistance test of furniture components Standard Methods of Test and Classification System for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Components of Upholstered Furniture NFPA 260 |
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Definition
This standard tests the resistance of upholstered furniture components, separately, to flame and cigarette ignition. This standard, also known as CAL TB 117 (State of California Technical Bulletin 117), tests individual components (fabric and fillings) of upholstered furniture for resistance to cigarette ignition as well as flame. Separate fill materials such as expanded polystyrene beads, cellular materials, feathers, nonartificial filling, and artificial fiber filling are tested seperately for a variety of characteristics. This test is also similar to ASTM E 1353. |
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Term
Cigarette ignition resistance test of furniture composites Standard Test Method for Cigarette Ignition Resistance of Mock-Up Upholstered Furniture Assemblies NFPA 261 |
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Definition
Summary: This standard tests the resistance of a seat cushion mock-up (including foam, liner, and fabric) to a lightened cigarette. Discription: This test, similar to CAL TB 116 and the Business and Institutional Manufacturers Association (BIFMA) X5.7, is used to evaluate the cigarette ignition resistance of upholstered furniture by using a mock-up. It determines how the composite material (padding and covering) reacts to a lighted cigarette. The mock-up includes vertical and horizontal surfaces meeting at a 90° angle. The cushion fails the test if breaks into flames or if a char more than 2 in (50) long develops. It is not intended to measure the performance of upholstered furniture under conditions of exposure to open flame. The BIFMA standard classifies fabrics into class A, B, C, or D, with class A being the most resistant to charring. |
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Term
Full Seating Test Standard Method of Test for Fire Characteristics of Uphostered Furniture Exposed to Flaming Ignition Source NFPA 266 |
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Definition
Description: This test evaluates the effect of an open flame on an actual sample of a chair This test, similar to CAL TB 133, evaluates the responseof an actual sample of furnitureto an open flame. During the test, several measurements are made, including the rate of heat and smoke released, the total amount of heat and smoke released, the concentration of carbon oxides, and others. The most important measurement is the rate of heat release, which quantifies the intensity of the fire generated. This is one of the strictest tests for furniture and is required in many states. |
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Term
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Definition
| Material remaining from incomplete combustion |
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Term
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Definition
| The property of a material or assembly to withstand fire or give protection from it. |
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Term
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Definition
| Capable of burning with a flame, and subject to easy ignition and rapid flaming comustion. |
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Term
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Definition
| The ability to withstand flame impigement or give protection from it |
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Term
| Flame-Retardant (or Fire Retardant) |
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Definition
| As an adjective it should only be used as a modifier with defined compound terms such as flame-retardant treatment. Flame retardant and fire retardant as nouns should not be used unless they are describing a chemical used for that purpose. |
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Term
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Definition
| Combustion without flame that may burn for a relatively long time while generating smok, toxic gases, and heat. |
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Term
Wyzenbeek Abrasion Resistance Test Standard Test Method fro Abrasion Resitance of Textile Fabrics (Oscillatory Cylinder Method) ASTM D4157 CCFA-1, The Wyzenbeek Method |
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Definition
| Summary: This test determines the abrasion resistance of woven textile fabrics |
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Term
Taber Abraser Test Standard guide for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Rotary Platform, Double-Head Method) ASTM D3884 CFFA-1 The Taber abraser method |
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Definition
| Summary: This test determines the abrasion resistance of textiles, most commonly of carpet. |
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Term
Marindale Abrasion Test Standard Test Method for Abrasion Resistance of Textile Fabrics (Martindale Abrasion Tester Method) ASTM D4966 |
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Definition
Summary: This test determines the abrasion resistance of textile fabrics, generallywith a pile depth of less than 0.08 in. Description: The Martindale Test is similar to the Wyzenbeek Test. |
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Term
Fade-Ometer®Test Colorfastness to light AATCC Test Method 16 |
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Definition
Summary: This test determines the color fastness, under light exposure, of textile materials using six different test options. The most common test option uses a xenon-arc lamp with continuous light. |
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Term
Crocking Resistance Test Colorfastness to Crocking:AATCC Crockmeter Method AATCC Test Method 8 |
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Definition
| This test determines the resistance of a colored textile to transfer its color from its surface to other surfaces by rubbing. |
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Term
Tearing Strength Test, Tongue Method Standard Test Method for Tearing Strenght of Fabrics by the Tounge (single rip) Procedure (Constant-Rate-of-Extension Tensile Testing Machine) ASTM D2261 |
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Definition
| This test measures the tearing resistance of fabrics after an initial cut has been made in the fabrics. |
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Term
Bacterial Resisance Test Antibacterial Activity Assessment of Textiles Materials: Paralell Streak Method AATCC Test Method 147 |
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Definition
| This test detects bacteriostatic activity on textile materials. |
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Term
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Definition
What fabric would have the best appearance for the longest time when used in theater seating? A) Vinyl B) Wool/Nylon blend C) Acrylic/acetate blend D) cotton/rayon blend |
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Term
A) High Density Foam A waiting area with high usage would benefit from a firmer cusion. Cotton batting and low-density polyurethane do not meet this requirement. Also, any material with a lo ILD (indietation load deflection) implies a soft cushion |
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Definition
What type of cushioning would be best for a hospital waiting room? A) High Density Foam B) Cotton Batting C) Combustion modified foam with low ILD D) low density polyurethane |
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Term
C) Durability, cost, then Design Because institutional furniture takes much abuse and must last a long time, its durability is important. This suggest option C or D because quality can be cosidered a measure of durability. However, cost is usually an important factor in furniture selection for this type of client so option C is the best |
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Definition
In what order or importance should tables for a college library be selected? A) Flammability, design, then comfort B) Finish, Flammability, then design C) Durability, cost, then design D)Quality, Comfort, then finish |
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Term
D) Welt Cording Options B and D Create the greatest hazard, However, welt cording provides the most likely condition where a cigarette could lodge and start a fire. |
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Definition
Which seaming would be least appropriate for seating where cigarettes are likely to be dropped? A) Channeling B) Buttoning C) Railroading D) welt cording |
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Term
B) Ignite Although Class A fabric chars the least of the four classifications, it still does char but will not ignite. |
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Definition
A Class A fabric will not A) Char B) ignite C) Smolder D) produce smoke |
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Term
B) Wyzenbeek and Fading There are two ways of selecting the best option for this question. One of the most important tests for this application would be for wearability. This includes Wyzenbeek and Taber test, so Option A is eleminated. Because only one wearablilty test would be needed, this eliminates option C. An indentation load deflection test for cusioning and the question asks about the fabric only, so this elimenates option D. |
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Definition
What performance tests should be specified for a custom-blended fabric to be used in a recreation center reception area? A) Flammability and Fade-Ometer B) Wyzenbeek and Fading C) Taber and Wyzenbeek D) indentation load deflection and Taber |
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Term
C) Draperies This question referst ot the Vertical Ignition Test or NFPA 701. The question may be presented as FR701 designation Standard Methods of Fire Tests for Flames Propagation of Textiles and Films, which establishes testing procedures for window treatments. |
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Definition
NFPA 701 relates to which of the following items? A) Wallcoverings B) Fabrics C) Draperies D) floor coverings |
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Term
A) Shorten the lenght of the fabric Of the possible choices, option A is the most correct because it implies that the amount of fuel would be reduced, regardless of the fabric material, whether or not it was fire-retardant treated, or what type of weave it had. |
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Definition
How can a drapwery treatment be changed to minimize its hazard during a fire? A) Shorten the lenght of the fabric B) Use an open-weave fabric C) Increase the amount of fabric D) Use a composite fabric |
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Term
B) Cushioning and surface fabric Althoughchemical retardants and interliners are important considerations in upholstery flammability resistance, the combination of surface fabric and cushioning has the greatest affect. |
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Definition
What most affects the flammability of upholstery? A) Type fo chemical retardant used B) cushioning and surface fabric C) surface fabric and interliner D) surface fabric |
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Term
C) Rayon Rayon is one of the least desireable fabrics in general and specifically has very poor resistance to fading from sunlight. |
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Definition
If you were specifying the fabric for sofas in a sunroom, which would be LEAST desireable choice? A) Polyester B) modacrylic C) Rayon D) acrylic |
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Term
D) Channeling Because channeling is a method of attaching fabrics to a cushion and direct attachment is the best way to avoid slippage. |
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Definition
The best way to avoid fabric slippage over a cushion would be to specify A) a heavy fabric pulled tightly over the cushion B) a high-density foam cushion with interliner C) rounded corners with welts D) channeling |
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Term
B) Not burn A fire-retardant (or flame-retardant) treated fabric may ignite, but it will not support burning. Note that the term fire retardant is use as an adjective. |
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Definition
When a fabric has been fire-retardant treated, it will A) Resist ignition B) not burn C) contribute to smoke inhibition D) have a lower flame spread |
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Term
D) VOC Emissions For any environment, but especially a healthcare facility, volatile organic compounds emissions should be limited, and these can be found in paint and many other materials. Option A is incorrect because if abrasion resistance were an important consideration, some material other than paint should be used. Option Bi si incorrect because for most areas of a hospital chemical staining is not a problem. Option Ci si incorrect because paint is so thin that it is not regulated; rather the substrate would need to be flame resistant. |
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Definition
When selecting paint for a hospital, which of the following criteria is most important? A) Abrasion Resistance B) Chemical Resistance C) Flammability D) VOC emissions |
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Term
A) Through ASTM Astm is the American Society for Testing and Materials and is the organization that writes the majority of standards used in the US. Although ASTM standards can be researched and purchased on the internet, option B is too vague to be an accurate option. Option C is incorrect because the Construction Specifications Institute does not write or distribute standards. Option D is incorrect because the Sweets Catalog is a source of product data not standards information |
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Definition
Information regarding standard test methods for evaluatig a product can be found A) through ASTM B) on the internet C) at CSI D) in Sweets Catalog |
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Term
D) Wool Wool is the most fire resistant natural fiber. Cotton is the most flammable uless it is treated. |
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Definition
The most naturally fire-resistant untreated fabric is A) Acrylic B) Cotton C) Nylon D) Wool |
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Term
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Definition
Of the following list, which fabric is most resistant to fire? Wool Silk Modacrylic nylon olefin polyester acrylic acetate cellulosic fibers (cotton, linen, rayon) |
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Term
| cellulosic fibers (cotton, linen, rayon) |
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Definition
Of the following list, which fabric type is most flammable? cellulosic fibers (cotton, linen, rayon) acetate acrylic polyester olefin nylon modacrylic silk wool |
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Term
| Neopren, and combustion modified polyurethane |
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Definition
Of the following list of padding types, which is most resistant to cigarette ignitition and small flame? - Neoprene, and combustion modified polyurethane
- Polyester batting
- smolder-resistant and flame-resistant polyurethane foam
- smolder-resistant and flame-resistant cellulosic batting
- Mixed fiber batting
- untreated polyurethane foam
- cellulosic batting
- latex foam (ready used)
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Term
Density- The mass per unit volume. The greater the density, the greater the support. However, a high-density foam does not necessarily provide a firm cushion Firmness- and this is called the indentation load deflection (ILD). It is also called the indentation force delfection (IFD) Support Ratio- This is the ratio of the force required to compress a foam sample to 65% of its original thickness to the force required to compress the sample to 25% of its original thickness (the normal ILD rating) |
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Definition
| What are the three performance criteria when selecting foam cushioning? |
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Term
| Generally, high support rations are from 2.25 to 4.0 and should be used for medical, institutional, and assembly seating. |
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Definition
| What is considered a high support ratio for firm seating? |
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Term
AATCC Test Method 16 This test determines the colorfastness, under light exposure, or textile materials using six different test options. The most common test option uses a xenon-arc lamp with continuous light. |
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Definition
What is the agency and test number and summary for the Fad-Meter®? |
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Term
AATCC Test Method 8 Determines the resistance of a colored textile to transfer its color from its surface to other surfaces by rubbing |
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Definition
What is the summary and test number from the Crocking Resistance test? |
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Term
| ASTM D2261 This test measures the tearing resistance of fabrics after an initial cut as been made |
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Definition
| What is the summary, Agency and test number for Tearing Strength test, toungue method? |
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Term
ASTM D4257 This test determines the abrasion resistance of woven textile fabrics |
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Definition
| What is the summary, agency and test number for the Wyzenbeek abrasion resistance test? |
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Term
ASTM D3884 This test determines the abrasion resistance of textiles, most commonly of carpet |
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Definition
| What is the summary, Agency and number for the Taber abraser test? |
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Term
AATCC Test Method 147 The test detects bacteriostatic activity on textile materials |
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Definition
What is the summary, agency and test number for the Bacterial resistance test? |
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