Term
| What are the three maternal scan planes? |
|
Definition
1. Sagittal
2. Transverse
3. Coronal |
|
|
Term
| What are the three fetal scan planes? |
|
Definition
1. Sagittal
2. Transverse or transaxial
3. Coronal |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| long axis of the fetus compared to the long axis of the uterus. |
|
|
Term
| what is fetal presentation? |
|
Definition
| fetal part closest to the cervix |
|
|
Term
| what is normal presentation? |
|
Definition
| longitudinal lie with the head first |
|
|
Term
| fetal lie where head is closest to the cervix |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| anything other than normal presentation is considered what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the most common malpresentation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| breech with hips flexed and knees extended is... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| breech with both hips and knees flexed is.... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| breech with one or both hips and knees flexed is... |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| when the cord enters the cervical os during vaginal delivery. |
|
|
Term
| Thalamic view is also know as what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| fold of dura mater dividing cerebral hemispheres |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| partial falx is associated with what? |
|
Definition
holoprosencephaly
and
hydranencephaly |
|
|
Term
| elongated oval shaped head |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| lemon shaped head is associated with what abnormality? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| cloverleaf shaped head is associated with what abnormality? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what do the choroid plexus produce? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the superior and inferior structures to the BPD |
|
Definition
superior stucture is the ventricular atrium
inferior stuctures are the orbits and cerebellum |
|
|
Term
what is a triangular reservoir between the frontal horns of the lateral ventricles?
|
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does presents of the cavum septi pellucidi rule out? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what does the thalamus provide? |
|
Definition
| a synopsis between cerebrum and posterior brain |
|
|
Term
| what is in between the two thalami? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a fused thalami associated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the falx cerebri? |
|
Definition
| fold of dura mater dividing cerebral hemispheres |
|
|
Term
| when does the cranium begin ossification? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which bones make up the lateral cranium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what orientation is the frontal bone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which bone is the posterior portion of the skull? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is absent in anencephaly and exencephaly? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what shape is normal shape for the cranium? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what term refers to an elongated oval shaped head? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what term refers to a more round shape head |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what view is at the level of the atrium of the lateral ventricle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is glomus of choroid plexus? |
|
Definition
| where the walls of the ventricle become parallel |
|
|
Term
| lateral ventricles are reservoirs for what? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| when do most cysts in the choroid plexus disappear? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| larger cysts in the choroid plexus that do not regress are associated with which Trisomy? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| which view is taken in the transaxial scan plane angled towards posterior fossa of fetal brain? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are the main structures of interest in the posterior fossa view? |
|
Definition
| cerebellum and cisterna magna |
|
|
Term
| which portion of the brain assists in balance? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is the middle connection of the cerebellum called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what is a reservoir for CSF behind the cerebellum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| a banana shaped cerebellum is associated with what? |
|
Definition
| abnormalities that put traction on the spinal cord |
|
|
Term
| what should the cerebellum measure? |
|
Definition
| 1 mm per week of gestation |
|
|
Term
| in what abnormality is the vermis of the cerebellum small or absent? |
|
Definition
| Danny-Walker malformation |
|
|
Term
| cerebellum hemispheres should have no fluid between them after what week? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| what are average cisterna magna measurements? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| an abnormally large cisterna magna exceeds what measurement? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What can an enlarged cisterna magna be associated with? |
|
Definition
| Dandy-Walker malformation |
|
|
Term
| What is Megacisterna magna and what Trisomy is it associated with? |
|
Definition
| Trisomy 18, includes large cisterna magna with intact cerebellar vermis. |
|
|
Term
| What is an obliterated cisterna magna associated with? |
|
Definition
| spina bifida and Arnold Chiari type II malformation. |
|
|
Term
| What will not be present behind the cerebellum if there is an obliterated cisterna magna? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What causes spina bifida and Arnold Chiari type II malformation? |
|
Definition
| traction of hind-brain towards skull |
|
|
Term
| What observations should be made of the fetal face? |
|
Definition
| Forehead, Eyes, Nose, Lips and Palate, Tongue, Mandible |
|
|
Term
| How is the fetal forehead best seen? |
|
Definition
the fetal profile
(sag. scan of the face) |
|
|
Term
| What is the fetal forehead assessed for? |
|
Definition
abnormally prominent forehead
(frontal bossing) |
|
|
Term
| What is frontal bossing associated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What about the fetal eyes are assessed? |
|
Definition
| the distance between orbits |
|
|
Term
| Which plane is used when assessing fetal eyes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two diameters should be measured on fetal orbits? |
|
Definition
outer to outer orbital diameter OOD
inner orbital diameter IOD |
|
|
Term
| What should the fetal orbit measurements be compared to? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| fetal orbits are too close |
|
|
Term
| what is hypotelorism associated with? |
|
Definition
| Trisomy 13 or holoprosencephaly |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Fetal orbits are too far apart |
|
|
Term
| what is hypertelorism associated with? |
|
Definition
|
|
