Term
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Definition
Refers to the number of times a woman has been pregnant
(includes current pregnancy) |
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Term
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Definition
| Refers to the number of live births a woman has had. |
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Term
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Definition
Expected date of delivery
(EDC, Expected date of confinement also refers to delivery date)
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Term
| What is an abortion in the first trimester refered to as? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is a spontaneous abortion? |
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Definition
| pregnany loss caused by natural or unanticipated events. |
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Term
| What is recurrent spontaneous abortion? |
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Definition
Two consecutive or three total spontaneous abortions
(aka habitual abortion) |
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Term
| Most pregnancy failures occur during which week of gestation? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is elective abortion? |
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Definition
| intentional termination of pregnancy |
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Term
| What is Gestational age based on? |
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Definition
| first day of last menstrual cycle(LMP) |
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Term
| What is embryologic age based on? |
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Definition
time of conception
(GA-2 weeks) |
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Term
| What do serum (blood) pregnancy tests check for? |
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Definition
| amount of beta subunits of the hormone hCG |
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Term
| What types of cells produce hCG? |
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Definition
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Term
| Are serum pregnancy tests qualitative on quantitative? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are the two quantitative lab tests developed to detect hCG in maternal blood? |
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Definition
1. Second International Standard
2. International Reference Preparation |
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Term
Which serum test has a higher value;
2nd IS or IRP? |
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Definition
IRP
(twice the value of 2nd IS) |
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Term
| What is a discriminatory zone? |
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Definition
the threshold amount of hCG present at which there should be sonographic evidence of a gestational sac.
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Term
| What is the discriminatory zone for 2nd IS with endovaginal imaging? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the discriminatory zone for IRP with endovaginal imaging? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are hCG elevational rates during the first 6 weeks of normal pregnancy? |
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Definition
| HCG levels double approximately every 48 hours. |
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Term
| What effect does ectopic pregnancy have on hCG? |
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Definition
| will cause hCG levels to plateau or rise at a subnormal rate |
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Term
| What effect does abortion have on hCG levels? |
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Definition
| will cause hCG levels to fall to 0 |
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Term
| What effect does gestational trophoblastic neoplasia have on hCG levels? |
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Definition
| will cause excessively high levels of hCG |
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Term
| Are urine pregnancy tests considered qualitative on quantitative? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| EDD = LMP - 3 Months + 7 Days |
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Term
| What stimulates ovarian follicular development? |
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Definition
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Term
| What stimulates endometrial repair? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the endometrial thickness during early proliferative phase? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the thickness of an endometrium during the late proliferative phase? |
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Definition
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Term
| During normal 1st trimester, weeks 1 and 2 are considered what phase? |
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Definition
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Term
| Weeks 3 and 4 are considered what during normal first trimester? |
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Definition
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Term
| Ovulation usually occurs on which day LMP? |
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Definition
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Term
| what stimulates ovulation? |
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Definition
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Term
| After ovulation, what does the ruptured follicle turn into? |
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Definition
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Term
| What hormone is responsible for preparing and maintaining a secretory endometrium? |
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Definition
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Term
| What are secretions from endometrial glands rich in? |
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Definition
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Term
| What nourishes the embryo for the first 11 weeks? |
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Definition
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Term
| What nourishes the embryo after 12 weeks? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is the relative thickness of a secretory endometrium? |
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Definition
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Term
| The endometrium of pregnancy is referred to as what? |
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Definition
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Term
| when does fertilization take place? |
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Definition
| 12-24 hours after ovulation |
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Term
| where is the most common site for fertilization to occur? |
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Definition
| in the ampulla of the fallopian tube |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| what does the zona pellucida prevent? |
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Definition
| more than one sperm from entering the conceptus |
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Term
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Definition
| a solid ball of about 18 cells |
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Term
| when does the morula enter the uterus? |
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Definition
| approximately day 17 (GA) |
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Term
| A fluid filled cyst with a clump of cells at one end |
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Definition
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Term
| Approximately how long does the blastocyst float in the uterine cavity before it implants? |
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Definition
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Term
| What does the inner cell mass of the blastocyst become? |
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Definition
| the embryo, yolk sac, and amnion |
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Term
| the bilaminar disk is what? |
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Definition
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Term
| the outer cells of the blastocyst become what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Implantation occurs during which days LMP? |
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Definition
| between 20-23 days LMP or 6-7 days post fertilization. |
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Term
| What does the blastocyst shed before it begins implantation? |
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Definition
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Term
| The trophoblastic cells of blastocyst burrow into what? |
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Definition
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Term
| Trophoblastic cells produce what hormone? |
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Definition
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Term
| the outer membrane surrounding the gestational sac |
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Definition
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Term
| what attaches to the endometrium and becomes the fetal side of the placenta? |
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Definition
chorion frondosum
(early chorionic villi) |
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Term
| which portion of the chorion is not involved in implantation? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the maternal component of the placental attachment? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the layer of endometrium that heals over the implanted gestational sac? |
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Definition
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Term
| endometrium that is not in direct contact with the gestational sac is called what? |
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Definition
decidua vera
(parietalis) |
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Term
| which two decidua layers create an echogenic rim known as the double decidual sign (DDS)? |
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Definition
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Term
| Development of amnion, yolk sac, and primitive chorionic villi occur around what days LMP? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where does the amnion form? |
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Definition
| between the bilaminar disk and chorion |
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Term
| what size amnion might be seen around 5.5 weeks gestation? |
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Definition
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Term
| what sign is called when the tiny amnion is seen adjacent to the yolk sac. |
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Definition
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Term
| around 8 weeks gestation will amnionic membrane be in contact with the chorion? |
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Definition
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Term
| by 14-16 weeks the amniotic membrane fuses with what? |
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Definition
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Term
| when does the primary yolk sac form? |
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Definition
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Term
| when does the secondary yolk sac form? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is the first structure that should be visable in the gestational sac? |
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Definition
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Term
| what are 4 functions of the yolk sac? |
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Definition
1. Transfer nutrients
2. Hematopoiesis
3. Angiogenesis
4. Formation of digestive tract |
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Term
| what duct connects the embryonic midgut to the yolk sac? |
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Definition
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Term
| which portion of the yolk sac is incorporated into embryo as primitive gut? |
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Definition
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Term
| which portion of the yolk sac is incorporated into the umbilical cord? |
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Definition
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Term
| what should a yolk sac measure? |
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Definition
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Term
| is an echogenic yolk sac normal? |
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Definition
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Term
| the functional unit of the placenta |
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Definition
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Term
| the process of converting the bilaminar embryonic disk into a trilaminar disk |
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Definition
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Term
| when does gastrulation begin and end? |
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Definition
begins during implantation
complete by the beginning of week 5 |
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Term
| what three layers make up the trilaminar disk? |
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Definition
| endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm |
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Term
| when does the primitive cardiovascular system begin to form? |
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Definition
| immediately after gastrulation is complete |
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Term
| When does the heart begin to beat? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is considered a normal heart rate for fetus |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| formation of the neural tube |
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Term
| what must close to form neural tube? |
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Definition
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Term
| when should the neural tube be completely closed? |
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Definition
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Term
| embryonic period are what weeks? |
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Definition
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Term
| substances that can disrupt normal fetal development |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Describe midgut herniation |
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Definition
| intestines herniate into base of umbilical cord. |
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Term
| what time frame does midgut herniation take place? |
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Definition
| intestines herniate around week 8 and return to abdominal cavity around week 12 |
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Term
| when should organogenesis be complete? |
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Definition
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Term
| which weeks are the conceived considered fetal pole? |
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Definition
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Term
| which weeks are the conceived considered embryo? |
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Definition
| from 6 weeks through 10 weeks |
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Term
| which weeks are the conceived considered fetus? |
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Definition
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Term
| in early gestation how much does a gestational sac grow per day? |
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Definition
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Term
| when is CRL most accurate? |
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Definition
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Term
| how much does an embryo grow during first trimester? |
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Definition
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Term
true or false:
an empty gestational sac or intrauterine fluid collection should not be declared a definite IUP until a yolk sac is identified. |
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Definition
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Term
| when should a yolk sac be evident? |
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Definition
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Term
| yolk sac must be seen when MSD measures greater than what? |
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Definition
8mm endovaginal
or
16mm transabdominal |
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Term
| the embryo must be identified when the MSD is greater than what? |
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Definition
16 mm endovaginal
or
25 mm transabdominal |
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Term
| when must cardiac activity be identified? |
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Definition
| if the embryo measures greater than 5 mm in length or 7 weeks. |
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Term
| head and trunk are distinguishable at what week? |
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Definition
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Term
| Rhombencephalon will be apparent in the posterior fetal brain during what weeks? |
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Definition
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Term
| when is measurement of the nuchal translucency performed? |
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Definition
| between 11-14 weeks gestation |
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Term
| what is a normal thickness for a NT? |
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| an abnormal number of chromosomes resulting in a chromosomal abnormality |
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Term
| what does Trisomy 21 indicate? |
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Definition
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Term
| What scanning techniques does an accurate NT measurement require. |
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Definition
*Spine Down
*Magnified Image(head, neck, thorax)
*fetal neck in neutral position
*skin and amnion clearly separate
*measure inner to inner perp. to long axis of fetus
*image optimized to clarify borders of nuchal space. |
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