Term
| WHAT DOES THE BILIARY TREE AND LIVER DEVELOP FROM, EMBRYOLOGY? |
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Definition
| THE EMBRYOLOGICAL FOREGUT ENDODERM OF THE HEPATIC DIVERTICULUM. |
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE THREE SEGMENTS OF THE GALLBLADDER? |
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Definition
1)FUNDUS-CLOSED, DISTAL PORTION
2)BODY-BETWEEN THE FUNDUS AND NECK
3)NECK-TAPERED PORTION CONNECTED TO THE CYSTIC DUCT |
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Term
| IS THE GALLBLADDER INTRAPERITONEAL, RETROPERITONEAL, OR EXTRAPERITONEAL? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT ARE THE LAYERS OF THE GALLBLADDER IN ORDER FROM THE OUTERMOST TO THE INNER LINING? |
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Definition
1) SEROSAL LAYER
2) SUBSEROUS LAYER
3) MUSCULAR LAYER
4) INNER EPITHELIAL MUCOSAL LAYER |
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Term
| IN WHICH LAYER OF THE GALLBLADDER MAY THE ROKITANSKY-ASCHOFF SINUSES ENLARGE? |
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Definition
SEROSAL LAYER
(OUTERMOST LAYER)
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Term
| WHICH LAYER OF THE GALLBLADDER CONTRACTS POST PRANDIAL? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT HORMONE CAUSES THE GALLBLADDER TO CONTRACT? |
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Definition
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Term
WHAT ARE THE NORMAL SIZES OF THE GALLBLADDER IN AN ADULT
(LONGITUDINAL AND TRANSVERSE) |
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Definition
LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 12 CM LONG.
LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 4 CM TRANS.
**(SOME TEXTS USE LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 10 CM LONG.)** |
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Term
| WHAT SHOULD THE AP MEASUREMENT OF THE TRANSVERSE GALLBLADDER WALL BE? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS THE NORMAL GALLBLADDER MEASUREMENT OF AN INFANT LESS THAN 1 YEAR OF AGE? |
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Definition
*1.5 cm - 3 cm LONGITUDINAL
*LESS THAN OR EQUAL TO 1.2 cm TRANSVERSE |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE NORMAL GALLBLADDER MEASUREMENT IN A CHILD AGES 2-16 YEARS? |
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Definition
*3 cm - 7cm LONGITUDINAL
*1 cm - 3 cm TRANSVERSE |
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Term
| THE NECK OF THE GALLBLADDER BEARS A FIXED ANATOMIC RELATIONSHIP TO WHAT TWO STRUCTURES IN THE LIVER? |
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Definition
| THE MAIN LOBAR FISSURE AND THE RIGHT PORTAL VEIN |
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Term
| WHAT SHOULD BILIARY RADICALS MEASURE? |
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Definition
| LESS THAN 40% OF THE CORRESPONDING PORTAL VEIN |
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Term
| HOW TO BILE DUCTS USUALLY LIE TO THE CORRESPONDING PORTAL VENOUS TRUNK? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT TWO DUCTS JOIN TO BECOME THE COMMON BILE DUCT? |
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Definition
| THE COMMON HEPATIC DUCT AND THE CYSTIC DUCT |
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Term
| DOES THE CBD COARSE ANTERIOR OR POSTERIOR THROUGH THE HEAD OF THE PANCREAS? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHERE DOES THE CBD JOIN THE MAIN PANCREATIC DUCT? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT PORTION OF THE DUODENUM DO THE DUCTS ENTER? |
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Definition
| THE SECOND PORTION OF THE DUODENUM |
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Term
| IS THE CBD MEDIAL OR LATERAL TO THE HEPATIC ARTERY? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT 3 VESSELS MAKE UP THE PORTAL TRIAD? |
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Definition
| THE CBD, PORTAL VEIN, AND HEPATIC ARTERY |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE MEASUREMENT OF THE TRANSVERSE CYSTIC DUCT? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS THE AVERAGE LENGTH OF THE CYSTIC DUCT? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHERE ARE THE SPIRAL VALVES OF HEISTER LOCATED? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS A HARTMAN'S POUCH? |
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Definition
PORTION OF THE GALLBLADDER BETWEEN THE JUCTIONAL FOLD AND THE NECK
(COMMON PLACE IN WHICH GALLSTONES COLLECT) |
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Term
| WHAT IS A JUNCTIONAL FOLD? |
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Definition
| IT IS A FOLD IN THE GALLBLADDER BETWEEN THE BODY AND NECK. |
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Term
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Definition
| IT IS A FOLD IN THE GALLBLADDER BETWEEN THE BODY AND THE FUNDUS |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE MOST COMMON NORMAL VARIANT OF THE GALLBLADDER? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS A MULTISEPTATED GALLBLADDER? |
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Definition
| RARE MULTILOCULATED GALLBLADDER LUMEN CONNECTED BY SMALL PORES |
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Term
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Definition
| COMPLETE ABSENCE OF THE GALLBLADDER |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE PERCENTAGE OF GALLBLADDER AGENESIS? |
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Definition
| RARE, ONLY OCCURS IN .04% - .07% OF CASES |
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Term
| WHAT IS HYPOPLASIA ASSOCIATED WITH? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS TOTAL DUPLICATION OF THE GALLBLADDER? |
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Definition
| A GALLBLADDER WITH TWO SEPARTATE LUMENS AND TWO SEPARATE CYSTIC DUCTS |
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Term
| WHAT IS SUBTOTAL DIVISION OF THE GALLBLADDER? |
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Definition
| A GALLBLADDER WITH TWO SEPARTATE LUMENS AND ONE CYSTIC DUCT |
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Term
| WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF A GALLBLADDER? |
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Definition
| TO CONCENTRATE AND STORE BILE |
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Term
| WHAT IS BILE COMPOSED OF? |
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Definition
| BILE SALTS, CHOLESTEROL, AMINO ACIDS, AND CONJUGATES OF STERIOD HORMONES |
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Term
| WHAT ARE FAT SOLUABLE VITAMINS? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT HAS TO BE PRESENT FOR VITAMINS A D E AND K TO BE ABSORBED INTO THE BLOODSTREAM? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS STIMULATED WHEN FOOD ENTERS THE DUODENUM? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT DOES UNCONJUGATED/INDIRECT BILIRUBIN INDICATE? |
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Definition
A PREHEPATIC OR HEPATIC ABNORMALITY
(DISEASED LIVER) |
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Term
| WHAT DOES CONJUGATED/DIRECT BILIRUBIN INDICATE |
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Definition
A POSTHEPATIC EXCRETION ABNORMALITY
(OBSTRUCTION) |
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Term
| WHAT IS CHOLEDOCHOLITHIASIS? |
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Definition
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Term
| WHAT IS AN INCREASE OF SERUM ALKALINE PHOSPHATASE(ALP) TYPICALLY AN INDICATOR FOR? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which Liver Function test confirms hepatic source of elevated ALP? |
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Definition
| Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase |
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Term
| What is release into the blood stream when liver cells, skeletal, or cardiac muscle tissue is injured? |
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Definition
AST and ALT
Aspartate aminotransferase and Alanine aminotransferase |
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Term
| Increased serum levels of AST and ALT suggest what? |
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Definition
| active primary liver disease especially in the acute stage. |
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Term
| What is used to diagnose liver disease before jaundice occurs? |
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Definition
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Term
| Which remains elevated longer in liver disease? AST or ALT? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is used to assess jaundice? |
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Definition
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Term
| Prothrombin time (clotting time) is usually lower in patients with what disorders? |
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Definition
a. subacute or acute cholecystitis
b. internal biliary fistula
c. Carcinoma of the gallbladder
d. injury to the bile ducts
e. prolonged extrahepatic bile duct obstruction |
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Term
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Definition
| pain with transducer pressure over the gallbladder. |
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Term
| what are some indications for a gallbladder examination? |
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Definition
| *RUQ pain *positive Murphy's sign *pain to right shoulder or scapula *nausea *vomiting *loss of appetite *intolerance to fatty foods and dairy *jaundice |
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Term
| How long should someone fast before a gallbladder examination? |
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Definition
| at least 6 hours prior to study |
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Term
| which transducers are best for a gallbladder examination? |
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Definition
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Term
| What positions should you image the gallbladder |
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Definition
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Term
| If normal, the gallbladder should be what echogenecity? |
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Definition
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|
Term
| what is the normal shape for a gallbladder? |
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Definition
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Term
| what should the wall of the gallbladder measure? |
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Definition
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Term
| superior to the head of the pancreas, the portal vein lies immediately anterior to what? |
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Definition
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Term
| superior to the head of the pancreas, what is anterolateral to the portal vein? |
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Definition
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Term
| Inferiorly, is the CBD anterior or posterior? |
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Definition
| posterior coursing dorsal to the head of the pancreas. |
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Term
| The distal CBD is best seen where? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is measured on bile ducts? |
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Definition
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Term
| what is a normal measurement of the CHD? |
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Definition
| less than or equal to 5 mm. |
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Term
| What is a normal measurement of the CBD? |
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Definition
| less than or equal to 7 mm |
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Term
| 1 mm is added to the measurement of the distal common bile duct for what age? |
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Definition
| 1 mm for each decade over 60 years. |
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Term
| normal post cholecystectomy measurements are... |
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Definition
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Term
| normal CBD measurement for a Neonate |
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Definition
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|
Term
| normal CBD measurement for infant to 1 year |
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Definition
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|
Term
| normal CBD measurement for older children |
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Definition
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Term
| how can you tell the portal vein and hepatic artery from bile ducts? |
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Definition
| with color doppler, the bile ducts will have an absence of blood flow(no color) |
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