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NCEA level 3 CHEM thermochemistry terms
New Zealand NCEA LEVEL 3 CHEM
46
Chemistry
Not Applicable
10/19/2021

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Term
Atomic Number (z)
Definition
The number of protons found in the nucleus of an atom
Term
Atomic orbital
Definition
A region within an atom that an electron can occupy
Term
Atomic radius
Definition
A measure of the size of an atom. The distance between the nucleus and the outermost electrons.
Term
Bond Dipole
Definition
Charge separation in a covalent bond created by the different electronegative of dissimilar atoms
Term
Electron configuration
Definition
The arrangement of electrons in the orbitals of an atom
Term
Electronegativity
Definition
The relative ability of an atom within a covalent bond to attract the shared electrons
Term
Expanded octet
Definition
Refers to the lewis diagrams of molecules where the central atom has more than eight electrons in its valence shell.
Term
Hydrogen bond
Definition
The Intermolecular attraction between polar molecules occurs when a Hydrogen(H) atom bonds to a highly electronegative atom such as N, O, or F.
Term
Ionic radius
Definition
A measure of the size of an ion. The distance between the nucleus and the outermost electrons.
Term
Ionization energy
Definition
The minimum amount of energy required to remove the outermost electrons.
Term
Lewis Diagram
Definition
Diagrams that show the bonding between atoms of a molecule.
Term
Molecular Dipole
Definition
A molecule that has a region with a permanent partial positive charge of equal magnitude.
Term
Permanent Dipole
Definition
The intermolecular attraction between Polar molecules, created by the presence of polar covalent bonds and the asymmetric shape of the molecule.
Term
Phase change
Definition
A change of state eg. from solid to liquid.
Term
Polar covalent bond
Definition
A type of chemical bond where a pair of electrons is unequally shared between two atoms.
Term
Polyatomic ion
Definition
A charged chemical species having two or more atoms covalently bonded together.
Term
Sub shell
Definition
one or more orbitals in the electron shell of an atom with the same energy level.
Term
Temporary dipole
Definition
The weakest intermolecular force between molecules that are created by the temporary uneven distribution of negative charge (electrons) in the molecule.
Term
ΔrH°
Definition
This is the amount of energy heat absorbed or released in a reaction
Term
ΔcH°
Definition
This is the change in enthalpy when one mole of an reactant is reacted with oxygen in a combustion reaction under standard conditions.
Term
ΔfHº
Definition
This is the change in enthalpy when one mole of a substance, under standard conditions, is formed from pure elements.
Term
ΔfusH°
Definition
The amount of energy required to change 1 mole of a substance from a solid to a liquid at the substance's melting point.
Term
ΔvapH°
Definition
The amount of energy required to change 1 mole of a substance from a liquid into a gas at the substance's boiling point.
Term
ΔsubH°
Definition
The amount of energy required to change 1 mole of a substance from a liquid into a gas at the substance's sublimation point.
Term
Sublimation
Definition
A solid that goes straight to a gas when melted.
Term
Calorimeter
Definition
A piece of equipment used to measure the heat energy absorbed or released during a reaction.
Term
Enthalpy
Definition
The amount of heat content in a chemical system. Measured in kJmol^-1. Chemists are usually more interested in [image]H
Term
Entropy
Definition
Describes the amount of order (or disorder) within a substance or chemical system. Given the symbol of S.
Term
Gibb's free energy
Definition
Predicts spontaneity of a reaction. Takes into consideration both the enthalpy and entropy changes
Term
Heating curve
Definition
A graph of temperature vs time for a substance where energy is added at a constant rate.
Term
Hess's law
Definition
Used to calculate the enthalpy of a reaction. Hess's law states that the enthalpy change is independent of the path taken.
Term
Latent heat
Definition
The heat energy that is released or absorbed in the changing of the state of a substance
Term
Spontaneous reaction
Definition
A reaction that occurs outside of intervention
Term
Standard conditions
Definition
25[image]C or 298.15K and 101kPa
Term
Linear
Definition
[image]
Term
Trigonal Planar
Definition
[image]
Term
Bent 3 regions
Definition
[image]
Term
Tetrahedral
Definition
[image]
Term
Trigonal Pyramidal
Definition
[image]
Term
Bent 4 regions
Definition
[image]
Term
Trigonal Bipyramidal
Definition
3 sides, two pyramids [image]
Term
See Saw
Definition
[image]
Term
T shaped
Definition
[image]
Term
Octahedral
Definition
8 faces[image]
Term
Square Based Pyramid
Definition
[image]
Term
Square planar
Definition
[image]
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