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Definition
| alternative pairs of genes found on the other side of the base pair. |
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Definition
| the percentage of a population of a species that carries a particular allele on a given chromosome locus. |
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Definition
| the parts of non-sister chromatids cross over a point called the chiasma |
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Definition
| variation in traits where types are distributed in a continuous rather than into discrete categories. |
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Term
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Definition
| during miosis, homologous chromosomes can swap parts of chromosomes (genes) breaking up gene variation that was inherited together. |
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Definition
| containing two complete sets of chromosomes, one from each parent. |
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Definition
| Variation within a population in which few or no phenotypes fall between the extremes. |
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Definition
| a reproductive cell having the haploid number of chromosomes, especially a mature sperm or egg. |
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Term
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Definition
| a sequence of DNA that occupies a specific location on a chromosome and determines a particular characteristic in an organism. |
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Definition
| the total sum of different alleles in an interbreeding population. |
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Definition
| variation in the allele frequency or genome between members of species, or between groups of species. |
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Term
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Definition
| a cell that contains a single set of unpaired chromosomes. (eg. in humans, the gametes are haploid as they contain 23 unpaired chromosomes). |
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Term
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Definition
| capable of being passed from one generation to the next. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of random segregation and assortment of chromosomes during miosis resulting in the production of genetically unique gamates. |
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Term
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Definition
| The position that a given gene occupies on a chromosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of cell division in sexually reproducing organisms that reduces the number of chromosomes in reproductive cells from diploid to haploid. |
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Term
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Definition
| an agent, such as a chemical, ultraviolet light, or a radioactive element, that can induce or increase the frequency of mutation in an organism. |
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Term
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Definition
| A permanent change in the base sequence of DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| A genetically determined characteristic or condition. |
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Term
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Definition
| The separation of paired alleles or homologous chromosomes, especially during meiosis, so that the members of each pair appear in different gametes. |
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Term
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Definition
| Any cell of the body that is not a sexually reproductive cell (e.g. a gamete). |
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Term
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Definition
| Each of two or more alternative forms of a gene that arise by a mutation and are found at the same place on a chromosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| A condition in which an individual who is heterozygous will express the phenotypes associated with both alleles. |
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Term
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Definition
| A genetic cross between individuals with different alleles for two gene loci. |
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Term
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Definition
| used to denote the generation/generations after the parental generation. |
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Term
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Definition
| the set of alleles that determines the expression of a particular characteristic or trait. |
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Term
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Definition
| an individual with two different alleles for a single trait. |
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Term
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Definition
| an organism, or cell that contains two dominant alleles for a single trait |
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Term
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Definition
| an organism, or cell that contains two recessive alleles for a single trait |
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Term
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Definition
| a relationship between alleles of a single gene, in which one allele masks the phenotypic expression of another allele at the same gene locus. |
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Term
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Definition
| Alleles that cause an organism to die when present in homozygous condition. |
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Term
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Definition
| genes that are inherited together with the other gene(s) as they are located close together on the same chromosome. |
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Term
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Definition
| a genetic cross using a single trait with two alleles. |
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Term
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Definition
| three or more alleles for a particular gene. The presence of multiple alleles is best illustrated by the ABO blood groups of humans. |
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Term
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Definition
| the set of observable characteristics of an individual resulting from the interaction of its genotype with the environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| when 2 organisms with identical genotypes produce an organism with the same traits (i.e. both parents are homozygous for a particular trait) |
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Term
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Definition
| a cross between an organism whose genotype for a certain trait is unknown and an organism that is homozygous recessive for that trait. |
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Term
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Definition
| a gradual process in which different kinds of living organisms have developed from earlier forms. |
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Term
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Definition
| the reduced genetic diversity which results when a population is descended from a small number of colonising ancestors. |
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Term
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Definition
| the process of change in the genetic characteristics in the genetic makeup of a species. |
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Definition
| a sharp reduction in the size of a population due to environmental events (such as earthquakes, floods, fires, droughts, human activities or a mixture of some). |
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Term
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Definition
| the process whereby organisms better adapted to their environment tends to survive and produce more offspring. |
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