Term
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Definition
| outlines policies that guide researchers who use human subjects |
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Term
| three types of research questions |
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Definition
relational: examine relationship btw variables
descriptive: examines/describes what already exists
causal: det. cause/effect relationship |
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Term
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Definition
testable statement involving expected relationships btw two or more variables
can be directional or non directional |
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Term
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Definition
| a statement that there is no relationships btw IV and DV |
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Term
| Alternate hypothesis (H1) |
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Definition
| developed in order to be eliminated and address the question "what else cld be causing the results?" |
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Term
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Definition
| when a decision is made to reject the null when it is actually true |
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Definition
| decision made to retain the null when it is actually false and shld be rejected |
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Term
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Definition
| sampling a known population |
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Term
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Definition
| accessing samples of convenience |
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Term
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Definition
| every nth element is chosen, ex. every 10th person on a natl registry of school counselors is chosen |
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Term
| stratified random sampling |
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Definition
| population is divided into subgroups based on impt characteristics, draw randomly from the subgroups |
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Term
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Definition
| counselor ids existing subgroups instead of indl participants |
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Term
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Definition
| participants are not aware of the condition to which they have been assigned |
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Term
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Definition
| neither researchers nor the participants knows if the participants belong to the experimental grp or the control grp |
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Term
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Definition
| changes in the DV are due to the effects of the IV, the degree to which extraneous variables can be controlled strengthens a study's internal validity |
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Term
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Definition
ability to generalize the results of a study to a arger group
two types:
population external validity (involves the population to which one can generalize
ecological external validity (involves the conditions or settings to which one can generalize) |
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Term
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Definition
| a new treatment produces positive results just bc it is novel to participants |
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Term
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Definition
| bias of the investigator influences participants responses |
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Term
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Definition
| professional counselor's subjective (usually positive) perceptions of the participant are generalized to other traits and characteristics |
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Term
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Definition
| the presences of the investigator affects participants responses independent of any intervention (sometimes call reactivity) |
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