Term
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Definition
Name of Test
| Tests for
| Pos.
| Neg.
| Brown Paper
| Lipids
| Translucent
| Opaque
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Term
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Definition
-Archaebacteria
-Eubacteria
-Protista
-Fungi
-Plantae
-Animalia
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Term
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Definition
| A rather large and complex cell type that contains membrane bound organelles |
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Definition
| A small and simple cell type that does not contain a nucleus |
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Definition
- Archaebacteria
- Eubacteria
- Eukarya
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Term
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Definition
| 6CO2 + 6H2O -> C6H12O6 + 6O2 |
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Term
| Example of Archaebacteria |
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
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Definition
| Scientific Classification |
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Term
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Definition
| Scientific Classification based on Evolution |
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Term
Three Principles of the Theory of Natural Selection
(Evolution) |
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Definition
- Variations in any population already exist prior to selection
- There is a struggle to survive. (Nature selects the fittest.)
- The physical characteristics (adaptations) that helped the organisms to survive get passed down to the next generation.
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Term
| Steps in the scientific method |
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Definition
- Observe and/or master background knowledge
- Question
- Formulate a testable/falsifiable guess answer (hypothesis) to your question
- Analyze all the possible variables that may affect your result
- Establish the proper controls on those variables
- Test your hypothesis using a well-controlled experiment
- Record observations and data
- Analyze the data
- Establish conclusions<
br>
- Publish to inform and invite comment by other scientists
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Term
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Definition
| The study of the interrelationships between and among living organisms and their physical environment |
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Definition
| All the organisms and their interrelationships that affect the ecosystem that they inhabit |
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Definition
| All the non-living factors in an ecosystem. |
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Definition
| an organism's "place" in the ecosystem, in other words the organism's interrelationships between it and it's ecosystem |
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Definition
| The vertical relationships between living organisms that eat and are eaten. |
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Definition
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Definition
| The maximum capacity of an ecosystem to sustain a population of organisms without crashing over a long period of time. |
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Term
| What are the levels of organization? |
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Definition
-Cells
-Tissue
-Organ
-Organ System
-Organism
-Population
-Community
-Ecosystem
-Biosphere |
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Term
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Definition
| C6H12O6 + 6O2 -> 6CO2 + 6H2O |
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Term
| What are the five characteristics of life? |
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Definition
-Highly organized
-Obtain and use energy
-Grow and develop
-Reproduce
-Respond to Environment
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Term
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Definition
-ase means enzyme
-ose means sugar |
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Term
| What elements must be found in organic compounds? |
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Definition
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Term
| Covalent Bonding shares ... |
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Definition
Covalent bonding shares electrions to stablize molecules.
STRONGEST Bond! |
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Term
PH SCALE
-Ranges from..
-Acidic is..
-Basic is..
-Neutral is..
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Definition
-Ranges from 0 to 14
-Acidic is 0 tp 6
-Basic is 8 to 14
-Neutral is 7
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Term
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Definition
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Term
| Major Organelles of Eukaryotic Cells |
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Definition
| " - Nucleus: contains DNA
- Mitochondrion: burns sugar to produce ATP
- Chloroplast: harvests light to manufacture sugar
- Rough Endoplasmic Reticulum: manufactures proteins
- Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
- Golgi Apparatus: packages proteins and lipids for delivery
- Lysosome: digests material
- vacuole: contains water in a plant cell" |
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Term
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Definition
| A natural process in which materials move from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration. |
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Term
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Definition
| Diffusion across a semi-permeable membrane |
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Term
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Definition
| A solution that has a higher solute concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| A solution that has a lower solute concentration |
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Term
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Definition
| Cellular transport across the cell membrane that requires an expenditure of energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| Cellular transport across the cell membrane that does not requires cellular energy. |
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Term
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Definition
| protein machines that "catalyze" reactions |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins "melt" change shape when exposed to high heat and lose their function |
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Term
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Definition
| proteins change their shape when exposed to acid or base |
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Term
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Definition
| Cells burn glucose in the presence of oxygen and release CO2 as a waste product |
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Term
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Definition
| In the presence of oxygen, 36 ATP molecules can be synthesized as one glucose molecule is "burned." |
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Term
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Definition
| Without oxygen, only 2 ATP can be made, instead of CO2 being produced lactic acid or alcohol is made" |
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Term
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Definition
| When one DNA molecule is copied so that two daughter DNA molecules result |
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Term
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Definition
In DNA
A always pairs with T
G always pairs with C
In RNA
A always pairs with U
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Term
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Definition
| mRNA carries the genetic message out of the nucleus to the ribosomes where proteins are made. The sequence of codons in the mRNA specifies the sequence of amino acids in a protein. |
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Term
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Definition
| tRNA carries (transfers) the specified amino acids to a growing polypeptide chain specified by the codons in the mRNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| A ribosome is made up largely of ribosomal RNA and some protein. |
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Term
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Definition
| Three nucleotide code for an amino acid |
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Term
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Definition
binary division in bacteria
mitosis in multicellular organisms
both produce new daughter cells with the same DNA as the mother cell (in other words, they produce clones) |
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Term
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Definition
| allows for shuffling of genes. In diploid organisms, the process of meiosis reduces the number of chromosomes by half and produces sex cells called gametes (commonly known as sperm and egg cells) |
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Term
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Definition
| When the union of a sperm cell and an egg cell produces a new diploid individual |
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Term
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Definition
| A organism that was produced by sexual reproduction has two parents and therefore two sets of chromosomes (2N) |
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Term
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Definition
| Any cell that comes from a species that is diploid, but has half the normal number of chromosomes, or one set instead of 2 sets (N) |
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Term
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Definition
| Normal cellular division that produces clones |
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Term
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Definition
| Cellular division that reduces the number of chromosomes - produces gametes (sex cells) |
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Term
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Definition
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Term
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Definition
| Physical characteristics that are inherited |
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Term
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Definition
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Definition
| The physical appearance of an organisms that depend on the alleles inherited |
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Definition
| The two alleles that are inherited that determine trait |
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Term
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Definition
| An organism is said to be heterozygous when the two alleles for a given trait are DIFFERENT. |
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Term
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Definition
| An organism is said to be homozygous when the two alleles for a given trait are the SAME. |
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Term
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Definition
| A method of determining the probability of inheritance. |
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Term
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Definition
| An allele is said to be dominant, if the presence of just one allele produces the phenotype. |
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Term
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Definition
| An allele is said to be recessive, if two recessive allelles are required to produce the phenotype. |
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Term
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Definition
| A gene found on either the X or Y chromosome. If the gene is found only on the X chromosome and not on the Y, then all males with a defective X-linked gene will have a sex-linked genetic disease. Females on the other hand are carriers if they have one good X-linked gene and one defective X-linked gene |
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Term
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Definition
| Any DNA molecule that has been genetically engineered to include another gene. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of obtaining the sequence of nucleotides in a strand of DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| The three letter codons for each of the amino acids and the stop codoons. |
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Term
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Definition
| A technique used in gene engineering for producing genetically identical indivdiduals. |
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Term
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Definition
| A method used to size molecules - smaller molecules run more quickly down the gel |
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Term
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Definition
| A procedure involving the drawing up of amniotic fluid from the womb before birth in order to do genetic testing. |
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Term
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Definition
| A condensed from of DNA that appears during cellular division. |
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Term
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Definition
| During meiosis genetic material from homologous chromosomes may be transferred from one homolog to another. |
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Term
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Definition
| A pair of ""identical" chromosomes (one from the mother, one from the father). |
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Term
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Definition
| An ordered display of chromosomes that is used by genetic counselors to determine genetic defects. |
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Term
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Definition
| A group of organisms that are reproductively isolated from a larger population will most likely evolve into a different species over geological time as they adapt and survive in a isolated environment. |
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Term
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Definition
| After an extinction event, a single species will evolve into multiple species as they move out (radiate) into different environments. |
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Term
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Definition
| Vastly different species can adapt in similar ways due to environmental pressure. For example, the sea selects streamlined organisms with fins for manuvering under water. Thus all fish, sharks, penguins and dolphins have streamlined bodies even though they come from vastly different lineages. |
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Term
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Definition
| When two or more organisms evolve together. |
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Term
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Definition
| Thought to be a "leftover" from evolution. A body part that still exists in modern animals that is no longer needed, but had some survival advantage to an ancestors. Examples of these are found in whales who have the bones for rear legs, but do not use them. |
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Term
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Definition
| A compound that is deadly to bacteria and is usually used to treat diseases caused by bacteria. |
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Term
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Definition
| When bacteria survive antibiotics they are said to be antibiotic resistant. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process of obtaining the sequence of nucleotides in a strand of DNA. |
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Term
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Definition
| The process which inorganic nitrogen (N2 is "fixed" into a molecule that is suitable for use by living organisms. |
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Term
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Definition
| The two-name naming system (Genus species: Example Homo sapiens) |
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Term
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Definition
| A two cut (dichot - either/or) series of questions used to narrow down and identify the species. |
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Term
| Kings Play Cards On Fat Green Stools |
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Definition
Memory device for remembering classification order:
Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species |
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Term
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Definition
| In classification: Formerly the widest range of similar organisms, Eg. Animal Kingdom. |
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Term
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Definition
| In classification: the most specific (narrow) group of similar organisms |
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Term
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Definition
| In classification: a group of similar species |
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Term
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Definition
| Ribonucleic Acid - serves to carry information from the nucleus to the ribosome |
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