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| Chlorhexidine is what part of what pregnancy category ? |
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| Pregnancy Category A and examples |
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| No risk to pregnancy. Levothyroxine, potassium, ferrous sulfate |
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| Tylenol, ibuprofen, chlorhexidine, amoxicillin, insulin |
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| Animals studies show a risk to fetus but no human studies on women have been done ex. carbamexapine, Zoloft,fluoride, Tylenol #3 |
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| Evidence may cause fetal damage. Dilantin, teytracycline, valium, warfarin |
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| studies shown risk to fetus ex estrogen/progesterone |
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| describes what happens with the drug once it is in the patient. |
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| Drugs that are weak acids are usually absorbed by the |
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| Drugs that are weak bases are absorbed in the |
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| small intestine ex. erythromycin, codeine, morphine |
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| Local anesthetics are weak acids or bases? |
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| If a patient is taking erythromycin or codeine what should you remind them? |
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| Not to eat large amounts of fatty foods since it reduces the absorption of the drug |
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| What is a disadvantage of the oral route of administration? |
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| Must initially pass through the liver via the hepatic oral vein prior to reaching general circulation. This is called the first pass effect . |
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benzodiazepines are used to treat...
Examples are... |
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| anxious patients. These drugs induce amnesia, sedate, and reduce anxiety. ex. Valium, diazepam, triazolam, Xanax, Ativan |
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Barbiturates are used to treat anxiety but are also..
Examples? |
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| Anticonvulsant drugs. EX. phentoarbital- which is a longer-acting barbiturates |
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| Why are nonbarbiturtaes preferred for sedation? |
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| fewer side effects, such as less cardiac depression |
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| In what stage of anesthesia do you lose consciousness? |
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| Nociceptive pain vs Neuroapathic chronic pain |
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| Nociceptive pain arises from stimulus to tissue (injury) ex. tooth ache, pulpitis. Neuropathic pain usually has an unknown origin. ex trigeminal neuralgia |
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| Trauma to nerve fibers stimulates what enzyme? |
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| Phospholipase breaks down into what 2 paths? |
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| Arachidonic acid> cyclooxygenase or lipoxygenase |
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| Lipoxygenase breaks down into |
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| Leukotrines which are involved in allergic reactions. |
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| Cycloxygenase takes the path of |
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| Thromboxane, which is involved in clotting formation and Prostaglandings, which are involved in inflammation. |
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| Aspirin are Ibuprofen are |
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| non selective cox inhibitors |
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| What 2 medications result in blood thinning? |
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| Pregnant women can take aspirin and ibuprofen? T/F |
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| Which drug is indicated for the use of trigeminal neuralgia? What kind of drug is it? |
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| Carbamazepine (Tegretol). Anticonvulsant or antiepileptic. |
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| What opiod is used for heroin addiction? |
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| What are some adverse effects of codeine? |
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| Itching, respiratory depression, antitussive. |
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| Neuropathic pain responds well to what medications? |
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| Anticonvulsants, tricyclic antidepressents, topical analgesics |
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| Celecoxib (Celebrex) is what kind of med? What is contraindicated with its use? |
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| Selective NSAID. Sulfa drugs. |
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| Which substance is responsible for platelet aggregation? |
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| Augmentin is used to treat what kind of infection? What kind of antibiotic is it? |
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| Used to treat resistant strains of bacteria. It is amoxicillin + clavulanate |
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| Patient taking warfarin with metronidazole, erythromycin, and clarithromycin should be cautious of |
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| Increased INR levels resulting in increased risk for bleeding. |
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Metronidazole (Flagyl) is used for
Treats what conditions? |
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| strict or obligate anaerobic bacteria. Treats necrotizing periodontal diseases and aggressive forms of periodontitis, and peri-implant infections. |
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| Patients with Crohn's disease, pseudomembranous colitis, or ulcerative colitis should not be given |
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| Tetracylcines also affects host immune response by inhibiting the production of |
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| collagenase by cells in the body such as PMN'S |
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| Doxycycline 20 mg (pill)- generalized chronic perio |
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| Tetracycline should not be taken with hat foods? |
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| Doxycycline can cause what kind of ulcers? |
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| Esophageal ulcers. Patients are advised to drink with a full glass of water and not to immediately lie down. |
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| Chlorhexidine Gluconate 0.12% |
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| Is chlorhexidine positive or negatively charged? |
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| Bacterial cell walls are ___ charged. |
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| Chlorhexidine does what to bacterial cell walls? |
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| Lysis or breakage of the cell wall. |
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| How does chlorhexidine reduce plaque? |
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| Binds to pellicle on the tooth surface. |
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| Benefits of chlorhexidine usE? |
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| 30% of drug binds to oral tissues and the plaque on teeth, has antimicrobial activity for 8-12 hours, effective in plaque control in implants. |
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| Alcohol percent in original listerine? |
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| 2.5 mg chlorhexidine - released over 7-10 days |
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| 10% Doxycycline hyclate gel- 2 syringes that mixed together and injected into pocket |
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| Alcohol containing rinses such as listerine, peridex, perioguard should not be taken in patients using |
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RIPE
Rifampin
Isoniazid
Pyrazinamid
Ethambutol |
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| Rifampin does what to saliva? |
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| Causes it to become red/orange |
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| What do you do if patient is taking 2 different antibiotics for 2 different conditions? |
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| Space antibiotics apart a few hours |
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| What is the active ingredient in Atridox? |
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| Atridox is contraindicated in what kind of patient? |
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| What agent should not be used after chlorhexidine oral rinse? |
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| What is the percentage of alcohol in chlorhexidine? |
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| Another term for acute pseudomembranous candidiasis? |
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| What drug interacts with diflucan? |
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| Name 6 Bisphosphonate Drugs |
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1. alendronate (fosomax)
2. zoledronate (zometa)
3. clodronate (bonefos)
4. pamidronate (aredia)
5. ibandronate (Boniva)
6.risedronate (Actonel) |
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| What is the fluoride percentage of ACT or flourigard? |
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| Describe diureticS (water pills) |
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| Promote the excretion of sodium and water from the body which deceases fluid/blood volume and pressure. |
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| An example of thiazide diuretic is |
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| Thiazide diuretic is contraindicated in what patient ? Why? |
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| Diabetics. Increases blood glucose and decreases the effectiveness of anti diabetic drugs. |
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| What drug is contraindicated in patients taking hypertensive meds? |
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| What kind of drugs end in -olol |
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| What is the mechanism of action of beta blockers? How do they reduce BP? |
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| They block B1 adrenergic receptors which reduces cardiac output |
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| What are 2 selective beta blockers? |
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1. Tenormin (atenolol)
2. Lopressor (metoprolol) |
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| Name 2 non cardioselective beta blocker? |
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Inderal (propranolol)
Coreg (carvedilol_ |
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| name 4 calcium channel blockers |
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1. Nifedipine (Procardia_
2. Verapamil (Calan, Isotopin)
3. Amlodipine (Norvasc)
4. Diltiazem (Cardizem) |
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| Causes systemic vasodilation. Side effect is gingival enlargement and xerostomia. |
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| What kind of medications are the -prils? |
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| What is the mechanism of action for ACE Inhibitor? |
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| blocks production of angiotensin II, resulting in vasodilation. |
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| Ace inhibitors are ideal meds for what patient? |
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| Adverse reactions of ace inhibitors |
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| altered taste (dysgeusia) and orthostatic hypotension |
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| Cocaine is a CNS ____ and causes vaso__ and ___ of pupils. |
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| Coaine is a CNS STIMULANT and causes vasoconstriction and DILATION of pupils. |
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| Herion is an opioid drug causing CNS and respiratory ____ causes ____ and "__" pupils |
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| causes CNS and respiratory DEPRESSION and causes SEDATION and pinpoint pupils. |
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| Meth is a CNS ____. Abusers present with rampant caries, xerostomia, and soda consumption. |
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| Zyban (bupropion) is a _____ used to treat.... |
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| is an antidepressant used to reduce nicotine withdrawal. |
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| Chantix (varenicline) is also used to treat |
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| What drug is used treat an opioid overdose? |
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| Right ventricular heart failure is associated with? |
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| What drug is used to treat dry mouth? What kind of drug is it? |
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| Pilocarpine. Cholinergic Drug |
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| A patient on warfarin must consult their physician and get INR values not more than 72 hours before periodontal procedures. |
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| Anticholinergic drugs are used to decrease saliva flow. An example drug is |
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| Why should you avoid aspirin in children? |
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| Association with Reyes syndrome. Severe reaction of aspirin in sick children with chicken pox or flu. |
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| Acetaminophen is drug of choice for... (3) |
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1. Chiildren
2. Patients on anticoagulants (Coumadin)
3. Post-operative pain after perio treatment |
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| Methadone is used to treat |
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| If patient is allergic to amox, what kind of pre med is prescribed? |
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| What kind of drugs are -pams? |
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| Benzodiazepines- Antianxiety drugs. Cause CNS depression and sedation. Anticonvulsant, muscle relaxant |
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| Examples of benzodiazepines. (3) |
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1. Diazepam (Valium)
2. Lorazepam (Ativan)
3. Alprazolam (Xanax) |
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| How to calculate maximum dose with Lido. |
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Weight x MRD (110 x 3mg)
Now, divide total mg by the mg in 1 cart
330 mg/36 mg= 9 carts |
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| Which antidepressant do you avoid using epi with? |
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| Tricyclic Antidepressants. Ex. Elavil (Amitriptyline)- also cause sedation and xerostomia |
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| What anticonvulsant is used to treat trigeminal neuralgia? |
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| examples of drugs that treat congestive heart failure? |
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1. Digitalis
2. Lanoxin (digoxin) |
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| the length of time that a drug has an effect |
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| Combines with enodprhin receptors in the CNS, reversing the effects of opioid drugs. |
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| MRD for epi in a healthy patient is |
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| MRD for a patient with cardiovascular disease is |
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| Which organ plays the greatest role in absorption of orally administered meds? |
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| Absorbed in small intestine, metabolized in the liver, excreted in the kidneys. |
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| What is added to non prescription expectorants to produce a watery, les viscous mucous? |
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| There is a drug interaction with doxycycline and what anticonvulsant ? |
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| Phenytoin. It decreases doxycycline serum levels. |
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| What is a concern regarding patients taking insulin in regards to aspirin and nsaids? |
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| They increase hypoglycemic affects |
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| Thyroid gland produces what 2 hormones? |
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| Thyroxine (T4) AND levothyroxine |
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| Hypothyroidism is a result of |
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| deficiency in secretion of T4 & T3 |
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| Sweating, weight loss, nervousness, oversensitivity to heat, tachycardia |
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| cold intolerance, weakness, tiredness, fatigue, aches, pains, depression |
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| Radiocative iodine, beta blockers |
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| Levoxyl, Add to dictionary, Levothroid |
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| Hypothyroidism in adults is |
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| Hypothyroidism in children is |
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| Progesterone is usually combined with what drug in women with a uterus? |
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