Term
| What is the importance of the lecithin:sphingomyelin ratio? |
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Definition
| A ratio greater than 2.0 in fetal lung is indicative of fetal lung maturity |
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Term
| What is a common finding of sinusitis in diabetics? |
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Definition
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Term
| Where is ventilation most prominent in the lungs? |
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Definition
| Apex (Aerobic bugs love this place like Bacillis, Mycobacteria) |
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Term
| What is the complication of Sleep Apnea? |
|
Definition
| Pulmonary Hypertension - vasoconstrictive effects of chronic hypoxemia and respiratory acidosis |
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Term
| What is the Diagnosis if pregnant woman presents w/ pre-eclampsia in first trimester? |
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Definition
| hydatidiform mole (makes hight levels of HCG) |
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|
Term
| Where is surfactant made? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the pathogenesis of Respiratory Distress Syndrome in Newborns? |
|
Definition
| Atelectasis due to loss of surfactant |
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Term
| What is the last segment of lung tissue in which ciliated cells are found? |
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Definition
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Term
| What is more prominent at the base of the lungs? Vent. or Perf. |
|
Definition
| Perfusion (more blood at the bottom) |
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|
Term
| What is the advantage of the large surface area:volume ratio in erythrocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When does synthesis of surfactant begin? |
|
Definition
| 28th week and reaches production peak at 35 weeks |
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|
Term
| What is the function of pulmonary surfactant? |
|
Definition
| Lowers alveolar surface tension and Prevents atelectasis |
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|
Term
| How do you calculate the A-a gradient? |
|
Definition
| Alveolar PO2= 21%O2(Atm. P-47) – pCO2/0.8; A= (.21)(713)- 40/0.8); Usually A=100; A-a; a=95; normal A-a=5-30 |
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|
Term
| Where is surfactant stored? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| When is A-a gradient indicative of pulmonary pathology? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What process occurs when type I pneumocytes are damaged? |
|
Definition
| Type II pneumocytes develop into Type I |
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|
Term
| Where is ventilation most prominent in the lungs? |
|
Definition
| Apex (More oxygen less blood flow) |
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|
Term
| What is the last segment of lung tissue in which goblet cells are found? |
|
Definition
| Terminal Broncioles (remember ciliated cells sweep away mucous produced by goblet cells and therefore run deeper) |
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|
Term
| What is more prominent at the base of the lungs? Vent. or Perf. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which cell type lines the alveoli? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do infraction of the lung occur? |
|
Definition
| Lower lobes i.e. more perfusion |
|
|
Term
| What is the diagnosis of a child w/ Nasal Polyps? Test for? |
|
Definition
| Sweat Test, Cystic Fibrosis (CF) until proven otherwise |
|
|
Term
| What is the diagnosis of a child w/ Nasal Polyps? Test for? |
|
Definition
| Sweat Test; Cystic Fibrosis (CF) until proven otherwise |
|
|
Term
| Where do infactions of the lung usually occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for pulmonary surfactant? |
|
Definition
| DPPC (dipalmitoylphosphatidylcholine) |
|
|
Term
| Which cell type secretes pulmonary surfactant? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why does Mucor species prevail in sinusitis of Diabetic patients? |
|
Definition
| Ketoacidosis causes proliferation |
|
|
Term
| Risk factor for Laryngeal CA? |
|
Definition
| Smoking. Alcohol consumption has an synergistic effect. |
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|
Term
|
Definition
| Pursed lips, Pink-Puffer, increased compliance, problems exhaling. |
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