Term
| MHC I and II: What cells are they expressed on? |
|
Definition
| I: All nucleated cells except sperm. II: Antigen Presenting Cells |
|
|
Term
| What activates the alternative complement pathway? |
|
Definition
| Microbe surface molecules (especially endotoxin) |
|
|
Term
| What drug prevents mast cell degranulation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary function of a basophil? |
|
Definition
| Mediates allergic reactions |
|
|
Term
| What are 2 functions of T cell lymphocytes? |
|
Definition
| Cellular immune response and Regulation of B lymphocytes and macrophages |
|
|
Term
| What happens to T-cell precursors when they enter the thymus, and what are they called? |
|
Definition
| Once T-cell precursors acquire and display CD4 and CD8, they are cortical thymocytes. |
|
|
Term
| What immunoglobulin can bind to the membrane of a mast cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What activates the classic complement pathway? |
|
Definition
| IgG and IgM GM makes classic cars |
|
|
Term
| What releases Interferon gamma |
|
Definition
| Th1 cells (emphasized) and NK cells |
|
|
Term
| Where in the thymus are cells which are positive for both CD4 and CD8 located? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the process of degranulation in mast cells? |
|
Definition
| Release of histamine, heparin, and eosinophil chemotactic factors |
|
|
Term
| What is the most abundant type of Ig? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cell is the major mediator of a type 1 hypersensitivity reaction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary function of a plasma cell? |
|
Definition
| Production of large amounts of a specific antibody to a particular antigen |
|
|
Term
| Innate immunity vs adaptive immunity: How are receptors that recognize pathogens encoded? |
|
Definition
| Innate: Germline encoded Adaptive: Undergo VDJ recombination during development |
|
|
Term
| From which cells do B cells arise? |
|
Definition
| stem cells in bone marrow |
|
|
Term
| What is the primary phagocytic cell in acute inflammation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the 5 important causes for eosinophilia in humans? |
|
Definition
| Neoplastic, Asthma, Allergic process, Collagen vascular disease, and Parasites (pneumonic NAACP) |
|
|
Term
| Name the three types of leukocytic granulocytes. |
|
Definition
| basophils, eosinophils, and neutrophils |
|
|
Term
| Name the two types of mononuclear leukocytes. |
|
Definition
| lymphocytes and monocytes |
|
|
Term
| Which type of immunity do B cells exhibit? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cell contains myeloperoxidase and lysozyme? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percentage of T cells which enter thymus survive? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is MHC and what codes for it? |
|
Definition
| Major Histocompatability Complex encoded by Human Leukocyte Antigen (HLA) |
|
|
Term
| Where do T-cell precursors come from and where do they go? |
|
Definition
| From the bone marrow to the thymus |
|
|
Term
| What is an M cell? What is it's function. |
|
Definition
| Specialized cell interspersed between the cuboidal enterocytes covering a Peyer's patch. M cells take up antigens. |
|
|
Term
| Name 2 substances produced by an eosinophil. |
|
Definition
| histamine and arylsulfatase |
|
|
Term
| Innate immunity vs adaptive immunity: How fast is response to pathogens? |
|
Definition
| Innate: Always fast, no memory response. Adaptive: Slow on 1st exposure but memory response is faster and more robust. |
|
|
Term
| What does the right lymphatic duct drain? |
|
Definition
| Right arm and right half of head |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Unencapsulated lymphoid tissue found in lamina propria and submucosa of small intestine. |
|
|
Term
| What does the thoracic duct drain? |
|
Definition
| Everything except for the right arm and the right half of head |
|
|
Term
| What cell is the major mediator of the allergic response? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 examples of peripheral lymphoid tissue? |
|
Definition
| Follicles of lymph nodes, White pulp of spleen, and Unencapsulated lymphoid tissue |
|
|
Term
| What are the two types of helper T cells and where do they differentiate? |
|
Definition
| In the lymph node, helper T cells differentiate into Th1 cells, and Th2 cells. |
|
|
Term
| What are 4 types of cells into which T cells differentiate? |
|
Definition
| Cytotoxic T cells (MHC I, CD8) , Helper T cells (MHCII, CD4) , Suppressor T cells , Delayed hypersensitivity T cells |
|
|
Term
| What releases Tumor Necrosis Factor alpha |
|
Definition
| Macrophages (emphasized) and Th1 cells |
|
|
Term
| What is the response of an eosiniphil to antigen antibody complexes? |
|
Definition
| high degree of phagocytosis |
|
|
Term
| Which type of hypersensitivity reaction is a mast cell involved in? |
|
Definition
| Type I hypersensitivity reaction |
|
|
Term
| What is the primary function of a mast cell? |
|
Definition
| Mediates allergic reactions |
|
|
Term
| What is negative selection of T cells? |
|
Definition
| Destruction of T-cells that react to self-antigen |
|
|
Term
| Where is the site of maturation of T lymphocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What substance in eosinophilic granules is mainly responsible for defense against helminths and protozoan? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How can the spleen be distinguished from a lymph node on histologic section? |
|
Definition
| Spleens have no subscapsular sinus and no cortex or medulla. They have white pulp and red pulp. |
|
|
Term
| What are 3 functions of a macrophage? |
|
Definition
| Phagocytosis of bacteria, cell debris, and senescent red cells, Scavenges damaged cells and tissues, and Are antigen presenting cell |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of Interferon gamma with relation to macrophages? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What cell is the major mediator of the antiparasitic response? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where do positive and negative selection of T-cells occur in the thymus? |
|
Definition
| At the corticomedullary junction |
|
|
Term
| MHC I and II: Where in the cell is antigen loaded onto the MHC? |
|
Definition
| I: RER (mostly intracellular peptides) II: Acidified endosome |
|
|
Term
| What is positive selection of T cells? |
|
Definition
| Retention of T cells that have functioning T cell receptors |
|
|
Term
| Into what cell type does a monocyte differentiate in tissues? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the type of cell necessary for transplant rejection? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary function of a leukocyte? |
|
Definition
| Defense against infections |
|
|
Term
| What releases Interleukin 2? |
|
Definition
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