Term
|
Definition
| Fused azurophilic granules on cytosol of blast cells Seen in AML |
|
|
Term
| From which cells do plasma cells differentiate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which malaria is the most lethal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of lymph node follicles? |
|
Definition
| Site of B-cell localization and proliferation. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| cluster of differentiation |
|
|
Term
| Compare the consequences of pheochromocytoma vs. neuroblastoma on blood pressure |
|
Definition
| Pheochromocytoma causes episodic hypertension. Neuroblastoma does NOT cause episodic hypertension. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| c-MYC translocation t(8;14) |
|
|
Term
| What SG is associated w/ breast, ovary and prostate CA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of BRCA 1/2 gene? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| WHat CA manifests w/ ADH increase? What do you find clinically? |
|
Definition
| SCC of lung, Hyponatremia |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common tumor the adrenal medulla in adults? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 4 characteristics of the plasma cell morphology? |
|
Definition
| Off center nucleus, Clock face chromatin distribution, Abundant RER, and Well developed Golgi apparatus |
|
|
Term
| What is percentage of leukocytes in the blood exist as basophils? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 3 morphological characteristics of monocytes? |
|
Definition
| Large, Kidney-shaped nucleus and Extensive 'frosted glass' cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
| What are the components of the air-blood barrier? |
|
Definition
| Type I pneumocyte, Endothelial cell, and Their fused basement membrane. |
|
|
Term
| What does N-MYC activate? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What SG is associated w/ familial polyposis: color cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the APC gene function? |
|
Definition
| Prevents nuclear transcription, - degrades catenin; an activator of nuclear transcription |
|
|
Term
| What carcinogen is implicated with pancreatic adenocarcinoma, SCC of oropharynx and upper/mid esophagus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are 4 substances contained within the lysosomes of neutrophils? |
|
Definition
| Hydrolytic enzymes, Lysozyme, Myeloperoxidase, Lactoferrin |
|
|
Term
| What is the histologic change in lymph nodes during an extreme cellular immune response? |
|
Definition
| Lymph node paracortex becomes enlarged during extreme cellular immune response. |
|
|
Term
| What specialized vascular structure is found in the lymph node paracortex? What is the function of this structure? |
|
Definition
| Paracortex contains high endothelial venules (HEV). T and B cells enter from the blood through the HEV. |
|
|
Term
| In what area of the spleen are T cells found? |
|
Definition
| T cells are found in the PALS and the red pulp of the spleen. |
|
|
Term
| What chromosome is CML found in? What is the name of the chromosome? |
|
Definition
| Chromosome 22; Philadelphia Chromosome |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What suppressor gene is associated w/ retinoblastoma, osteogenic sarcoma and breast CA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of RB gene? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What carcinogen is implicated with stomach AdenoCA? |
|
Definition
| nitrosamines and nitrosamides |
|
|
Term
| What are the steps of maturation of a B cell? (2 points) |
|
Definition
| Maturation in the marrow and Migration to peripheral lymphoid tissue |
|
|
Term
| What are 4 morphologic characteristics of lymphocytes? |
|
Definition
| Round, Small, Densely staining nucleus, and Small amount of pale cytoplasm |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common tumor the adrenal medulla in children? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two POC activate point mutation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the genes of anti-apoptosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What carcinogen is implicated with colorectal cancer? |
|
Definition
| Lithocholic acid and Secondary bile acid |
|
|
Term
| Which leukemia is the result of plasma cell neoplasm? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What percentage of leukocytes exist as neutrophils in the blood? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What two POC activate translocation? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of BCL-2 genes? |
|
Definition
| prevents the leakage of cytochrome c (signal for apoptosis) |
|
|
Term
| What carcinogen is implicated with Lung CA? (4) |
|
Definition
| Uranium, Asbestos, Chromium, and Nickel |
|
|
Term
| What is the histologic presentation of DiGeorge's syndrome? |
|
Definition
| Lymph node paracortex is not well developed in patients with DiGeorge's syndrome. |
|
|
Term
| What leukemia has auer rods? |
|
Definition
| Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (M2/M3) |
|
|
Term
| What virus is associated w/ SIS POC and w/ Osteogenic Sarcoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease is associated with BCL-2? |
|
Definition
| b-cell lymphoma, Follicular Lymphoma t14;18 |
|
|
Term
| What carcinogen is implicated with pleural mesothelioma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What leukemia has gingival involvement? |
|
Definition
| Acute Monocytic Leukemia (M5) |
|
|
Term
| What carcinogen is implicated with breast cancer and cervical cancer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the age distribution of all leukemias? |
|
Definition
| ALL (0-14) AML (15-39) AML (40-60) CML (40-60) CLL (>60 years old) |
|
|
Term
| What carcinogen is implicated with SCC of skin, lung CA, liver angiosacroma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the substances contained within the densely basophilic granules of the basophil? (4) |
|
Definition
| - Heparin (anticoagulant) - histamine (vasodilator) - vasoactive amines - Slow reacting substance of anaphylaxis |
|
|
Term
| What carcinogen is implicated with TCC of bladder? (2) |
|
Definition
| cyclophosphamide and b-naphthylamine (dye and rubber indus.) |
|
|
Term
| How do you treat falciparum malaria infection? |
|
Definition
| IV quinidine or quinine plus doxycycline |
|
|
Term
| What carcinogen is implicated with acute leukemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two important functions of a neutrophil? |
|
Definition
| Acute inflammmatory response of a cell and Phagocytosis |
|
|
Term
| What carcinogen is implicated with SCC of penis? |
|
Definition
| Smegma in uncircumcised male |
|
|
Term
| What is the lifespan for an erythrocyte? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What carcinogen is implicated with SCC of scrotum? |
|
Definition
| tar, soot, oil (chimney sweeper) |
|
|
Term
| What kind of cells are found nearby the sinusoids of the spleen? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What carcinogen is implicated with malignant lymphoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common risk factor for BCC, SCC, melanoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two basic morphological characteristics of neutrophils? |
|
Definition
| - multilobed nucleus - large, spherical azurophilic primary granules (lysosomes) |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common risk factor for Kaposi's Sacroma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which leukemia has translocation t9;22? |
|
Definition
| Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common risk factor for Nasopharyngela CA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do medullary sinuses consist of? |
|
Definition
| Medullary sinuses contain reticular cells and macrophages. |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common risk factor for larynx CA? |
|
Definition
| polycyclic HOC (hydrocarbons) |
|
|
Term
| What cells are found in the lymph node paracortex? |
|
Definition
| Paracortex houses T cells. |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common risk factor for distal esophagus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the primary source of energy for erythrocytes? |
|
Definition
| Glucose (90% anaerobically degraded to lactate, 10% by HMP shunt) |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common risk factor for Stomach AdenoCA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the major structures of the lymph node medulla? |
|
Definition
| Medulla consists of medullary cords and medullary sinuses. |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common risk factor for Colon adenoCA? |
|
Definition
| preexisting polyps and tubular and villous adenoma |
|
|
Term
| What cell type closely resembles a mast cell? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are two names for an increased number of red cells? |
|
Definition
| Erythrocytosis and Polycythemia |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common risk factor for hepatocellular CA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the basic morphologic structure of an erythrocyte? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common risk factor for breast CA? |
|
Definition
| Age >50, excess estrogen: 1) nulliparity 2) early menarche 3) late menopause 4) obesity |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common cancer and leukemia in children? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the histologic structure of sinusoids of the spleen. |
|
Definition
| Long, vascular channels in red pulp. With fenestrated 'barrel hoop' basement membrane. |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common risk factor for surface derived ovarian CA? |
|
Definition
| nulliparity because of increase of ovulatory cycles |
|
|
Term
| What histological change is seen in neutrophils of a person who is folate/vitamin B12 deficient? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common risk factor for choriocarcinoma? |
|
Definition
| Complete Hydatidiform Mole |
|
|
Term
| What is the range of concentration for leukocytes in the blood? |
|
Definition
| 4,000 - 10,000 cells per microliter |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common risk factor for Malignant lymphoma thyroid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the importance of the physiologic chloride shift in erythrocytes? |
|
Definition
| Membranes contain the chloride bicarbonate antiport allowing the RBC to transport carbon dioxide from the the lung periphery for elimination. |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common risk factor for papillary CA of thyroid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the frequency of acute leukemias? |
|
Definition
| Acute Myelogenous Leukemia (M2) 30-40% Acute Promyelocytic (M3) 5-10%, Acute Monocytic (M5) 10% |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common risk factor for medullary CA thyroid? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common risk factor for Primary CNS lymphoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common risk factor for Burkitt's Lymphoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the basic morphology of an eosinophil? (2 things) |
|
Definition
| Bilobate nucleus and Packed with large eosinophilic granules of uniform size |
|
|
Term
| Which one is protein rich? Transudate or Exude? |
|
Definition
| Exude, extra proteins inside the fluid |
|
|
Term
| Describe the location of the lymph node paracortex. |
|
Definition
| Region of cortex between follicles and medulla. |
|
|
Term
| What causes flushing and diarrhea in carcinoid Sx? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What leukemia is associated with ABL protooncogene? |
|
Definition
| Chronic Myelogenous Leukemia (CML) |
|
|
Term
| What percentage of leukocytes in blood are monocytes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does the African variant involve? (Burkitt's) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What do you see in Burkitt's? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| macrophages w/ phagocytosed apoptotic bodies |
|
|
Term
| What are the characteristic cells in Hodgkin's Lymjphoma? |
|
Definition
| association w/ EBV; cutaneous anergy to common antigens |
|
|
Term
| What are the cells of Hogkin's L. called? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are Reed-Sternberg Cells? |
|
Definition
| transformed germinal center B cells |
|
|
Term
| What is elevated in vWF disease? |
|
Definition
| Elevated Bleeding Time (platelet adh. Problem) aPTT increased |
|
|
Term
| What is elevated on hemophilia A? |
|
Definition
| VIII deficient aPTT increased (intrinsic pathway) |
|
|
Term
| What is elevated in a person taking aspirin? |
|
Definition
| Bleeding Time elevated (Just like vWD) |
|
|
Term
| What is elevated in Idiopathic Thrombocytogenic Purpura? Decreased? |
|
Definition
| Bleeding Time increased platelets decreased |
|
|
Term
| What are two other diseases that has Bleed Time increased and decreased platelets? |
|
Definition
| Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura , Hemolytic Uremic Syndrome |
|
|
Term
| What factor involved in extrinsic pathway? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What factor involved in intrinsic pathway? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the best test for vWF diases? |
|
Definition
| ristocetin cofactor assay |
|
|
Term
| What anti bodies does blood group O have? |
|
Definition
| anti A-IgM, anti B-IgM, anti AB- IgG |
|
|
Term
| What anti bodies have blood A? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| nothing, just like new borns and old people |
|
|
Term
| What blood group has greatest incidence of gastric carcinoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is associated w/ duodenal ulcer? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is the universal donor? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Who is the universal acceptor? |
|
Definition
| AB no antibodies to attack those cells |
|
|
Term
| What POC is associated w/ Leukemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What POC is associated w/ Breast CA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What POC is associated w/ Neuroblastoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What POC is associated w/ lung CA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What POC is associated w/ CML? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What POC is associated w/ Burkitt's Lymphoma? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What POC is associated w/ colon CA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What POC is associated w/ MEN IIa/IIb Syndromes? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What POC is associated w/ pancreatic CA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What function does SIS have? |
|
Definition
| GF synthesis, (Growth Factor) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
|
Definition
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Term
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Definition
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