Term
| What lobe of the brain is the primary auditory cortex area in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What structure passes through the foramen ovale? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which thalamic nucleus is the primary motor cortex? |
|
Definition
| Ventral Lateral Nucleus (VL) |
|
|
Term
| What are the major structures of the inner ear bony labyrinth? |
|
Definition
| 1. Cochlea 2. vestibule 3. semicircular canals |
|
|
Term
| Where in the inner ear are the maculae found? What is the function of this structure? |
|
Definition
| The utricle and saccule contain maculae Functions in detecting linear acceleration. |
|
|
Term
| What nerve innervates most of the 'glossus' muscles and which is the exception? |
|
Definition
| All muscles with root 'glossus' in their names (except palatoglossus, innervated by vagus nerve) are innervated by hypoglossal nerve. |
|
|
Term
| What type of function does CN VIII have? (sensory, motor, or both) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which CN is the only nerve that does not abut the wall in the cavernous sinus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CN V2 passes through what 'hole'? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CN III passes through what 'hole'? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What bone do all the foramina of the middle cranial fossa pass through? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CN IX has what 4 functions? |
|
Definition
| posterior 1/3 taste, swallowing, salivation (parotid), monitoring carotid body and sinus |
|
|
Term
| Name the 4 foramina that are in the posterior cranial fossa |
|
Definition
| internal auditory meatus, jugular foramen, hypoglossal canal, and foramen magnum. |
|
|
Term
| The Nucleus Ambiguus has fibers from what 3 CNs? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 4 structures pass through the jugular foramen? |
|
Definition
| CN IX, X, XI(descending), jugular vein |
|
|
Term
| What type of function does CN VI have? (sensory, motor, or both) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What would happen to temperature regulation if you lesioned your ventromedial nucleus of the hypothalamus? |
|
Definition
| have hyperphagia and become obese |
|
|
Term
| What happens if you illuminate one pupil in a normal patient? |
|
Definition
| both eyes constrict (consensual reflex) |
|
|
Term
| What muscle elevates and intorts the eye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What structure passes through the foramen rotundum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 3 structures pass through the foramen magnum? |
|
Definition
| spinal roots of CN XI(ascending), brainstem, vertebral arteries |
|
|
Term
| What type of function does CN III have? (sensory, motor, or both) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What structures are in the carotid sheath? |
|
Definition
| Internal Jugular Vein (lateral), Common Carotid Artery (medial) and Vagus Nerve (posterior) |
|
|
Term
| What type of function does CN XII have? (sensory, motor, or both) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| An aneurysm of what artery may cause CN III palsy? |
|
Definition
| posterior communicating artery |
|
|
Term
| CN IV passes through what 'hole'? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CN V has what 2 functions? |
|
Definition
| mastication, facial sensation |
|
|
Term
| Is Bell's palsy an UMN or a LMN lesion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CN XII has what function? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CN III has what 4 functions? |
|
Definition
| eye movement, pupil constriction, accommodation, eyelid opening |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 5 types of cells make up the suportive cells of the CNS/PNS? |
|
Definition
| Astrocytes, Microglia, Oligodendroglia, Schwann cells, Ependymal cells. |
|
|
Term
| CN VII has what 4 functions? |
|
Definition
| facial movement, anterior 2/3 taste, lacrimation, salivation(SL, SM glands) |
|
|
Term
| CN X passes through what 'hole'? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of function does CN V have? (sensory, motor, or both) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CN VIII passes through what 'hole'? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve innervates the muscles that close and open the jaw? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CN VIII has what 2 functions? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CN XII passes through what 'hole'? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which thalamic nucleus has the function of body senses(proprioception, pressure, pain, touch, vibration)? |
|
Definition
| Ventral Posterior Lateral Nucleus (VPL) |
|
|
Term
| Which way does the jaw deviate in a unilateral lesion (LMN) of CN V? (toward or away) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which thalamic nucleus has the function of facial sensation and pain? |
|
Definition
| Ventral Posterior Medial Nucleus (VPM) |
|
|
Term
| The central retinal artery is a branch off what larger artery? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What nerve innervates most of the 'palat' muscles and which is the exception? |
|
Definition
| All muscles with root 'palat' in their names (except tensor veli palatini, innervated by V2) are innervated by vagus nerve. |
|
|
Term
| CN I passes through what 'hole'? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of function does CN VII have? (sensory, motor, or both) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CN II passes through what 'hole'? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which thalamic nucleus has a visual function? |
|
Definition
| Lateral Geniculate Nucleus (LGB) |
|
|
Term
| What type of function does CN XI have? (sensory, motor, or both) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What vagal nuclei controls motor innervation to the pharynx, larynx, and upper esophagus? |
|
Definition
| Nucleus Ambiguus (Ambiguous Swallowing) |
|
|
Term
| A positive Babinski is an indicator for a (UMN or LMN) lesion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Give 3 characteristics of a LMN lesion. |
|
Definition
| atrophy, flaccid paralysis, absent deep tendon reflexes |
|
|
Term
| What 3 structures pass through the optic canal? |
|
Definition
| CN II, ophthalmic artery, central retinal vein |
|
|
Term
| Which way does the uvula deviate in a unilateral lesion (LMN) of CN X? (toward or away) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Brodmann's area 44, 45 is? |
|
Definition
| Broca's area (motor speech) |
|
|
Term
| Brodmann's area 3,1,2 is? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| frontal eye movement and pupilary change area |
|
|
Term
| What two hypothalamic nuclei does the posterior pituitary(neurohypophysis) receive neuronal projections from? |
|
Definition
| supraoptic nucleus and paraventricular nucleus. |
|
|
Term
| What passes through the cavernous sinus? (nerves and artery) |
|
Definition
| CN III, IV, V1, V2, VI (not on the wall), post-ganglionic SNS and the Internal carotid artery |
|
|
Term
| Which way does the tongue deviate in a unilateral lesion (LMN) of CN XII? (toward or away) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CN IX passes through what 'hole'? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is affected in a central VII lesion (lesion above the facial nucleus - UMN)? |
|
Definition
| paralysis of the contralateral lower quadrant |
|
|
Term
| What 2 structures pass through the internal auditory meatus? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where in the inner ear are the ampullae found? What is the function of this structure? |
|
Definition
| Semicircular canals contain ampullae. Functions in detecting angular acceleration. |
|
|
Term
| CN XI passes through what 'hole'? |
|
Definition
| jugular foramen (descending) -- foramen magnum (ascending) |
|
|
Term
| What lesion produces coma? |
|
Definition
| reticular activating system |
|
|
Term
| What artery does the anterior spinal artery branch off of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What lesion produces personality changes and deficits in concentration, orientation, judgement? |
|
Definition
| frontal lobe - these are frontal release signs |
|
|
Term
| Which thalamic nucleus has an auditory function? |
|
Definition
| Medial Geniculate Nucleus (MGB) |
|
|
Term
| The infraorbital nerve is a branch off what larger nerve? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What 5 structures pass through the superior orbital fissure? |
|
Definition
| CN III, IV, V-1, VI, ophthalmic vein |
|
|
Term
| CN III inervates what 5 muscles. |
|
Definition
| medial rectus, superior rectus, inferior rectus, inferior oblique, levator palpebrae superioris |
|
|
Term
| What artery does the superior cerebellar artery branch off of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Extrafusal fibers are innervated by what motor neuron? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Beginning with anterior communicating artery describe the path around the circle of Willis. |
|
Definition
| ant. comm. - ACA - ICA - post. comm. - PCA - PCA - post. comm. - ICA - ACA - ant. comm. |
|
|
Term
| What lobe of the brain is the principal motor area in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is affected in a peripheral VII lesion (lesion at or below the facial nucleus - LMN)? |
|
Definition
| paralysis of the ipsilateral face both upper and lower. |
|
|
Term
| What is the common name for a peripheral VII lesion? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscle depresses and extorts the eye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What three muscles close the jaw? |
|
Definition
| Masseter, Temporalis, and Medial pterygoid |
|
|
Term
| What vagal nuclei controls visceral sensory in formation like taste and gut distention? |
|
Definition
| Nucleus Solitarius (Sensory=Solitarius) |
|
|
Term
| Where is the lesion in Parkinson's? |
|
Definition
| Substantia nigra pars compacta |
|
|
Term
| What would happen to temperature regulation if you lesioned your posterior hypothalamus? |
|
Definition
| lose the ability to conserve heat |
|
|
Term
| When is damage to the recurrent laryngeal nerve most likely to happen and what are its results(2 answers)? |
|
Definition
| 1.Thyroid surgery 2.Hoarseness |
|
|
Term
| CN VI passes through what 'hole'? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What CN is the efferent limb of the pupillary light reflex? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which CNs pass through the middle cranial fossa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of function does CN II have? (sensory, motor, or both) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of function does CN IX have? (sensory, motor, or both) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of function does CN X have? (sensory, motor, or both) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What CN is the afferent limb of the pupillary light reflex? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| A lesion of the globus pallidus causes what disease? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What structure passes through the hypoglossal canal? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CN X has what 5 functions? |
|
Definition
| taste, swallowing, palate elevation, talking, thoracoabdominal viscera |
|
|
Term
| What CNs lie medially at the brain stem? |
|
Definition
| CN III, VI, XIII (3 - 6 - 12) |
|
|
Term
| CN VI inervates what muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of function does CN I have? (sensory, motor, or both) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscle opens the jaw? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which CNs pass through the posterior cranial fossa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CN XI has what 2 functions? |
|
Definition
| head turning, shoulder shrugging |
|
|
Term
| Stimulation from the paraventricular nucleus cause the release of what hormone? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Name the 5 functions of the Limbic system? |
|
Definition
| Feeding, Fighting, Feeling, Flight, sex [the famous 5 F's] |
|
|
Term
| Name 7 functions of the hypothalamus? |
|
Definition
| Thirst/waterbalance, Adenohypophysis control, Neurohypophysis control, Hunger/satiety, Autonomic regulation, Temperature regulation, Sex |
|
|
Term
| What lesion produces conduction aphasia, poor repetition w/ poor comprehension, and fluent speech? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which part of the cochlea picks up high frequency sound? Which picks up low frequency? |
|
Definition
| The base of the cochlea picks up high frequency sound the apex picks up low frequency sound |
|
|
Term
| Which division of the facial motor nucleus has duel innervation? (upper or lower) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What structure passes through the foramen spinosum? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of hair cells? |
|
Definition
| Hair cells are the sensory elements in both the cochlear and vestibular apparatus. |
|
|
Term
| The Nucleus Solitarius has fibers from what 3 CNs? |
|
Definition
| CN VII, IX, X (Think Solitary Taste) |
|
|
Term
| What lobe of the brain is the principal visual cortex area in? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the bony labyrinth filled with? Describe its composition. |
|
Definition
| The bony labyrinth is filled with perilymph. Perilymph is Na+ rich, similar to ECF |
|
|
Term
| CN IV inervates what muscle? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What muscle intorts, depresses, and abducts the eye? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The recurrent laryngeal nerve arises from what cranial nerve and supplies what muscles? |
|
Definition
| 1.CN X 2.All intrinsic muscles of the larynx except the cricothyroid muscle. |
|
|
Term
| What artery does the anterior inferior cerebellar artery branch off of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What artery does the posterior inferior cerebellar artery branch off of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| CN V1 passes through what 'hole'? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What type of function does CN IV have? (sensory, motor, or both) |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the most common circle of Willis aneurysm? |
|
Definition
| anterior communicating artery |
|
|
Term
| Name the 5 foramina that are in the middle cranial fossa? |
|
Definition
| optic canal, superior orbital fissure, foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, and foramen spinosum. |
|
|
Term
| CN V3 passes through what 'hole'? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which branchial arch is associated with the mimetic muscles? |
|
Definition
| Arch 2: Think Cranial Nerve VII and the muscles it innervates, also forms part of the hyoid. |
|
|
Term
| Which branchial arch is associated with the muscles of mastication? |
|
Definition
| Arch 1: Think Cranial Nerve V and the muscles it innervates |
|
|
Term
| What connects the nasal cavity and the pterygopalatine fossa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which cranial nerves carry preganglionic paraysmpathetic fibers? |
|
Definition
| III (sphincter), VII (lacrimal), IX (parotid), X (viscera) |
|
|
Term
| What is the articular disc of the TMJ comprised of? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the thinnest part of the TMJ disc? |
|
Definition
| Intermediate zone (middle portion) |
|
|
Term
| Where is the thickest portion of the TMJ disc? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is the most vascularized portion of the TMJ? |
|
Definition
| Bilaminar Zone, Posterior retrodiscal area |
|
|
Term
| What muscle attached anteriomedially to the TMJ disc itself |
|
Definition
| Lateral pterygoid (superior fibers) |
|
|
Term
| Which fibers of the temporalis muscle retract the mandible |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What strucutres are found in the sublingual space? |
|
Definition
| Submandibular gland, Lingual Nerve, Hypoglossal Nerve, Sublingual Gland |
|
|
Term
| What structures pass between the mylohyloid muscle and the hyoglossus |
|
Definition
| Submandibular duct & Lingual Nerve (crossing twice) and CN XII |
|
|
Term
| What passes inferior to the hyoglossus |
|
Definition
| Lingual artery (note this does not follow the nerve) |
|
|
Term
| How many times a day do we swallow? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| The infraorbital nerve supplies which teeth? |
|
Definition
| Maxillary Canines and incisors |
|
|
Term
| What two structures merge to form the retromandibular vein? |
|
Definition
| S. Temporal and Maxillary vein |
|
|
Term
| Which artery supplies mucosa of the hard palate posterior to the canines? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which structure passes through two triangles of the neck on its way to the oral cavity? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which nucleus of CN V mediates proprioception and jaw jerk |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What strucutre is found between the external carotid and internal jugular vein? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which nerve supplies the buccal mucosa? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which nerve supplies the floor of the mouth and lingual gingiva of the mandible? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Infraorbital nerve gives rise to which nerves within its canal? |
|
Definition
| Posterior Superior (Molars excluding M of max 1st), Middle Superior(M of Max1st to Premolars), Anterior Superior Alveolar Nerves (canines and anteriors) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| zygomatic arch and malar process of the superior maxilla |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| angle of the ramus and coronoid process |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elevates and retrudes the mandible; exerts pressure on teeth |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| flat, thick, quadrangular |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Flat, fan-shape, bipennate |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Temporal Fossa and temporal fascia |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Anterior: elevation Posterior: Retrusion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Lateral Pterygoid Origin (superior head) |
|
Definition
| infralateral greater wing of the spehnoid and infratemporal crest |
|
|
Term
| Lateral Pterygoid Origin (inferior head) |
|
Definition
| lateral of lateral pteyrgoid plate |
|
|
Term
| Lateral Pterygoid Insertion (superior head) |
|
Definition
| articular disc and capsule |
|
|
Term
| Lateral Pterygoid Insertion (inferior head) |
|
Definition
| pterygoid fossa of condyle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Protrusion, Depression, and contralateral excursion |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Maxillary Tuberosity and Medial aspect of lateral pterygoid plate |
|
|
Term
| Medial Pterygoid Insertion |
|
Definition
| infraposterior of medial surface of ramus |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| elevation, protruison, contralateral excursion |
|
|
