Term
| What disease is characterized by protein deficiency with adequate caloric intake? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What does H. pylori predispose to/cause? 2 things |
|
Definition
| Adenocarcinoma of stomach, Malignant Lymphoma |
|
|
Term
| What disease is associated with iron deficiency and dysphagia for solids? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the space of Disse? |
|
Definition
| Pores in liver sinusoids allowing plasma macromolecules access to liver cell surfaces. |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common organism causes esophagitis? |
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Definition
|
|
Term
| Where are Brunner's glands located? |
|
Definition
| Located in submucosa of duodenum |
|
|
Term
| What is the name of the TEAR of the DISTAL esophagus? |
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Definition
|
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Term
| What is the effect of duodenal ulcers on Brunner's gland histology? |
|
Definition
| Duodenal ulcers cause hypertrophy of Brunner's glands. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of liver sinusoids? |
|
Definition
| Allow macromolecules of plasma full access to surface of liver cells through space of Disse. |
|
|
Term
| When is the pain in duodenal ulcer? |
|
Definition
| Pain decreases with meals |
|
|
Term
| What part of the stomach is affected by pernicious anemia? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is Zollinger Ellison's Sx? |
|
Definition
| Malignant islet cell tumor |
|
|
Term
| What is the only GI submucosal gland? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What part of the stomach does H. pylori infect? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Why is myasthemia gravis on the upper esophagus? |
|
Definition
| Upper 1/3 of esophagus is striated muscle |
|
|
Term
| What is the most common congenital esophageal disorder? |
|
Definition
| Tracheoesophageal fistula |
|
|
Term
| What is the pathogenesis of achalasia? |
|
Definition
| Failure of relaxation of LES sphincter |
|
|
Term
| What is the malignant potential for a duodenal ulcer? |
|
Definition
| 0% malignancy, so never biopsied! |
|
|
Term
| Why is there black melena? |
|
Definition
| Acid acts on HB and converts it into Hematin;Hematin is black pigment that stains fecal matter |
|
|
Term
| What is associated with dermatitis herpetiform? |
|
Definition
| Celiac Dz (a red rash on the trunk) |
|
|
Term
| What is the best test to detect Celiac Dz? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the pathology of Celiac Dz? |
|
Definition
| Atrophy of villi in Duodenum and Jejunum |
|
|
Term
| What is the pathology of Whipple's Dz? |
|
Definition
| blunting of villi in jejunum and ileum |
|
|
Term
| What are the three classifications of diarrhea? |
|
Definition
| 1) invasive 2) secretory 3) osmotic |
|
|
Term
| What is the #1 organism in invasive enterocolitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are some disease that cause secretory diarrhea? |
|
Definition
| Vibrio cholerae (via adenylate cyclase); E. coli (via guanylate cyclase); Rotavirus, Carcinoid Sx |
|
|
Term
| Is there mucosal inflammation in secretory diarrhea? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MCC of diarrhea, cholecystitis and pancreatitis in AIDS? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What parasite in the soil penetrates the skin? |
|
Definition
| Strongyloides stercoralis |
|
|
Term
| What disease has the term left sided apendicitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MC place of pathology in entire GI tract? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MCC of fistulas in the GI tract? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Ulcerative Colitis vs. Cronh's Dz |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What layers does UC comprise? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What layers does Cronh's Dz comprise? |
|
Definition
| all layers; it is transmural rectum sparing |
|
|
Term
| What does UC primarily target? |
|
Definition
| rectum, ileum sparing, assending pathway |
|
|
Term
| What is involved in Cronh's Dz in 80%? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What segment does UC attack? |
|
Definition
| rectum; does not involve other areas of GI tract |
|
|
Term
| What segment does Cronh's attack? |
|
Definition
| Cronh=Complete all layers; and also all the GI tract ; mouth to anus |
|
|
Term
| What marker do you get after HBV vaccine? |
|
Definition
| anti-HBs antibodies - This confers immunity to HBV and HBD! |
|
|
Term
| What is the first serology to appear in HBV? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the marker that the patient will recover from HBV? |
|
Definition
| HBV-DNA poymerase leaves before HBsAg |
|
|
Term
| Markers for HBV infection is active? |
|
Definition
| HBe and HBV-DNA antigens are excellent markers of infectivity |
|
|
Term
| What marker for HBV determines a chronic carrier? |
|
Definition
| HBsAg for more than 6 months |
|
|
Term
| What two viruses are associated w/ hepatocellular CA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What organism causes spontaneous peritonitis in adults? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What organism causes spontaneous peritonitis in children? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the MCC of congestive hepatomegaly? |
|
Definition
| Right Heart Failure (H.F.) |
|
|
Term
| What are two clinical manifestations of PRE-hepatic obstruction? |
|
Definition
| 1) portal vein thrombosis 2) ascites/varices |
|
|
Term
| Do you find hepatomegaly in pre or post-hepatic obstruction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is a cause of post-hepatic obstruction? |
|
Definition
| 1) Budd-Chiari syndrome 2) Polycythemia vera 3) Oral Contraceptives |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| hepatic vein thrombosis (also birth control) |
|
|
Term
| What is the MCC of post-hepatic obstruction? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Symmptoms of post-hepatic obstruction? |
|
Definition
| 1) painful liver 2) congested liver 3) ascites 4) portal hypertension |
|
|
Term
| When do we find Councilman Bodies? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What alcoholic disease is irreversible? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Are fatty change and alcoholic hepatitis reversible or irreversible? |
|
Definition
| reversible (remember mallory bodies are not indiciative of liver failure) |
|
|
Term
| What are the factors of Alcoholic liver disease? |
|
Definition
| 1) amount of OH 2) duration of intake 3) more damage in females |
|
|
Term
| Where is the most important site of metabolism of OH in liver? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Where is alcohol dehydrogenase found? |
|
Definition
| in cytosol and mitochondria |
|
|
Term
| Why is there a build up of lactate in alcoholics? |
|
Definition
| high levels of NADH make pyruvate go into lactate (increases anion gap) |
|
|
Term
| Why does hypoglycemia occur in alcoholics? |
|
Definition
| again increase in NADH makes conversion of pyruvate to lactate; decrease in pyruvate can't go back to gluconeogenesis |
|
|
Term
| Why is ketoacidosis sometimes present in alcoholics? |
|
Definition
| NADH once again favors conversion of: Acetoacetate to B-Hydroxybutyrate (ketoacids) |
|
|
Term
| What is the ratio of ALT and AST in alcoholics? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is seen in alcoholic hepatitis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| MCC of obstructive jaundice? |
|
Definition
| stone in common bile duct |
|
|
Term
| What are the symptoms in obstructive jaundice? |
|
Definition
| - hypercholesterolemia - light colored stools - urine w/ conjugated bilirubin - increase alkaline phosphatase (AP) and gamma-glutamyltransferas (GGT) |
|
|
Term
| What drugs (3) causes hepatocellular carcinoma? |
|
Definition
| 1) Vinyl Chloride 2) Aflatoxin (Aspergillus mold) 3) Thorotrast |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| unrestricted reabsorption of IRON (small bowel) |
|
|
Term
| What is the mode of inheritance of hemochromatosis? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the laboratory findings of hemochromatosis? |
|
Definition
| - increase serum iron - decrease TIBC - increase % saturation - increase serum ferritin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| defect in Copper (Cu+) secretion into bile; - bile is Copper deficient or - defect in synthesis of ceruloplasmin |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| protein that binds to Copper |
|
|
Term
| What are some of the clinical manifestations of Wilson's Dz? |
|
Definition
| Kayser-Fleishcher rings in eye |
|
|
Term
| Found in high concentration in bile |
|
Definition
| glycine, taurine, colic acid |
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