Term
| What is an increase of organ/tissue size due to an increase in the number of cells? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease causes hemolytic anemia in patients after eating fava beans? |
|
Definition
| Glucose-6-Phosphate dehydrogenase deficency |
|
|
Term
| What is the protein responsible for unwinding the DNA double helix? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the role of dynein in cilia structure. |
|
Definition
| Dynein links peripheral 9 doublets of microtubules. |
|
|
Term
| What are the three modifications made to RNA before it leaves the nucleus? |
|
Definition
| 5' capping with 7-methylguanosine, 3' polyadenylation, and splicing of introns |
|
|
Term
| What is responsible for the yellow color in jaundice? |
|
Definition
| Accumulation of bilirubin |
|
|
Term
| What is the protein that prevents supercoling during replication? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the function of smooth ER? |
|
Definition
| Is the site of steroid synthesis and detoxification of drugs and poisons |
|
|
Term
| What is the type of mutation that does result in a change in amino acid sequence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How is the function of gap junctions accomplished? |
|
Definition
| Through a connection with central channels. |
|
|
Term
| Which nucleotide bases are pyrimidines? |
|
Definition
| Cytosine, Uracil, and Thymine CUT the PY |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for macula adherens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is another name for zona adherens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which cells are rich in smooth ER? |
|
Definition
| 1. liver hepatocytes, 2. steroid hormone-producing cells of adrenal cortex. |
|
|
Term
| Name the fat-soluble vitamins |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What are the conditions for the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium? |
|
Definition
| No mutations, No selection, Random mating, and No migration |
|
|
Term
| What is another name for zona occludens? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the direction DNA and RNA synthesized? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe microtubule arrangement of cilia. |
|
Definition
| 9+2 arrangement of microtubules. |
|
|
Term
| Name five types of epithelial cell junctions. |
|
Definition
| 1. zona occludens 2.zona adherens 3.macula adherens 4.gap junction 5.hemidesmosome |
|
|
Term
| What is the histologic change in nephrotic syndrome? What is the consequence of this change? |
|
Definition
| Negative charge is lost. Plasma protein is lost in urine |
|
|
Term
| Which nucleotide bases are purines? |
|
Definition
| Adenine and Guanine PURe As Gold |
|
|
Term
| How does dynein function in cilia function? |
|
Definition
| Dynein causes the bending of cilium by differential sliding of doublets. |
|
|
Term
| What is the type of mutation that changes one base pair? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Describe the histological structure of sinusoids of the liver. |
|
Definition
| Irregular 'capillaries' with round pores 100-200 nm in diameter and no basement membrane. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of rough ER? |
|
Definition
| Is the site of synthesis of secretory (exported proteins and of N-linked oligosaccharide addition to many proteins. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Small, discrete sites of attachment of epithelial cells. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of hemidesmosomes? |
|
Definition
| Connect basal cells to underlying extracellular matrix (anchor) |
|
|
Term
| What are the functions of the lymph node? |
|
Definition
| 1. Nonspecific filtration by macrophages. 2. storage/proliferation of B and T cells 3. Ab production. |
|
|
Term
| Which cells are rich in rough ER? |
|
Definition
| 1. Mucus-secreting goblet cells of small intestine, 2. antibody-secreting plasma cells. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of Nissl bodies? |
|
Definition
| Synthesize enzymes (e.g. ChAT) and peptide neurotransmitters. |
|
|
Term
| Name a protein involved in the structure of hemidesmosomes. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the type of mutation that causes a loss of DNA? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What is the type of mutation that does not result in a change in amino acid sequence? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| What disease is caused by a deficiency of lactase? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For the following genetic transfer procedure, explain the process: Conjugation |
|
Definition
| Direct cell to cell DNA transfer (requires contact) |
|
|
Term
| For the following genetic transfer procedure, explain the process: Transduction |
|
Definition
| Phage-mediated cell to cell DNA transfer (requires a bacteriophage) |
|
|
Term
| For the following genetic transfer procedure, explain the process: Transformation |
|
Definition
| Purified DNA taken up by a cell (must be DNA, smooth to rough) |
|
|
Term
| For the following genetic transfer procedure, explain the process: Transposition |
|
Definition
| DNA transfer to same or another chromosome or plasmid WITHIN a cell |
|
|
Term
| For the following genetic transfer procedure, give the types of cells involved: Conjugation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For the following genetic transfer procedure, give the types of cells involved: Transduction |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For the following genetic transfer procedure, give the types of cells involved: Transformation |
|
Definition
| Prokaryotic or eukaryotic |
|
|
Term
| For the following genetic transfer procedure, give the types of cells involved: Transposition |
|
Definition
| Prokaryotic or eukaryotic |
|
|
Term
| For the following genetic transfer procedure, give the nature of DNA transferred: Conjugation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For the following genetic transfer procedure, give the nature of DNA transferred: Transduction |
|
Definition
| Generalized transduction: Any gene Specialized transduction: Only certain genes |
|
|
Term
| For the following genetic transfer procedure, give the nature of DNA transferred: Transformation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| For the following genetic transfer procedure, give the nature of DNA transferred: Transposition |
|
Definition
| DNA sequences ""jumping genes"" |
|
|
Term
| Most variable phase in cell cycle |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Resting phase; stable parenchymal cells |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Synthesis of RNA, protein, organelles, and cyclin D; DNA repair; most variable phase |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Synthesis of DNA, RNA, protein; double the amount of genomic material |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Synthesis of tubulin, necessary for formation of the mitotic spindle |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| mutation codes for same aa -- no phenotypic change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| different aa -- phenotypic change |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| codes for stop codon --> premature termination of protein synthesis |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| purine substitution for purine (A for G, or vice versa) or pyrimidine substitution for a pyrimidine (C for T or vice versa) |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Purine (A or G) replaces a pyrimidine (C or T) |
|
|
Term
| Name the purines and pyrimidine and tell which attaches to which in DNA. |
|
Definition
| Purines = A and G (purAGe), Pyrimidines = C and T (pyrTC); A-T, C-G |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| In females (usually), the X chromosome that is inactivated and attached to the nuclear membrane |
|
|
Term
| What is the difference between nondisjunction and mosaicism? |
|
Definition
| Nondisjunction is the unequal separation of X in meiosis -- 22 or 24 X end up in the gamete. Mosaicism is the unequal separation of X in mitosis. |
|
|
Term
| Mitrochondial DNA disorders inherited from whom? |
|
Definition
| Mother because sperms lose their mitochondria so all a person's mitochondria comes from mom. |
|
|
Term
| What is the function of zona occludens? |
|
Definition
| Prevents diffusion across intracellular space. |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Which sugar is important for plauqe formation |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| How does Fluoride work to prevent cavities? |
|
Definition
| Increases remineralization, substitutes OH, decreases acid soluability of enamel |
|
|
Term
| Where does glycolyisis occur? |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
|
Definition
| Lecithin (phosphatidylcholine) makes up cell membranes |
|
|
Term
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| Histones have what charge? |
|
Definition
| Positive (Lysine and Argenine) |
|
|
