Term
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Definition
| speech that is delayed in reaching the point and contains excessive or irrelevant details |
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Term
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Definition
| abrupt changing in focus to a loosley associated topic. |
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Term
| expressive aphais (Brocca's) |
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Definition
| disturbance in which the individual knows what he/she wants to say, but cannot say it. |
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Term
| receptive aphasia (Wernick's) |
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Definition
| loss of the ability to comprehend what has been said. |
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Term
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Definition
| false SENSORY perceptions that are not in response to an external stimulus. |
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Term
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Definition
| misperceptions of real sensory events |
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Term
| Name and describe the 4 axis on the DSM-IV-TR |
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Definition
Axis I- clincal disorders
Axis II- personality disorders and MR
Axis III-General Medical conditions
Axis IV- psychosocial and environmental problems
Axis V- GAF |
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Term
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Definition
| excessess or distortions of normal functions (delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, catatonic behavior) |
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Term
| negativesymptoms (schizophrenia) |
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Definition
| loss or absence of function( restricted emotion, decreased thought/speech,lack of motivation, inability to relate to others) |
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Term
| Antipsychotic meds and side effects |
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Definition
| mellaril, thorazine,prolixin, stelazine, trilfon, haldol, navane. Side effects:NMS, tardive syskinesia,dry mouth, photosensitivity,orthostatic hypotension,dystonia,akathisias. Clozaril- agranulocytosis |
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Term
| Mood stabalizers for antipsychotic and side effects |
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Definition
| lithium- exessive thirst, tremors, urination, anticonvulsants- depakote, tegretol( dizziness, drowsiness,ataxia, weight gain) |
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Term
| intervention for schizophrenia (psychotic disorders) |
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Definition
acute-relatity testing, stabilze behavior, engage ind
LT hosp-norm envir,dev realistic goals, (communicate simply,clearly,concrete) |
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Term
| MAOIs dietary restrictions |
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Definition
| pickled herring, liver, dry sausage, fava, sauerkraut, cheese, yougurt, beer wine, yeast and meat extract, chocolate and caffeine |
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Term
Reisburg's Stages for Demtia
Stage 1 and 2 |
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Definition
stage 1- no disability noted
stage 2- the person complains about forgetting age-related info (keys,wallet) |
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Term
Reisburg's Stages for Dementia
Stage 3 |
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Definition
| ind in ADLs, recognizes challenges to avoid, utilzes compensation. Forgets info for first time, diff with directions |
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Term
Reisburg's stages for dementia
stage 4 |
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Definition
deficits are noted in all IADL
can do repetitive ADLs, can live with support, follows simple verbal and demo cues. Increase forgetfull,cant follow written cues,unable to perform familiar acts,needs assistance |
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Term
Reisburg's stages of dementia
stage 5 |
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Definition
person cannot function ind
some adls with cues and assistance, poor jugement, forgets hygeine, encouragement, can't drive |
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Term
Reisburg's stages of dementia
stage 6 and 7 |
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Definition
stage 6- person cannot perform adls w/out cues. can perform familiar tasks, HOH cues,deficits with 2-step task, no full sentences,incontinent
stage 7- bedbound, vegetative |
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Term
| Remedial/Restorative/Transfer of Training Approach |
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Definition
| focus on restoration of components to increase skill, deficit specific,targets causes,performance components,increased components=increased skill, uses tabletop act(memory drill, block designs,parquetry) |
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Term
| Compensatory/adaptive/Functional Approach |
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Definition
| repetitive pract, modification,activy choice driven by person, skill training, treats symptoms not cause, env adaptation, task specific,uses func task |
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Term
| information processing approach |
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Definition
| info on how the ind approaches a task, how perf changes w/cues and feedback |
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Term
| dynamic interactional approach |
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Definition
| transfer of learning from one situation to the next, vary envi, graded series of tasks, self monitoring, awareness ?s (How do u know this is right?) |
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Term
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Definition
| based on remediation;info process/teaching theory |
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Term
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Definition
| based on learning theory;retraining real world skills;trains specific funct skills in true contexts. |
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Term
| intervention: impaired alertness |
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Definition
| increase env stimuli, GM, increase sensory stimuli |
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Term
| intervention: motor/ideomotor apraxia |
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Definition
| general VC as opposed to specific, decrease manipulation demands, HOH assistance, visual cues. |
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Term
| intervention: ideational apraxia |
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Definition
| step by step insructions; HOH guiding; motor planning opportunities |
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Term
| intervention: perseveration |
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Definition
| bring to consious level; redirect attention, engage in tasks that require repetive action |
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Term
| intervention:spatial neglect |
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Definition
| graded scanning activites w/ manipulation, grade from simple to complex, anchoring techniques, exteral cues(colored markers, written dir) |
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Term
| intervention: body neglect |
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Definition
| provide bilateral activites; guide affected side through activity; increse sensory stimuli to affected side |
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Term
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Definition
| decrease external auditory, increase response time, use visual cues and gestures, concise sent, aug comm devices if needed |
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Term
| intervention: sequencing and organization deficits |
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Definition
| use external cues (written direc, planners); grade tasks |
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Term
| intervention: spatial relations dysfunction |
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Definition
| challenge underlying spatial skills, tasks the require R/L discrimination |
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Term
| intervention: memory loss |
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Definition
| rehersal strategies, chunk info, memory aids(alarm watches, timers),use temporal tags |
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Term
| ACL Level 1: Automatic Actions |
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Definition
| automatic motor responses and changes in ANS. Conscious response to the external environment |
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Term
| ACL Level 2: Postural Actions |
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Definition
| movement associated w/ comfort. some awareness of large objects in the environment, individual may assit caregiver with simple tasks. 24 hr nursing care |
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Term
| ACL level 3: Manual Actions |
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Definition
| begins with use of hands to manipulate objects. Ind may be able to perform a kimited number of tasks long term repetitive training. 24 supervision for set up |
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Term
| ACL Level 4: Goal Directed Actions |
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Definition
| ability to carry out simple tasks through completion. Relies heavily on VISUAL CUES. May be able to perform established routines/can't cope w/ unexpected events. |
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Term
| ACL level 5: Exploratory Actions |
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Definition
| overt TRIAL and ERROR problem solvong. New learning occurs, 20% of population. May live alone,supported emplyment w/job coach |
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Term
| ACL level 6: Planned Actions |
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Definition
| absence of disability. Person can think of hypothetical situations and do MENTAL trial and error problem solving. |
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Term
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Definition
| failure to acknowledge the exisence of some aspect of reality that is apparent to others |
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Term
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Definition
| attributing feelings to others (guilty person attributes what others say as blaming) |
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Term
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Definition
| aggression towards others which is indirectly or unassertivly expressed |
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Term
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Definition
| returning to an earlier stage of dev to avoid tension/conflict. (needy/childlike) |
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Term
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Definition
| self justifying explanation to hide real reasons for behavior |
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Term
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Definition
| blocking from consiousness painfull memories |
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Term
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Definition
| redirecting an emotion or reaction form one onject to a similar less threatening one ( child gets angry with smaller sibling) |
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Term
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Definition
| the switching of unacceptable impulses into its opposite (hug someone u hate) |
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Term
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Definition
| redirecting energy from socially unacceptable impules to accecptable ( angry person plays sports) |
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Term
| managing problem behaviors: hallucinations |
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Definition
| create distraction free environment;highly structured simple concrete activites;redirect to reality based thinking & actions |
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Term
| managing problem behaviors: delusions |
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Definition
| redirect to reality based thinking;avoid discussions that focus or validate delusional material |
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Term
| managing problem behaviors: akathisia |
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Definition
| allow person to move around as needed without causing disruption;select GM act when possible |
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Term
| managing problem behaviors: offensive behavior (verbal or physical) |
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Definition
| set limits to behavior immed;reasons for unacceptable behavior should be clearly presented; consequences should be clearly set;needs of entire group/unit must be kept in mind first |
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Term
| lack of initiation/participation |
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Definition
| id reasons for lack of participation. see motivational hints |
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Term
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Definition
| activities that address interests;the more ownership the better;success is motivating, fun, positive feedback and rewards, curiosity can motivate, food is motivating |
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Term
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Definition
| avoid challenging behavior,maintain comfortable distance,activly listen, calm tone, speak simply, dont make judgments, ***if all fails-remove patient or send for staff |
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Term
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Definition
| make contact, value what is said, maintain positive and friendly facial expression,dont give orders, short simple, don't argue or criticize |
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