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NBCE Part 1
LaRose Vertebral Column
89
Health Care
Professional
08/23/2012
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Term
1.       The vertebral column embryologically develops from the _____.
 Definition
MESODERM
Term
2.       The _____ guides the development of the vertebral column and the spinal cord.
 Definition
NOTOCHORD
Term
3.       The notochord gives rise to the _____ of the IV discs.
 Definition
NUCLEUS PULPOSUS
Term
4.       During development of the vertebral column, condensations of mesoderm around the notochord called _____ are formed.
 Definition
SOMITES
Term
5.       These 3 things develop from the somites.
 Definition
1) SCLEROTOMES, 2) MYOTOMES, 3) DERMATOMES
Term
6.       The somites gives rise to the _____, from which the vertebra develop.
 Definition
SCLEROTOMES
Term
7.       These are the 2 primary ossification centers of the sclerotomes.
 Definition
1) CENTRUM FOR THE BODY, 2) RIGHT AND LEFT HALVES OF THE NEURAL ARCH
Term
8.       3 secondary ossification centers of the sclerotomes.
 Definition
1) SPINOUS PROCESS, 2) RIGHT AND LEFT TP’S, 3) UPPER AND LOWER VERTEBRAL ENDPLATES
Term
9.       The somites give rise to the _____, from which muscle develops.
 Definition
MYOTOMES
Term
10.   _____ give rise to skeletal muscle.
 Definition
SOMATIC MYOTOMES
Term
11.   _____ give rise to smooth muscle.
 Definition
SPLANCHNIC MYOTOMES
Term
12.   _____ give rise to extensor muscles.
 Definition
EPIMERE MYOTOMES
Term
13.   _____ give rise to flexor muscles.
 Definition
HYPOMERE MYOTOMES
Term
14.   The somites give rise to _____ from which the peripheral nerves develop.
 Definition
DERMATOMES
Term
15.   _____ is mesoderm replaced by cartilage.
 Definition
CHONDRIFICATION
Term
16.   _____ is cartilage replaced by bone.
 Definition
OSSIFICATION
Term
17.   _____ is when the bone is formed within a membrane.
 Definition
INTRAMEMBRANOUS
Term
18.   _____ is when bone is formed within cartilage.
 Definition
INTRACARTILAGINOUS
Term
19.   The typical vertebra has a large weight bearing _____ anteriorly.
 Definition
BODY
Term
20.   The typical vertebra has 2 _____ posterolaterally.
 Definition
PEDICLES
Term
21.   The typical vertebra has 2 _____ forming the neural arch.
 Definition
LAMINA
Term
22.   The typical vertebra has 1 _____ posteriorly.
 Definition
SPINOUS PROCESS
Term
23.   The typical vertebra has a _____ with its facet facing backwards.
 Definition
SUPERIOR ARTICULAR PROCESS
Term
24.   The typical vertebra has a _____ with its facet facing forwards.
 Definition
INFERIOR ARTICULAR FACET
Term
25.   The _____ lies between the superior and inferior articular processes in the typical vertebra.
 Definition
PARS INTERARTICULARIS
Term
26.   The _____ is a hollow space that runs behind the body of a typical vertebra.
 Definition
VERTEBRAL CANAL
Term
27.   4 characteristics regarding the cervical vertebra.
 Definition
1) BIFID SPINOS PROCESS, 2) UNCINATE PROCESS, 3) TRANSVERSE FORAMINA IN THE TP’S, 4) ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR TUBERCLES
Term
28.   4 regional thoracic vertebral characteristics.
 Definition
1) HEART SHAPED BODY, 2) SLOPING SP, 3) COSTAL FACETS ON BODY, 4) TP’S
Term
29.   4 regional lumbar vertebral characteristics.
 Definition
1) KIDNEY SHAPED BODY, 2) QUADRANGULAR SP’S, 3) MAMILLARY PROCESSES, 4) ACCESSORY PROCESSES
Term
30.   The atlas has no _____, large _____, and an _____ and _____ with a groove for the vertebral artery.
 Definition
BODY; LATERAL MASSES; ANTERIOR AND POSTERIOR ARCH
Term
31.   In the c2 vertebra, a _____ or _____ is present.
 Definition
DENS OR ODONTOID PROCESS
Term
32.   The C7 vertebral body is known as the _____ due to its long non-bifid spinous process.
 Definition
VERTEBRA PROMINENS
Term
33.   Cervical superior articular facets face _____, _____ and _____ in the _____ plane.
 Definition
BACKWARDS, UPWARDS AND MEDIALLY; HORIZONTAL
Term
34.   Thoracic superior articular facets face _____, _____ and _____ in the _____ plane.
 Definition
BACKWARDS, UPWARDS, LATERALLY; CORONAL
Term
35.   Lumbar superior articular facets face _____, and _____ in the _____ plane.
 Definition
BACKWARDS AND MEDIALLY; SAGGITAL
Term
36.   The inferior articular facets lie in the _____ direction.
 Definition
OPPOSITE
Term
37.   The _____ ligament extends from the sacrum to the basal part of the occiput.
 Definition
ANTERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT
Term
38.   The ALL is _____ and _____ than the posterior longitudinal ligament.
 Definition
THICKER; STRONGER
Term
39.   The ALL prevents _____ of the spine.
 Definition
HYPEREXTENSION
Term
40.   The _____ ligament extends from C2 to the sacrum.
 Definition
POSTEIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT
Term
41.   The PLL prevents _____ of the spine.
 Definition
HYPERFLEXION
Term
42.   The PLL continues as the _____ upwards and beyond C2.
 Definition
TECTORAL MEMBRANE
Term
43.   The _____ ligament connects the tip of each spinous process.
 Definition
SUPRASPINOUS LIGAMENT
Term
44.   The supraspinous ligament prevents _____ of the spine.
 Definition
HYPERFLEXION
Term
45.   The SSL is continuous as the _____ up and above C7.
 Definition
NUCHAL LIGAMENT
Term
46.   The _____ extents between the spinous processes of adjacent vertebrae.
 Definition
INTERSPINOUS LIGAMENT
Term
47.   The interspinous ligament prevents _____ and _____.
 Definition
POSTERIOR TRANSLATION; LIMITS FLEXION
Term
48.   The _____ runs between the transverse processes of adjacent vertebrae.
 Definition
INTERTRANSVERSE LIGAMENT
Term
49.   The intertransverse ligament limits _____.
 Definition
LATERAL BENDING
Term
50.   The _____ extends between the lamaniae of adjacent vertebrae.
 Definition
LIGAMENTUM FLAVUM
Term
51.   The ligamentum flavum contains a lot of _____ which limits _____ and prevents _____ in extension.
 Definition
ELASTIC TISSUE, FLEXION, BUCKLING
Term
52.   The _____ originates from the posterior and lateral aspects of the dens, and inserts into the medial aspect of the occipital condyle.
 Definition
ALAR LIGAMENT
Term
53.   The alar ligament limits _____.
 Definition
AXIAL ROTATION
Term
54.   The _____ arises from the apex of the dens and inserts into the anterior aspects of the foramen magnum.
 Definition
APICAL LIGAMENT
Term
55.   The apical ligament limits _____ and _____ of C2.
 Definition
FLEXION AND EXTENSION
Term
56.   The _____ is a cross shaped ligament that extents from the small medial tubercle on the lateral mass of the atlas to the same tubercle on the other side.
 Definition
CRUCIATE LIGAMENT
Term
57.   The _____ extends from the middle of the transverse ligament to the anterior lip of the foramen magnum between the tectoral membrane and the apical ligament.
 Definition
SUPERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT
Term
58.   The _____ extends from the middle of the transverse ligament to the body of C2.
 Definition
INFERIOR LONGITUDINAL LIGAMENT
Term
59.   The superior and inferior longitudinal ligaments as well as the cruciate ligaments limits _____.
 Definition
LATERAL TRANSLATION
Term
60.   The outer layer of the IV disc is made up of _____.
 Definition
TYPE I COLLAGEN
Term
61.   The inner layer of the IV disc is made up of _____.
 Definition
TYPE II COLLAGEN
Term
62.   The outer part of the IV disc is the _____, which has 15-20 _____.
 Definition
ANNULUS FIBROSIS; CONCENTRIC LAMINAE
Term
63.   The fibers of the annulus fibrosis lay at _____ to _____ degrees to the vertical.
 Definition
40-70 DEGREES
Term
64.   The fibers of the next lamina run in the opposite direction at _____ to _____ degrees to the vertical.
 Definition
120-130 DEGREES
Term
65.   The inner part of the IV disc is called the _____.
 Definition
NUCLEUS PULPOSUS
Term
66.   The IV discs are thickest in the _____ region, and thinnest in the _____ region.
 Definition
LUMBAR, THORACIC
Term
67.   Only the _____ of the annulus fibrosis is innervated.
 Definition
OUTER 1/3
Term
68.   The _____ nerve innervates the annulus fibrosis posteriorly.
 Definition
SINUVERTEBRAL NERVE (RECURRENT MENINGEAL NERVE)
Term
69.   The _____ nerve innervated the annulus fibrosis anterolaterally.
 Definition
GRAY SYMPATHETIC RAMI COMMUNICANTES
Term
70.   The disc is not well vascularized, thus it relies on _____ for nourishment.
 Definition
DIFFUSION FROM THE VERTEBRAL END PLATES
Term
71.   There are a total of _____ IV discs, as there is no disc between _____.
 Definition
23; C1 AND C2
Term
72.   The intervertebral foramen is bounded superiorly by the _____, and the _____ of the vertebra above.
 Definition
PEDICLE, INFERIOR VERTEBRAL NOTCH
Term
73.   The IVF is bounded anterior by the posteriorlateral aspects of _____, and the _____.
 Definition
ADJACENT VERTEBRA AND INTERVENING DISC
Term
74.   The IVF is bounded inferiorly by the _____ and the _____ of the vertebra below.
 Definition
PEDICLE, SUPERIOR VERTEBRAL NOTCH
Term
75.   The IVF is bounded posteriorly by the anterior aspect of the _____ and _____.
 Definition
ZYGAPOPHYSEAL JOINT AND CAPSULE
Term
76.   The IVF contains these 8 things.
 Definition
1) SPINAL NERVE, 2) SPINAL NERVE ROOTS, 3) DRG, 4) SPINAL ARTERY, 5) SPINAL VEINS, 6) 2-4 SINUVERTEBRAL NERVES, 7) FAT, 8) TRANSFORAMINAL LIGAMENTS
Term
77.   The IVF may be narrowed by large protruding _____ from the bodies of adjacent vertebrae, or _____ or _____ that bulge posterolaterally.
 Definition
OSTEOPHYTES; Z-JOINTS OR PROLAPSED DISCS
Term
78.   Spinal nerve roots may be irritated by inflammatory chemicals released from internal disc disruptions associated with displacement of the _____through damaged rings of the annulus fibrosis or more rarely they may be compressed by a _____.
 Definition
NUCLEUS PULPOSUS; POSTEROLATERAL DISC BULGE
Term
79.   The spinal canal extends from the _____ to the _____.
 Definition
FORAMEN MAGNUM; BOTTOM OF THE SACRUM
Term
80.   The spinal canal is bounded anteriorly by the _____.
 Definition
BODIES OF THE VERTEBRAL COLUMN
Term
81.   The spinal canal is bounded laterally by the _____.
 Definition
PEDICLES
Term
82.   The spinal canal is bounded posteriorly by the _____ made of the laminae.
 Definition
NEURAL ARCH
Term
83.   The spinal canal houses these 6 structures.
 Definition
1) SPINAL CORD, 2) MENINGES, 3) SPINAL NERVE ROOTS, 4) CSF, 5) BLOOD VESSELS, 6) CONNECTIVE TISSUE
Term
84.   The _____ lies outside the spinal duramater and contains semi-fluid _____ and _____.
 Definition
EXTRA-DURAL SPACE; FAT AND BLOOD VESSELS
Term
85.   The spinal canal is smallest in the _____ region and larges in the _____ region.
 Definition
THORACIC; CERVICAL
Term
86.   The _____ region of the spinal canal is the most common site for cord compression (myelopathy) because the spinal cord is widest in this region.
 Definition
CERVICAL
Term
87.   The shape of the spinal canal in the cervical region is _____.
 Definition
TRIANGULAR
Term
88.   The shape of the spinal canal in the thoracic region is _____.
 Definition
OVAL
Term
89.   The shape of the spinal canal in the lumbar region is _____.
 Definition
TRIANGULAR
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