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NBCE Part 1
LaRose Spinal Cord 2
55
Health Care
Professional
08/23/2012
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Term
1.       Where does the dorsal spinocerebellar tract decussate?
 Definition
IT DOES NOT CROSS, IT REMAINS IPSILATERAL
Term
2.       The 3rd order neurons of the dorsal spinocerebellar tract travel to the _____ via the _____.
 Definition
CEREBELLUM; INFERIOR CEREBELLAR PEDUNCLE
Term
3.       The 1st order neurons of the ventral spinocerebellar tract carries _____ from both the upper and lower limbs.
 Definition
UNCONSCIOUS PROPRIOCEPTION
Term
4.       The 2nd order neurons of the ventral spinocerebellar tract are found in _____.
 Definition
LAMINA VII
Term
5.       Where does the ventral spinocerebellar tract decussate.
 Definition
IT DOES TWINE, ONCE IN THE SPINAL CORD AND AGAIN IN THE PONS; THEN IT REMAINS IPSILATERAL
Term
6.       The 3rd order neuron of the ventral spinocerebellar tract terminates in the _____ via the _____.
 Definition
CEREBELLUM; SUPERIOR CEREBELLAR PEDUNCLE
Term
7.       The 1st order neuron of the rubrospinal tract is in the _____, the decussation is in the _____, and the 2nd order neurons are found in _____.
 Definition
RED NUCLEUS; MIDBRAIN; LAMINAE V-VIII
Term
8.       The 1st order neuron of the tectospinal tract is in the _____, the decussation is in the _____, and the 2nd order neuron is found in _____.
 Definition
TECTUM OF MIDBRAIN; MIDBRAIN; LAMINAE VI AND VIII
Term
9.       The 1st order neurons of the lateral corticospinal (pyramidal) tract is found in the _____, the decussation is in the _____, and the 2nd order neurons are found in _____.
 Definition
PRE-CENTRAL GYRUS; MEDULLA; LAMINAE IV-IX
Term
10.   the 1st order neurons of the ventral corticospinal tract is found in the _____, the decussation is at the _____, and the 2nd order neuron is found in _____.
 Definition
PRE-CENTRAL GYRUS; SPINAL CORD AT LEVEL OF EXIT; LAMINAE VI-IX
Term
11.   the 1st order neuron of the reticulospinal tract is found in the _____, the decussation is at _____, and the 2nd order neuron is found in _____.
 Definition
RETICULAR FORMATION, VARIOUS LEVELS, LAMINAE VIII
Term
12.   the 1st order neuron of the vestibulospinal tract is found in the _____, the tract remains _____, and the 2nd order neurons are found in _____.
 Definition
VESTIBULAR NUCLEI; UNCROSSED; LAMINAE VI AND VIII
Term
13.   the 1st order neurons of the raphespinal tract is found in the _____, the tract remains _____, and the 2nd order neurons are found in _____.
 Definition
RAPHE NUCLEUS; UNCROSSED; LAMINAE I, II, AND V
Term
14.   These 2 descending tracts remain uncrossed.
 Definition
VESTIBULOSPINAL AND RAPHESPINAL
Term
15.   This descending tract is responsible for voluntary control of the muscles in the limbs.
 Definition
LATERAL CORTICOSPINAL TRACT
Term
16.   This descending tract is responsible for voluntary control of muscles in the head, neck, and trunk.
 Definition
VENTRAL CORTICOSPINAL
Term
17.   This descending tract is responsible for exciting proximal flexors and inhibits extensors mainly in the upper limb.
 Definition
RUBROSPINAL
Term
18.   This descending tract is responsible for restricting voluntary movements through the gamma motor neurons.
 Definition
RETICULOSPINAL
Term
19.   This descending tract is responsible for head and eye turning in response to light and sound.
 Definition
TECTOSPINAL
Term
20.   This descending tract is involved in postural reflexes in the neck muscles, extensors, back, and limbs.
 Definition
VESTIBULOSPINAL
Term
21.   This descending tract inhibits nocioception by releasing serotonin and acts on the C-fibers.
 Definition
RAPHESPINAL
Term
22.   The grey matter of the spinal cord is arranged in horns. The dorsal horn is _____, the ventral horn is _____, and the lateral horn consists of _____ fibers.
 Definition
SENSORY, MOTOR, SYMPATHETIC
Term
23.   The lateral horn is only found in the _____ region of the spinal cord from _____ to _____, and represents the region that carries sympathetic fibers.
 Definition
THORACIC, T6-L1
Term
24.   The grey matter is further divided into _____ layers of laminae (rexed).
 Definition
10
Term
25.   Lamina _____ is the thin layer which lies beneath the dorsolateral fasiculus of lissauer.
 Definition
LAMINA 1
Term
26.   Fibers from the first order sensory neurons may ascend and descend to adjacent spinal cord segments in the _____ tract.
 Definition
DORSOLATERAL TRACT
Term
27.   This lamina contains neurons which synapse with the first order neurons and send acons to the contralateral spinothalamic tracts.
 Definition
LAMINA 1
Term
28.   Lamina _____ (substantia geatinosa of Rolando) is made up of small neurons, some of which respond to noxious stimuli including the C fibers.
 Definition
LAMINA 2
Term
29.   _____ which is a neuropeptide involved in pain sensibility, is found in high concentrations in laminae I and II.
 Definition
SUBSTANCE P
Term
30.   Lamina _____ and _____ are referred to as the nucleus proprius, and their main input is from fibers that carry mechanoreception and light touch.
 Definition
LAMINAE III AND IV
Term
31.   Lamina _____ contains neurons that respond to both noxious and visceral afferent stimuli.
 Definition
LAMINA V
Term
32.   Lamina _____ is the deepest layer of the dorsal horn, and receives mechanical signals from the skin and joints.
 Definition
LAMINA VI
Term
33.   Lamina _____ contains the dorsal nucleus (Clarke’s column) and the intermediolateral horn or nucleus.
 Definition
LAMINA VII
Term
34.   The _____ is seen in the T1-L2 spinal cord segments, and contains the cell bodies of the preganglionic sympathetic neurons.
 Definition
INTERMEDIOLATERAL HORN
Term
35.   Axons from _____ ascend the spinal cord, and carry unconscious proprioception.
 Definition
CLARKE’S COLUMN
Term
36.   Lamina _____ and _____ represent motor neuron groups in the ventral horn.
 Definition
LAMINAE VIII AND IX
Term
37.   Lamina _____ is the small area of gray matter surrounding the central canal of the spinal cord.
 Definition
LAMINA X
Term
38.   Lamina X is known as the _____.
 Definition
GREY COMMISURE
Term
39.   The blood supply to the spinal cord is supplied by the segmental spinal arteries derived from these 4 arteries.
 Definition
1) ASCENDING CERVICAL, 2) DEEP CERVICAL, 3) POSTERIOR INTERCOSTAL, 4) LUMBAR
Term
40.   Segmental spinal arteries give rise to _____ and _____ arteries.
 Definition
RADICULAR AND SEGMENTAL MEDULLARY ARTERIES
Term
41.   Segmental medullary arteries supplement the _____ and _____ from the vertebral arteries.
 Definition
ANTERIOR SPINAL ARTERY AND 2 POSTERIOR SPINAL ARTERIES
Term
42.   There is a relatively large radicular artery called the _____ which usually supplies between the lower ½ or 2/3 of the spinal cord.
 Definition
GREAT RADICULAR ARTERY (OF ADAMKIEWICZ)
Term
43.   The great radicular artery of adamkiewicz usually arises on the _____ side as a branch of the lower posterior intercostal or upper lumbar arteries.
 Definition
LEFT
Term
44.   The _____supplies approximately the anterior 2/3 of the spinal cord.
 Definition
ANTERIOR SPINAL ARTERY
Term
45.   The _____ supplies the posterior 1/3 of the spinal cord.
 Definition
2 POSTERIOR SPINAL ARTERIES
Term
46.   If there is an upper motor neuron lesion, reflexes _____.
 Definition
INCREASE WITH CLONUS
Term
47.   If there is a lower motor neuron lesion, reflexes are _____.
 Definition
DECREASED OR ABSENT
Term
48.   If there is an upper motor neuron lesion, the muscle tone is _____.
 Definition
SPASTIC
Term
49.   If there is a lower motor neuron lesion, the muscle tone is _____.
 Definition
FLACCID
Term
50.   If there is an upper motor neuron lesion, muscle atrophy is _____.
 Definition
ABSENT
Term
51.   If there is a lower motor neuron lesion, muscle atrophy is _____.
 Definition
PRESENT
Term
1.       If there is an upper motor neuron lesion, fasciculations are _____.
 Definition
ABSENT
Term
2.       If there is a lower motor neuron lesion, fasciculations are _____.
 Definition
PRESENT
Term
3.       If there is an upper motor neuron lesion, Babinski sigh is _____.
 Definition
PRESENT (TOE UP)
Term
4.       If there is a lower motor neuron lesion, Babinski sign is _____.
 Definition
ABSENT (TOE DOWN)
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