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NBCE Part 1
LaRose Immunology
66
Health Care
Professional
08/23/2012

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Term
1.       3 mechanical barriers of the non-specific (innate) immunity.
Definition
1) SKIN, 2) GI TRACT, 3) RESPIRATORY TRACT, 4) GU EPITHELIUM
Term
2.       2 chemical barriers of the non-specific (innate) immunity.
Definition
ACIDIC PH IN THE STOMACH AND VAGINA
Term
3.       The _____ is involved in innate immunity, as it is designed to defend against infection by promoting phagocytosis and killing cells directly.
Definition
COMPLEMENT SYSTEM
Term
4.       The complement system activates these 6 processes to remove invading bacteria.
Definition
1) OPSONIZATION, 2) INFLAMMATION, 3) LYSIS, 4) CHEMOTAXIS, 5) AGGLUTINATION, 6) NEUTRALIZATION (OILCAN)
Term
5.       During opsonization, complement fragments known as _____ bind to the surface of bacteria allowing phagocytic cells to attach to them and engulf the bacteria.
Definition
OPSONINS
Term
6.       _____ is the major opsonin in the body.
Definition
C3B
Term
7.       Inflammation occurs due to activation of mast cells in _____.
Definition
ANAPHYLAXIS
Term
8.       These are the 3 main inflammatory mediators activated in the complement system.
Definition
C3A, C4A, C5A
Term
9.       The complement system causes _____ due to the increased efficiency of bacterial phagocytosis.
Definition
LYSIS
Term
10.   _____ are the main lysis agents activated by the complement system.
Definition
C5B –C9B
Term
11.   This is the main chemotaxis mediator released by the complement system.
Definition
C5A
Term
12.   _____ of the complement system changes the surface of the invading bacteria making them sticky and causing them to clump together.
Definition
AGGLUTINATION
Term
13.   The complement system causes _____ of toxic sites on the surface of the antigen.
Definition
NEUTRALIZATION
Term
14.   Specific or acquired immunity involves the production of _____ against specific foreign antigens by lymphocytes.
Definition
ANTIBODIES
Term
15.   _____ are antibody generating substances that are usually large complex molecules.
Definition
ANTIGENS
Term
16.   Smaller molecules called _____ also have the ability to stimulate antibody production if they are attached to a protein for initial presentation to the immune system.
Definition
HAPTENS
Term
17.   Specific immune responses rely on the actions of _____.
Definition
LYMPHOCYTES
Term
18.   5 products of immune cells.
Definition
1) TNF, 2) IMMUNOGLOBULINS, 3) CYTOKINES (INTERLEUKINS 1-18), 4) INTERFERONS, 5) TRANSFORMING GROWTH FACTOR
Term
19.   These cells are involved in the generation of humoral immunity. They make antibodies in the form of immunoglobulins.
Definition
B-LYMPHOCYTES
Term
20.   B-lymphocytes mature in the _____.
Definition
BONE MAROW
Term
21.   _____ make up 95% of circulating lymphocytes.
Definition
T-LYMPHOCYTES
Term
22.   _____ are cells that mature in the thymus, and they are involved in cell mediated immunity.
Definition
T-LYMPHOCYTES
Term
23.   T-cell precursors in the bone marrow go to the thymus where they differentiate into _____ or _____ cells.
Definition
CD4 OR CD8 T CELLS
Term
24.   _____ T-cells become cytotoxic T cells which kill virus infected, neoplastic, and donor graft cells.
Definition
CD8 T CELLS
Term
25.   _____ further differentiate into helper T cells which develop into Th1 and Th2 cells.
Definition
CD4 T CELLS
Term
26.   _____ cells activate macrophages.
Definition
TH1 CELLS
Term
27.   _____ cells help B cells make antibodies.
Definition
TH2 CELLS
Term
28.   Antibodies belong to a class of proteins called _____, which are in the shape of a Y.
Definition
IMMUNOGLOBULINS
Term
29.   The _____ region of the antibody determines which type of immunoglobulin it is.
Definition
FC REGION
Term
30.   This is the most abundant antibody found in the body, which promotes phagocytosis and cell lysis.
Definition
IGG
Term
31.   IgG confers _____ in the body.
Definition
PASSIVE IMMUNITY
Term
32.   This antibody is found in the saliva, tears, and breast milk.
Definition
IGA
Term
33.   This antibody is secreted early on, and promotes agglutination, phagocytosis and cell lysis.
Definition
IGM
Term
34.   This antibody is on the surface of B-lymphocytes, but its overall function is unknown.
Definition
IGD
Term
35.   This antibody is important in parasitic infections and allergic reactions.
Definition
IGE
Term
36.   The _____ of the immunoglobulin is important for the antigen binding specificity.
Definition
FAB ARM
Term
37.   Antibodies bind to _____, thus promoting their destruction.
Definition
ANTIGENS
Term
38.   Antibodies promote the destruction of antigens directly in these 3 ways.
Definition
1) LYSIS OF MEMBRANES, 2) AGGLUTINATION, 3) NEUTRALIZATION OF TOXINS
Term
39.   Antibodies promote the destruction of antigens indirectly by activating the _____.
Definition
COMPLEMENT SYSTEM
Term
40.   This antibody is the only one that can cross the placenta.
Definition
IGG
Term
41.   This is the largest of all antibodies.
Definition
IGM
Term
42.   This is the smallest of all antibodies.
Definition
IGG
Term
43.   This antibody is found in type 1 hypersensitivity reactions and parasitic diseases.
Definition
IGE
Term
44.   This is the first antibody to respond.
Definition
IGM
Term
45.   This antibody activates basophils and mast cells.
Definition
IGD
Term
46.   Cell mediated immunity relies on activated _____.
Definition
T-CELLS
Term
47.   _____ is important in combating viral and fungal infections, as well as against potential cancer cells.
Definition
CELL MEDIATED IMMUNITY
Term
48.   3 different types of T-lymphocytes.
Definition
1) CYTOTOXIC T-CELLS, 2) HELPER T-CELLS, 3) SUPPRESSOR T-CELLS
Term
49.   This type of T-lymphocyte lyses cells carrying the antigens to which they are sensitive.
Definition
CYTOTOXIC T-CELLS
Term
50.   This type of T-lymphocyte is activated by macrophage-processed antigens. Once stimulated, lymphokines are released which are interleukin 2-6 and interferon.
Definition
HELPER T-CELLS
Term
51.   This type of T-lymphocyte directly inhibits lymphocytic function.
Definition
SUPPRESSOR T CELL
Term
52.   Cell mediated responses persist _____ than any antibody response.
Definition
LONGER
Term
53.   _____ immunity involves the production of antibodies after infection.
Definition
NATURAL ACTIVE IMMUNITY
Term
54.   _____immunity occurs when the antibodies are produced in the mother and are transferred at birth to the infant.
Definition
NATURAL PASSIVE IMMUNITY
Term
55.   _____ immunity involves antibody production induced by immunization.
Definition
ARTIFICAL ACTIVE IMMUNITY
Term
56.   _____ immunity involves antibodies that are produced elsewhere (like in a horse) and injected or transferred into the patient.
Definition
ARTIFICAL ACTIVE IMMUNITY
Term
57.   _____and _____ immunity are longer lasting compared to natural passive and artificial passive immunity which is short lived.
Definition
NATURAL ACTIVE AND ARTIFICIAL ACTIVE
Term
58.   In this type of hypersensitivity reaction, the antigen reacts with IgE causing mast cells to release histamine, heparin.
Definition
TYPE-1 ANAPHYLACTIC REACTIONS
Term
59.   2 types of type 1 hypersensitivity reactions.
Definition
ALLERGIES AND ASTHMA
Term
60.   2 antibodies in type 2 (cytotoxic) hypersensitivity reactions.
Definition
IGG AND IGM
Term
61.   Type II hypersensitivity reactions cause destruction of _____.
Definition
RBC’S
Term
62.   3 examples of type 2 hypersensitivity reactions.
Definition
1) ERYTHROBLASTOSIS FETALIS, 2) ACUTE TRANSFUSION REACTIONS, 3) ITP
Term
63.   In this type of hypersensitivity reaction, an IgG mediated immune complex triggers inflammation.
Definition
TYPE 3 IMMUNE COMPLEX REACTIONS
Term
64.   6 examples of type 3 hypersensitivity reactions.
Definition
1) SERUM SICKNESS, 2) DRUG REACTIONS, 3) SLE, 4) RA, 5) POST STREPTOCOCCAL GLOMERULONEPHRITIS, 6) FARMER’S LUNG
Term
65.   In this type of hypersensitivity reaction, no immunoglobulins are produced, rather it is T-cell mediated.
Definition
TYPE 4 DELAYED HYPERSENSITIVITY
Term
66.   4 examples of type 4 delayed hypersensitivity reactions.
Definition
1) TB, 2) POISON IVY, 3) CHRONIC TRANSPLANT REJECTION, 4) TYPE 1 DIABETES MELLITUS
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