Shared Flashcard Set

Details

NBCE Part 1
LaRose Protein Met
62
Health Care
Professional
08/23/2012
Click here to study/print these flashcards.

Create your own flash cards! Sign up here.

Additional Health Care Flashcards

 

 

Cards

Term
1.       _____ are large organic molecules made up of long twisted chains of amino acids.
 Definition
PROTEINS
Term
2.       _____ are the building blocks of life.
 Definition
PROTEINS
Term
3.       There are more than 100,000 different protein molecules in the body, and all of these diverse chemicals are built on only _____ amino.
 Definition
20 AMINO ACIDS
Term
4.       A _____ is a compound characterized by the presence of an amine (NH2) and carboxyl (COOH) on the first alpha carbon atom.
 Definition
AMINO ACID
Term
5.       A _____ amino acid is one that cannon be synthesized by the body.
 Definition
ESSENTIAL
Term
6.       Non-essential amino acids are manufactured in the _____.
 Definition
LIVER
Term
7.       10 essential amino acids.
 Definition
1) PHENYLALANINE, 2) VALINE, 3) THREONINE, 4) TRYPTOPHAN, 5) ISOLEUCINE, 6) METHIONINE, 7) HISTIDINE, 8) ARGININE, 9) LEUCINE, 10) LYSINE (PVT TIM HALL)
Term
8.       This essential amino acid is broken down into tyrosine, then L-dopa, then dopamine, then norepinephrine, then epinephrine.
 Definition
PHENYLALANINE
Term
9.       This essential amino acid is broken down into serotonin and melatonin.
 Definition
TRYPTOPHAN
Term
10.   These 2 essential amino acids are essential only during periods of growth and pregnancy.
 Definition
HISTIDINE AND ARGININE
Term
11.   This essential amino acid is broken down into histamine.
 Definition
HISTIDINE
Term
12.   This essential amino acid is broken down into creatinine and nitric acid.
 Definition
ARGININE
Term
13.   This non-essential amino acid is used to manufacture thyroxin (T4).
 Definition
TYROSINE
Term
14.   This non-essential amino acid is broken down into porphyrin and then heme.
 Definition
GLYCINE
Term
15.   This non-essential amino acid is broken down into GABA and glutathione.
 Definition
GLUTAMATE
Term
16.   These 4 amino acids are derived from intermediates of glycolysis.
 Definition
1) GLYCINE, 2) ALANINE, 3) SERINE, 4) CYSTEINE
Term
17.   Glycine is made from _____.
 Definition
SERINE
Term
18.   Alanine is made from the transamination of _____.
 Definition
PYRUVATE
Term
19.   Serine is made from _____.
 Definition
3-PHOSPHOGLYCERATE
Term
20.   Cysteine is made from _____.
 Definition
SERINE
Term
21.   These 6 amino acids are derived from kreb’s cycle intermediates.
 Definition
1) GLUTAMATE, 2) ASPARTATE, 3) GLUTAMINE, 4) ASPARAGINE, 5) PROLINE, 6) ARGININE
Term
22.   Glutamate is derived from _____.
 Definition
ALPHA-GLUTARATE
Term
23.   Aspartate is derived from the transamination of _____.
 Definition
OXALOACETATE
Term
24.   Glutamine is derived from _____.
 Definition
GLUTAMATE
Term
25.   Asparagine is produced from _____.
 Definition
ASPARTATE
Term
26.   Proline is derived from _____.
 Definition
GLUTAMATE
Term
27.   Arginine is derived from _____.
 Definition
GLUTAMINE
Term
28.   Proteins are made in the _____ where the genetic code is decoded via strands of mRNA.
 Definition
RIBOSOMES
Term
29.   This structure of proteins consists of a linear sequence of amino acids forming a polypeptide chain.
 Definition
PRIMARY STRUCTURE
Term
30.   This structure of proteins is formed as the protein begins to fold with the chemical forces within the primary linear structure.
 Definition
SECONDARY STRUCTURE
Term
31.   The secondary protein structure takes one of 2 forms which are either a _____ or a _____.
 Definition
ALPHA-HELIX; BETA-PLEATER SHEET
Term
32.   The end product of secondary proteins is a 3-D structure stabilized by _____.
 Definition
HYDROGEN BONDS
Term
33.   This structure of proteins controls the overall 3-D shape of a single protein molecule. It is the spatial relationship of secondary structures to one another.
 Definition
TERTIARY STRUCTURE
Term
34.   The tertiary structure of a protein controls the basic _____ of the protein.
 Definition
FUNCTION
Term
35.   This structure of a protein is 2 or more tertiary structures put together.
 Definition
QUATERNARY STRUCTURE
Term
36.   _____ is a quaternary protein that contains 2 alpha, and 2 beta subunits.
 Definition
HEMOGLOBIN
Term
37.   There are 2 major groups of amino acids depending on their degradation products which are _____ and _____.
 Definition
GLUCOGENIC AND KETOGENIC
Term
38.   These 4 essential amino acids are glucogenic as they produce pyruvate and other intermediates in the krebs cycle which could be used to produce new glucose.
 Definition
1) HISTIDINE, 2) METHIONINE, 3) THREONINE, 4) VALINE
Term
39.   These 2 amino acids are ketogenic as they produce ketone bodies such as acetyl CoA and acetoacetate which can be used as an alternative source in starvation and in diabetes mellitus.
 Definition
LYSINE AND LEUCINE
Term
40.   These 3 essential amino acids are both ketogenic and glucogenic.
 Definition
1) PHENYLALANINE, 2) ISOLEUCINE, 3) TRYPTOPHAN
Term
41.   All the non-essential amino acids are glucogenic except for _____ which is ketogenic.
 Definition
TYROSINE
Term
42.   When proteins are broken down, nitrogen is released and can be removed in these 4 manners.
 Definition
1) TRANSAMINATION, 2) DEAMINATION, 3) AMMONIA FORMATION, 4 ) UREA FORMATION
Term
43.   _____ is a method of removing nitrogen in which NH2 is transferred from one molecule to another.
 Definition
TRANSAMINATION
Term
44.   The 2 enzymes involved in transamination are _____and _____.
 Definition
TRANSAMINASE AND AMINOTRANSFERASE
Term
45.   _____ is a process of nitrogen removal in which amino acids are broken down when too much protein has been taken in.
 Definition
DEAMINATION
Term
46.   Deamination occurs in the _____.
 Definition
LIVER
Term
47.   in deamination, the _____ group is removed from the amino acid and converted to ammonia.
 Definition
AMINO GROUP
Term
48.   Deamination of glutamate produces _____.
 Definition
ALPHA-KETOGLUTARATE
Term
49.   Deamination of aspartate produces _____.
 Definition
OXALOACETATE
Term
50.   Deamination of alanine and serine produces _____.
 Definition
PYRUVATE
Term
51.   _____ is a process of nitrogen removal when hydrogen is added to the NH2 group to form ammonia.
 Definition
AMMONIA FORMATION
Term
52.   _____ is a process of nitrogen removal in which ammonia is converted into urea to be excreted in the urine.
 Definition
UREA FORMATION
Term
53.   _____ is toxic, especially to the CNS and must be removed from the body.
 Definition
AMMONIA
Term
54.   The urea cycle produces urea from _____, _____ and _____.
 Definition
AMMONIA, CO2, ASPARTATE
Term
55.   The main sources of nitrogen atoms are _____ and _____ which are degraded to ammonia.
 Definition
GLUTAMATE AND ALANINE
Term
56.   The 1st step of the urea cycle involves converting ammonia to _____.
 Definition
CARBAMOYL PHOSPHATE
Term
57.   The 2nd step of the urea cycle involves carbamoyl phosphate reacting with _____ to form _____.
 Definition
ORNITHINE; CITRULLINE
Term
58.   In the 3rd step of the urea cycle, citrulline passes out of the cytosol where it is combined with _____ to form _____.
 Definition
ASPARTATE; ARGINONOSUCCINATE
Term
59.   In the 4th step of the urea cycle, arginosuccinate is split to form _____ and _____.
 Definition
FUMARATE AND ARGININE
Term
60.   In the last step of the urea cycle, arginine is cleaved for form _____ and _____.
 Definition
ORNITHINE AND UREA
Term
61.   _____ is then transported back into the mitochondria where it can be used for another round of the cycle, while _____ is excreted in the urine.
 Definition
ORNITHINE, UREA
Term
62.   What is the rate limiting step of the urea cycle?
 Definition
CARBAMOYL PHOSPHATE SYNTHASE CONVERTING AMMONIA TO CARBAMOYL PHOSPHATE
Supporting users have an ad free experience!