Term
| 1. 3 names for the kreb’s cycle. |
|
Definition
| 1) TCA CYCLE, 2) CITRIC ACID CYCLE, 3) METABOLIC HUB |
|
|
Term
| 2. The kreb’s ccle is located in the _____ and occurs under _____ conditions. |
|
Definition
| MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX, AEROBIC |
|
|
Term
| 3. The substrate for kreb’s cycle is the breakdown of products of _____, _____ and _____. |
|
Definition
| CARBOHYDRATES, FATS AND PROTEIN |
|
|
Term
| 4. The fuel to drive the krebs cycle is _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 5. The end product of carbohydrate breakdown is _____, which is turned into _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 6. Each acetyl-CoA generated from pyruvate is used to produce these 4 things. |
|
Definition
| 1) 3 NADH, 2) 1 FADH2, 3) 1 GTP, 4) 2 CO2 |
|
|
Term
| 7. Both _____ and _____ deliver electrons to the electron transport chain to generate energy by the process of oxidative phosphorylation. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 8. Prior to the krebs cycle itself, a very important preliminary reaction occurs in which the 2 pyruvate molecules from glycolysis are converted to _____ losing CO2. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 9. The 2 acetyl groups are activated by attaching them to a carrier molecule known as _____, forming acetyl CoA. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 10. _____ is the enzyme complex that creates acetyl CoA in the mitochondria. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 11. Next, the 2 carbon acetyl group from acetyl CoA is jointed to a 4-carbon compound to produce a _____ which is much easier to oxidize. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 12. This 6-carbon compound goes through a series of reactions, several which are _____ reactions. |
|
Definition
| OXIDATION-REDUCTION REACTIONS |
|
|
Term
| 13. Two molecules of CO2 are lost from the 6-carbon compound, regenerating the 4-carbon compound. Thus all 6 carbons of the original glucose molecule are converted to CO2, which is a waste product of catabolism. The oxygen molecules of the glucose molecule ultimately end up as part of the CO2, and _____ is produced at this step. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 14. In the 1st step of the kreb’s cycle, _____ is formed when oxaloacetate is combined with acetyl CoA. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 15. _____ is the enzyme used to convert citrate to oxaloacetate. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 16. The next step of the kreb’s cycle converts citrate to _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 17. _____ is the enzyme that converts citrate to isocitrate. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 18. Isocitrate is then converted to _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 19. _____ is the enzyme that converts alpha-ketoglutarate to isocitrate. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 20. What is the rate limiting step of the kreb’s cycle? |
|
Definition
| THE CONVERSION OF ALPHA-KETOGLUTARATE TO ISOCITRATE |
|
|
Term
| 21. When alpha-ketoglutarate is formed, one _____ is produced while one _____ is released. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 22. Alpha-ketoglutarate is then converted to _____ which is catalyzed by the enzyme _____. |
|
Definition
| SUCCINYL COA, ALPHA-KETOGLUTARATE DEHYDROGNASE |
|
|
Term
| 23. When succinyl CoA is formed, one _____ is produced and one _____ is released. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 24. In the 5th step of the krebs cycle, _____ is produced from succinyl CoA, which is catalyzed by the enzyme _____. |
|
Definition
| SUCCINATE; SUCCINATE THIOKINASE |
|
|
Term
| 25. When succinate is formed, one _____ is produced. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 26. Succinate is then converted to _____ which is catalyzed by the enzyme _____. |
|
Definition
| FUMARATE; SUCCINATE DEHYDROGENASE |
|
|
Term
| 27. _____ is the only TCA cycle enzyme that is bound to the mitochondrial membrane instead of being soluble in the mitochondrial matrix. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 28. Succinate dehydrogenase is the only TVA cycle enzyme that directly uses _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 29. When succinate is converted to fumarate one _____ is produced. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 30. Fumarate is then converted to_____ which is catalyzed by the enzyme _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 31. In the last step of the krebs cycle, malate is converted to _____ which is catalyzed by the enzyme _____. |
|
Definition
| OXALOACETATE; MALATE DEHYDROGENASE |
|
|
Term
| 32. The formation of oxaloacetate produces one _____. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 33. Oxaloacetate is then added to_____ to re-enter the cycle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 34. The 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1GTP, and 2 CO2 produced from the krebs cycle enter the _____ through the process of _____. |
|
Definition
| ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN, OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION |
|
|
Term
| 35. Since NADH and FADH2 cannot physically cross the mitochondrial membrane, the electrons must be shuttled into the mitochondria by organ specific shuttles, namely via the _____ and _____ shuttles. |
|
Definition
| GLYCEROL-3-PHOSPHAT AND MALATE ASPARTATE SHUTTLES |
|
|
Term
| 36. Where is the electron transport chain located? |
|
Definition
| IN THE MITOCHONDRIAL MEMBRANE |
|
|
Term
| 37. After entering the electron transport chain, each NADH produces _____ ATP’s. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 38. After entering the electron transport chain, each FADH produces _____ ATP’s. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 39. Each pyruvate molecule produced eventually yields _____ ATP’s. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 40. 2 molecules of pyruvate from 1 glucose molecule will yield _____ ATP’s from the kreb’s cycle. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 41. How many total ATP’s are produced by the Kreb’s cycle? |
|
Definition
| NONE, ATP IS ONLY RELEASED WHEN NADH AND FADH2 ENTERS THE ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN IN THE MITOCHONDRION |
|
|
Term
| 42. Each molecule of glucose going through glycolysis and the krebs cycle will yield a total of _____ATP’s. |
|
Definition
|
|
Term
| 43. 4 points of the krebs cycle where proteins can enter. |
|
Definition
| (SOFA) 1) SUCCINYL COA, 2) OXALOACETATE, 3) FUMARATE, 4) ALPHA-KETOGLUTARATE |
|
|
Term
| 44. 2 points where fats can enter the kreb’s cycle. |
|
Definition
| 1) ALPHA KETOGLUTARATE, 2) SUCCINYL COA |
|
|
