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NBCE Part 1
LaRose Endocrine Pathology
60
Health Care
Professional
08/23/2012
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Term
1.       _____ is a pituitary disorder due to excess growth hormone before 18 years. It may also be associated with a functioning pituitary adenoma.
 Definition
GIGANTISM
Term
2.       Gigantism causes these 4 associated conditions.
 Definition
1) LARGE HANDS, 2) PROTRUDING JAW, 3) HEADACHES, 4) VISUAL DISTURBANCES
Term
3.       _____ is a conditions caused by excess growth hormone after the growth plate has closed. Usually caused by a functioning pituitary adenoma.
 Definition
ACROMEGALY
Term
4.       Acromegaly is associated with these 4 conditions.
 Definition
1) PROTRUDING JAW, 2) LARGE SPATULATEHANDS AND FEET, 3) HEADACHE, 4) VISUAL DISTURBANCES
Term
5.       _____ is a condition caused by excess ACTH from a functioning pituitary adenoma.
 Definition
CUSHING’S DISEASE
Term
6.       Cushing’s disease causes excess _____ production by the adrenal cortex.
 Definition
CORTISOL
Term
7.       Cushing’s disease causes these 7 associated symptoms.
 Definition
1) MOON FACE, 2) BUFFALO HUMP, 3) TRUNCAL OBESITY, 4) HYPERTENSION, 5) PURPLE STRIAE IN THE ABDOMEN, 6) MUSCLE WASTING IN THE EXTREMITIES, 7) RECURRENT INFECTIONS
Term
8.       _____ is a condition caused by a growth hormone deficiency in children. It may also be related to a non-functioning pituitary tumor presenting with growth retardation.
 Definition
PITUITARY DWARFISM
Term
9.       _____ is a condition that causes ischemic necrosis of the anterior pituitary lobe following severe postpartum hemorrhage.
 Definition
SHEEHAN’S SYNDROME
Term
10.   Sheehan’s syndrome causes these 3 associated conditions.
 Definition
1) AMENORRHEA, 2) CESSATION OF LACTATION, 3) LOSS OF AXILLARY AND PUBIC HAIR
Term
11.   _____ is caused by a prolactin secreting pituitary adenoma.
 Definition
HYPERPROLACTINEMIA
Term
12.   Hyperprolactinemia causes these 3 associated conditions.
 Definition
1) GALACTORRHEA, 2) AMENORRHEA, 3) INFERTILITY
Term
13.   _____ is a condition caused by an ADH deficiency.
 Definition
DIABETES INSIPIDUS
Term
14.   Diabetes insipidus can be caused by these 4 things.
 Definition
1) HEAD INJURY, 2) PITUITARY TUMORS, 3) KIDNEY DISEASE, 4) SARCOIDOSIS
Term
15.   Diabetes insipidus is associated with these 3 conditions.
 Definition
1) POLYURIA, 2) POLYDYPSIA, 3) SPECIFIC GRAVITY OF URINE LESS THAT 1.006
Term
16.   Hypothyroidism leads to _____ in adults and _____ in infants.
 Definition
MYXEDEMA; CRETINISM
Term
17.   This type of hypothyroidism is characterized by low T3 and T4, and high TSH.
 Definition
PRIMARY HYPOTHYROIDISM
Term
18.   This type of hypothyroidism is characterized by low T3, T4, and TSH. Usually caused by a hypofunctioning pituitary.
 Definition
SECONDARY HYPOTHYROIDISM
Term
19.   _____ is a thyroid condition caused by anti-thyroglobulin antibodies binding to the thyroid leading to goiter formation and hypothyroidism.
 Definition
HASHIMOTO’S THYROIDOSIS
Term
20.   _____ is a thyroid disorder that is characterized by lympocytic fibrotic thyroid disease leading to hypothyroidism.
 Definition
RIEDEL’S THYROIDITIS
Term
21.   This type of hyperthyroidism causes elevated T3 and T4 with low TSH.
 Definition
PRIMARY HYPERTHYROIDISM
Term
22.   This is the most common form of hyperthyroidism that is an auto-immune disorder in which IgG antibodies bind to TSH receptors.
 Definition
GRAVES DISEASE
Term
23.   6 symptoms of graves disease.
 Definition
1) EXOPTHALAMOS, 2) GOITER, 3) FINE TREMORS IN THE HANDS, 4) NERVOUSNESS, 5) DIARRHEA, 6) WEIGHT LOSS DESPITE INCREASED APETITIE, 7) HLA B8 PREDISPOSITION
Term
24.   _____ is a hyperthyroidism condition that causes toxic multinodular goiter and no exopthalamos.
 Definition
PLUMMER’S DISEASE
Term
25.   This type of hyperthyroidism causes elevated T3, T4 and TSH. Usually caused by a TSH secreting pituitary tumor.
 Definition
SECONDARY HYPERTHYROIDISM
Term
26.   Hyperparathyroidism caused by a functioning parathyroid adenoma is characterized by these 3 symptoms.
 Definition
1) HYPERCALCEMIA, 2) FATIGUE, 3) BROWN BONE CYSTS DUE TO DECOMPOSED BLOOD AND HEMOSIDERIN
Term
27.   Hypoparathyroidism caused by incidental removal of the parathyroids in total thyroidectomy causes these 3 conditions.
 Definition
1) HYPOCALCEMIA, 2) TETANY, 3) MUSCLE TWITCHING
Term
28.   If one has hypoparathyroidism, the _____ test may be positive which consists of tapping the facial nerve in front of the ear, and observing and signs of facial twitching.
 Definition
CHVOSTEK TEST
Term
29.   _____ is an adrenal disorder caused by chronic underfunctioning of the adrenal cortex.
 Definition
ADDISON’S DISEASE
Term
30.   Addison’s disease may be an _____, or associated with a _____infection.
 Definition
AUTOIMMUNE, TB
Term
31.   Addison’s disease leads to low _____ and _____.
 Definition
GLUCOCORTICOIDS AND ALDOSTERONE
Term
32.   Addison’s disease causes these 5 conditions.
 Definition
1) BRONZING OF THE SKIN, 2) LOW SODIUM, 3) LOW BP, 4) HIGH POTASSIUM, 5) HIGH ACTH
Term
33.   _____ is an adrenal disorder characterized by acute adrenal bleeding secondary to Neisseria meningitidis septicemia.
 Definition
WATERHOUSE-FRIDERICHSEN SYNDROME
Term
34.   Waterhouse-friderichsen syndrome results in _____ and _____.
 Definition
SHOCK; HEMORRHAGIC RASH
Term
35.   _____ is an adrenal condition caused by over functioning of the zona glomerulosa. It is caused by an adrenal adenoma which produces excess mineralcorticoids.
 Definition
CONN’S DISEASE
Term
36.   Conn’s disease causes these 4 conditions.
 Definition
1) LOW POTASSIUM, 2) LOW RENIN, 3) METABOLIC ALKALOSIS, 4) HIGH BLOOD PRESSURE
Term
37.   _____ is an adrenal condition due to exogenous steroids or a tumor of the adrenal cortex.
 Definition
CUSHING’S SYNDROME
Term
38.   Cushing’s syndrome is characterized by these 7 conditons.
 Definition
1) TRUNCAL OBESITY, 2) MOON FACE, 3) BUFFALO HUMP, 4) HYPERTENSION, 5) HYPERGLYCEMIA, 6) POOR WOUND HEALING, 7) PURPLE ABDOMINAL STRIAE WITH NO HYPERPIGMENTATION
Term
39.   _____ is an adrenal disorder due to a deficiency in the 21-hydroxylase enzyme resulting in excess androgen production and virilization of the female infant.
 Definition
CONGENITAL ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA (ADRENOGENITAL SYNDROME)
Term
40.   _____ is the most common adrenal medulla tumor in children associated with the N-myc oncogene.
 Definition
NEUROBLASTOMA
Term
41.   This is a adrenal medulla tumor that presents with palpitations, perspiration, pressure headaches, and periodic hypertension.
 Definition
PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA
Term
42.   Pheochromocytoma is known as the _____ tumor.
 Definition
. 10% TUMOR
Term
43.   Why is pheochromocytoma known as the 10% tumor?
 Definition
1) 10% ARE BILATERAL, 2) 10% ARE MALIGNANT, 3) 10% OCCUR OUTSIDE THE ADRENAL GLAND, 4) 10% ARE FAMILIAL
Term
44.   _____ is insulin dependent diabetes mellitus common in children and teens. It is caused by an insulin deficiency due to beta cell destruction.
 Definition
DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 1
Term
45.   There is a _____ genetic predisposition associated with diabetes mellitus type 1.
 Definition
HLA-DR3 OR 4
Term
46.   _____ is an insulin insensitive (non-insulin dependent DM) common in obese adults. There is usually a family history of diabetes.
 Definition
DIABETES MELLITUS TYPE 2
Term
47.   Diabetes mellitus type 2 generally causes these 4 conditions.
 Definition
1) POLYURIA, 2) POLYDYPSIA, 3) POLYPHAGIA, 4) PRONE TO HYPEROSMOLAR NON-KETOTIC COMA
Term
48.   Some complications of diabetes mellitus type 2 may be due to the accumulation of advanced glycated end products causing these 3 conditions.
 Definition
1) NAROWING OF SMALL AND MEDIUM SIZED VESSELS, 2) PREMATURE CATARACTS AND RETINOPATHY, MAY BE RELATED TO ACCUMULATION OF SORBITOL
Term
49.   _____ is a diabetic condition that usually affects people under 25. It is not dependent on insulin, no antibodies, and no obesity.
 Definition
MODY (MATURE ONSET DIABETES IN YOUNG)
Term
50.   _____ is a diabetic condition that occurs in 4% of all pregnancies. It usually resolves with the end of pregnancy, but some may progress to type 2 DM.
 Definition
GESTATIONAL DIABETES
Term
51.   _____ is a tumor of the neuroendocrine cells in the gut.
 Definition
CARCINOID SYNDROME
Term
52.   Carcinoid syndrome results in these 3 conditions.
 Definition
1) RECURRENT DIARRHEA, 2) CUTANEOUS FLUSHING, 3) BRONCHIAL WHEEZING
Term
53.   1/3 of carcinoid syndromes _____, and 1/3 are _____.
 Definition
METASTASIZE, MULTIPLE
Term
54.   _____ is a pancreatic beta-islet cell tumor that causes hypoglycemia that is relieved by food.
 Definition
INSULINOMA
Term
55.   _____ is a GI tumor that produces excess gastric leading to recurrent peptic ulcer disease.
 Definition
GASTRINOMA (ZOLLINGER-ELLISON SYNDROME)
Term
56.   Multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN-1) is also known as _____.
 Definition
WERNER’S SYNDROME
Term
57.   MEN-1 is characterized by these 3 P’s.
 Definition
1) PITUITARY ADENOMA, 2) PARATHYROID ADENOMA, 3) PANCREAS ADENOMA
Term
58.   MEN type 2A is also known as _____.
 Definition
SIPPLE’S SINDROME
Term
59.   MEN type 2A is characterized by these 3 things.
 Definition
1) MEDULLARY THYROID CANCER, 2) PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA, 3) PARATHYROID HYPERPLASIA
Term
60.   MEN type 2B is characterized by these 4 conditions.
 Definition
1) MARFANOID FEATURES, 2) MEDULLARY THYROID CANCER, 3) MUCOSAL NEUROMAS, 4) PHEOCHROMOCYTOMA
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