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NBCE Part 1
LaRose Gluconeogenesis
33
Health Care
Professional
08/23/2012
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Term
1.       _____ is a pathway for de novo synthesis of glucose from non-carbohydrate substrates such as pyruvate, lactate, and RBC’s and skeletal muscle during anaerobic exercise.
 Definition
GLUCONEOGENESIS
Term
2.       Gluconeogenesis serves to provide glucose especially for the _____ and _____ which require glucose for energy.
 Definition
BRAIN AND RBC’S
Term
3.       Gluconeogenesis occurs during _____, _____ or _____ and is high endergonic (energy requiring).
 Definition
FASTING, STARVATION, INTENSE EXERCISE
Term
4.       The vast majority of gluconeogenesis takes place in the _____ of _____.
 Definition
CYTOSOL OF LIVER CELLS
Term
5.       Gluconeogenesis uses _____ and _____ as substrates.
 Definition
LACTATE AND AMINO ACIDS
Term
6.       _____ formed during anaerobic respiration in skeletal muscle, is a common substrate for gluconeogenesis.
 Definition
LACTIC ACID
Term
7.       Lactic acid may also come from _____, which obtain energy solely from glycolysis as they have no membrane-bound organelles for aerobic respiration.
 Definition
RBC’S
Term
8.       Lactate is transported back to the liver where it is converted to _____ by the _____ using the enzyme lactate dehydrogenase.
 Definition
PYRUVATE, CORI CYCLE
Term
9.       _____ is an amino acid derived from the glucose-alanine cycle.
 Definition
ALANINE
Term
10.   Both _____ and _____ will first be converted to pyruvate before entering the gluconeogesis pathway.
 Definition
LACTATE AND ALANINE
Term
11.   The cori cycle is an energy sapping cycle and comes at a cost of a net loss of _____ ATP’s per cycle.
 Definition
4 ATP’s
Term
12.   _____ is responsible for preventing lactic acid buildup in skeletal muscle.
 Definition
CORI CYCLE
Term
13.   The first part of gluconeogenesis occurs in the _____, while the rest occurs in the _____.
 Definition
MITOCHONDRIA, CYTOSOL
Term
14.   In gluconeoensis, the replacement for pyruvate kinase is a 2-step process that first converts pyruvate to _____ which occurs in the mitochondrion.
 Definition
OXALOACETATE
Term
15.   _____ is the replacement enzyme that converts pyruvate to oxaloacetate.
 Definition
PYRUVATE CARBOXYLASE
Term
16.   _____, which is vitamin B7 is an essential co-enzyme for carboxylase.
 Definition
BIOTON
Term
17.   Biotin deficiency will cause pyruvate to build up resulting in excess _____ production.
 Definition
LACTIC ACID
Term
18.   Oxaloacetate then passes out into the cytoplasm and becomes activated by _____and _____.
 Definition
ATP AND ACETYL COA
Term
19.   The second step of gluconeogenesis converts _____ to _____ in the cytoplasm and requires lots of energy.
 Definition
OXALOACETATE TO PHOSPHOENOLPYRUVATE
Term
20.   _____ is the enzyme that converts oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate.
 Definition
PEP CARBOXYKINASE
Term
21.   The energy needed to convert oxaloacetate to phosphoenolpyruvate is provided in these 2 ways.
 Definition
1) DECARBOXYLATION IS A FAVORABLE REACTION, 2) GTP IS HYDROLYZED
Term
22.   The enzyme PEP carboxykinase is facilitated by _____ and _____.
 Definition
GLUCAGON AND CORTISOL
Term
23.   What is the rate limiting step of gluconeogenesis?
 Definition
THE CONVERSION OF FRUCTOSE-6-PHOSPHATE TO FRUCTOSE-1,6-BISPHOSPHATE
Term
24.   _____ is the enzyme responsible for converting fructose-6-phosphate into fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.
 Definition
PHOSPHOFRUCTOKINASE
Term
25.   2 things that stimulate the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.
 Definition
ATP AND CITRATE
Term
26.   2 things that inhibit the conversion of fructose-6-phosphate to fructose-1,6-bisphosphate.
 Definition
AMP AND HIGH LEVELS OF FRUCTOSE-2,6-BISPHOSPHATE
Term
27.   _____ converts glucose to glucose-6-phosphate.
 Definition
GLUCOKINASE
Term
28.   _____ is the enzyme that replaces glucose to glucose-6-phosphate. It is present in the ER of the liver and kidney cells making gluconeogenesis possible. G6P is hydrolyzed as it passes into the ER.
 Definition
GLUCOSE-6-PHOSPHATASE
Term
29.   _____and _____ cells do not do gluconeogenesis.
 Definition
MUSCLE AND BRAIN CELLS
Term
30.   Gluconeogenesis is inhibited by _____ and stimulated by _____.
 Definition
INSULIN; GLUCAGON
Term
31.   Gluconeogenesis is a energy _____ process.
 Definition
CONSUMING
Term
32.   _____ ATP’s are used in gluconeogenesis in producing one new glucose molecule.
 Definition
6 ATP’S
Term
33.   If new glucose is not used immediately, it is converted to and stored as _____ in the liver or in skeletal muscle.
 Definition
GLYCOGEN
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